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Park JW, Al-Saadon R, MacLeod MK, Shiozaki T, Vlaisavljevich B. Multireference Electron Correlation Methods: Journeys along Potential Energy Surfaces. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5878-5909. [PMID: 32239929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multireference electron correlation methods describe static and dynamical electron correlation in a balanced way and, therefore, can yield accurate and predictive results even when single-reference methods or multiconfigurational self-consistent field theory fails. One of their most prominent applications in quantum chemistry is the exploration of potential energy surfaces. This includes the optimization of molecular geometries, such as equilibrium geometries and conical intersections and on-the-fly photodynamics simulations, both of which depend heavily on the ability of the method to properly explore the potential energy surface. Because such applications require nuclear gradients and derivative couplings, the availability of analytical nuclear gradients greatly enhances the scope of quantum chemical methods. This review focuses on the developments and advances made in the past two decades. A detailed account of the analytical nuclear gradient and derivative coupling theories is presented. Emphasis is given to the software infrastructure that allows one to make use of these methods. Notable applications of multireference electron correlation methods to chemistry, including geometry optimizations and on-the-fly dynamics, are summarized at the end followed by a discussion of future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Rachael Al-Saadon
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew K MacLeod
- Workday, 4900 Pearl Circle East, Suite 100, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Toru Shiozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Quantum Simulation Technologies, Inc., 625 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
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Avilés A, Torres AE, Balbuena PB, Colmenares F. Explaining the singlet complexes detected for the reaction Zr( 3F) + CH 3CH 3 through a non-spin flip scheme. J Mol Model 2017; 24:12. [PMID: 29247289 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Energy profiles for the lowest lying triplet and singlet electronic pathways that link the reactants Zr + CH3CH3 with the products observed under matrix-isolation conditions were obtained from DFT and CASSCF-MRMP2 calculations. The insertion of the metal into the C-H bond of the organic molecule to yield the oxidative addition product is not favorable for any of the investigated channels. However, the inserted structure H-Zr-CH2CH3 can be obtained from two sequential reactions involving the radical species ZrH and CH2CH3. According to this scheme, a first reaction produces the radical fragments from the ground state of the reactants. Then, the radicals can recombine themselves in a second reaction to form the inserted species H-Zr-CH2CH3. As the triplet and singlet radical asymptotes ZrH + CH2CH3 that vary only in spin of the non-metallic fragment are degenerate, the rebounding of the radicals can occur through both multiplicity channels. It is shown that the low spin channel leads to the most stable structures of the dihydride ZrH2-(CH2)2 and the vinyl metal trihydride complexes ZrH3-CH=CH2 experimentally determined for this reaction under matrix-isolation conditions. The description attained for this interaction does not invoke interactions between the triplet and singlet electronic states emerging from the reactants, as proposed by other authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Avilés
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana E Torres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Perla B Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Fernando Colmenares
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Flores I, Torres AE, Colmenares F. Rationalizing the Low-Spin Products Observed for the Reactions M+CH 3
CN (M=V, Nb,Ta) Through a Non-Spin Flip Scheme. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Flores
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bergen; Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Ana E. Torres
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Fernando Colmenares
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica; Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México CDMX. 04510 Mexico
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Matrix preparation and spectroscopic and theoretical investigation of small high oxidation-state complexes of groups 3–12, 14, lanthanide and actinide metal atoms: Carbon-metal single, double and triple bonds. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Huang Z, Yuan Y, Sun L, Wang X, Li Y. Computational insights into CH3MX (M = Cu, Ag and Au; X = H, F, Cl, Br and I). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18033g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermodynamically stability of CH3MX with respect to CH3X + M is CH3CuX > CH3AuX > CH3AgX. Some stable CH3MX have not been identified experimentally because their vibrational fingerprints (νC−M and vM−X) are too low to be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguo Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Le Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Yuying Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
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Torres AE, Castro G, Pablo-Pedro R, Colmenares F. A two-step reaction scheme leading to singlet carbene species that can be detected under matrix conditions for the reaction of Zr(3F) with either CH3F or CH3CN. J Comput Chem 2014; 35:883-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana E. Torres
