1
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García-Orduña P, Fernández I, Oro LA, Fernández-Alvarez FJ. Origin of the Ir-Si bond shortening in Ir-NSiN complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5951-5959. [PMID: 33949537 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00473e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Ir-Si bond distances reported for Ir-(fac-κ3-NSiNOPy) and Ir-(fac-κ3-NSiN4MeOPy) species (NSiNOPy = bis(pyridine-2-yloxy)methylsilyl and NSiN4MeOPy = bis(4-methyl-pyridine-2-yloxy)methylsily) are in the range of 2.220-2.235 Å. These values are in the lowest limit of the Ir-Si bond distances found in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). To understand the origin of such remarkable shortening, a computational study of the bonding situation of representative examples of Ir-(fac-κ3-NSiN) species has been carried out. It is found that the Ir-Si bond can be described as an electron-sharing (i.e. covalent) bond. Despite that, this bond is highly polarized and as a result, the contribution of the electrostatic attractions to the bonding is rather significant. Indeed, there exists a linear relationship (R2 = 0.97) between the Ir-Si bond distance and the extent of the computed electrostatic interactions, which indicates that the ionic contribution to the bonding is mainly responsible for the observed Ir-Si bond shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar García-Orduña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis A Oro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Fernández-Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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2
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Guzmán J, Bernal AM, García-Orduña P, Lahoz FJ, Polo V, Fernández-Alvarez FJ. 2-Pyridone-stabilized iridium silylene/silyl complexes: structure and QTAIM analysis. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17665-17673. [PMID: 33232415 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03326j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iridium(iii) complexes of the general formula [Ir(X)(κ2-NSiiPr2)2] (NSiiPr2 = (4-methyl-pyridine-2-yloxy)diisopropylsilyl; X = Cl, 3; CF3SO3, 5; CF3CO2, 6) have been prepared and fully characterized, including X-ray diffraction studies and theoretical calculations. The presence of isopropyl substituents at the silicon atom favours the monomeric structure found in complexes 3 and 5. The short Ir-Si bond distances (2.25-2.28 Å) indicate some degree of base-stabilized silylene character of the Ir-Si bond in 3, 5 and 6 assisted by the 2-pyridone moiety. However, the shortening of these Ir-Si bonds might be a consequence of the constrained 2-pyridone geometry, and consequently the silyl character of these bonds can not be excluded. A DFT theoretical study on the nature of the Ir-Si bonds has been performed for complex 3 as well as for four other iridium complexes finding representative examples of different bonding situations between Ir and Si atoms: silylene, base-assisted silylene (both with an anionic base and with a neutral base), and silyl bonds, using the topological properties of the electron charge density. The results of these studies show that the Ir-Si bonds in Ir-NSiiPr2 complexes can be considered as an intermediate between the base-stabilized silylene and silyl cases, and therefore they have been proposed as 2-pyridone-stabilized iridium silylene/silyl bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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3
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He G, Wu L, Bai W, Chen J, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Lin Z, Jia G. Synthesis and Reactivities of Polyhydrido Osmium Arylsilyl Complexes Prepared from OsH 3Cl(PPh 3) 3. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guomei He
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Bai
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangxi Chen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Herman H. Y. Sung
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Cui P, Babbini DC, Iluc VM. C–H activation of ethers by pyridine tethered PCsp3P-type iridium complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:10007-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00303f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An iridium complex supported by a PCPyP ligand featuring an internal pyridine tether showed selective mono-C–H activation of ethers, which represent intermediates in the synthesis of the corresponding Fischer carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Dominic C. Babbini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Vlad M. Iluc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
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5
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Ray M, Nakao Y, Sato H, Sakaki S, Watanabe T, Hashimoto H, Tobita H. Experimental and Theoretical Study of a Tungsten Dihydride Silyl Complex: New Insight into Its Bonding Nature and Fluxional Behavior. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100653v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mausumi Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Nakao
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | | | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Ushinomiya-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takahito Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hisako Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tobita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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6
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Jungton AK, Meltzer A, Präsang C, Braun T, Driess M, Penner A. Addition of [(η5-C5Me5)IrH4] to a zwitterionic silylene: stepwise formation of iridium(v)-silyl and iridium(iii)-silylene complexes. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:5436-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Sangtrirutnugul P, Tilley TD. Silyl Derivatives of [Bis(8-quinolyl)methylsilyl]iridium(III) Complexes: Catalytic Redistribution of Arylsilanes and Dehydrogenative Arene Silylation. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om700494q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeyanuch Sangtrirutnugul
- Department of Chemistry and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNDOS), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNDOS), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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8
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Ray M, Nakao Y, Sato H, Sakaba H, Sakaki S. Silapropargyl/Silaallenyl and Silylene Acetylide