- Departamento de Fisica y Quimica Teorica; Facultad de Quimica; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Mexico D.F. 04510
| | - Guadalupe Castro
- Departamento de Fisica y Quimica Teorica; Facultad de Quimica; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Mexico D.F. 04510
| | - Ricardo Pablo-Pedro
- Departamento de Fisica y Quimica Teorica; Facultad de Quimica; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Mexico D.F. 04510
| | - Fernando Colmenares
- Departamento de Fisica y Quimica Teorica; Facultad de Quimica; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Mexico D.F. 04510
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Xiao Y, Chen XY, Qiu YX, Wang SG. Spin-flip reactions of Zr + C2H6 researched by relativistic density functional theory. J Mol Model 2013; 19:4003-12. [PMID: 23851999 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) with relativistic corrections of zero-order regular approximation (ZORA) has been applied to explore the reaction mechanisms of ethane dehydrogenation by Zr atom with triplet and singlet spin-states. Among the complicated minimum energy reaction path, the available states involves three transition states (TS), and four stationary states (1) to (4) and one intersystem crossing with spin-flip (marked by -->): (3) Zr + C 2 H 6 → (3) Zr-CH 3 -CH 3 ((3)1) → (3)TS 1/2 → (3) ZrH-CH 2 -CH 3 ((3)2) → (3) TS 2/3 --> (1) ZrH2-CH2 = CH2 ((1) 3) → (1) TS 3/4 → (1) ZrH 3 -CH = CH 2 ((1)4). The minimum energy crossing point is determined with the help of the DFT fractional-occupation-number (FON) approach. The spin inversion leads the reaction pathway transferring from the triplet potential energy surface (PES) to the singlet's accompanying with the activation of the second C-H bond. The overall reaction is calculated to be exothermic by about 231 kJ mol(-1). Frequency and NBO analysis are also applied to confirm with the experimental observed data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
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Theoretical investigation for the mediated activation of the C–CN in CH3CN by Zr atom in the gas phase. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cho HG, Andrews L. Infrared Spectra of CH3–MX and CH2X–MH Prepared in Reactions of Laser-Ablated Gold, Platinum, Palladium, and Nickel Atoms with CH3Cl and CH3Br. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400192v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Gook Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Incheon, 119 Academy-ro,
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-772, South Korea
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of
Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
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Torres AE, Méndez O, Colmenares F. Two-step radical reactions that switch low multiplicity channels leading to the carbene and carbyne species detected for Ru(5F) + CH4−nFn (n = 2–4) interactions under matrix isolation conditions. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Joly HA, Newton T, Myre M. Activation of C–Cl by ground-state aluminum atoms: an EPR and DFT investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:367-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22398d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Gong Y, Wang X, Andrews L, Chen M, Dixon DA. Infrared Spectra and Quantum Chemical Calculations of the Bridge-Bonded HC(F)LnF2 (Ln = La–Lu) Complexes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200533q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Mingyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States
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Cho HG, Andrews L. Infrared Spectra of CX3−MnX and CX2═MnX2(X = H, F, Cl) Prepared in Reactions of Laser-Ablated Manganese Atoms with Halomethanes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om100791h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Gook Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Incheon, 177 Dohwa-dong, Nam-ku, Incheon, 402-749, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Incheon, 177 Dohwa-dong, Nam-ku, Incheon, 402-749, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2009. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Cho HG, Andrews L. Infrared Spectra of CX2═CoX2 and CX3−CoX Complexes from Reactions of Laser-Ablated Cobalt Atoms with Halomethanes. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:8056-68. [PMID: 20684577 DOI: 10.1021/jp1026543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Gook Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Incheon, 177 Dohwa-dong, Nam-ku, Incheon, 402-749, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Incheon, 177 Dohwa-dong, Nam-ku, Incheon, 402-749, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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Cho HG, Andrews L. Infrared Spectra of Simple Methylidyne, Methylidene, and Insertion Complexes Generated in Reactions of Laser-Ablated Rhodium Atoms with Halomethanes and Ethane. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om900902p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Gook Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Incheon, 177 Dohwa-dong, Nam-ku, Incheon, 402-749, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Incheon, 177 Dohwa-dong, Nam-ku, Incheon, 402-749, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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Cho HG, Andrews L. Infrared spectra of XCIrX3 and CX2IrX2 prepared by reactions of laser-ablated iridium atoms with halomethanes. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:5478-89. [PMID: 20442951 DOI: 10.1039/c002347g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Gook Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Incheon, 177 Dohwa-dong, Nam-ku, Incheon, 402-749, South Korea
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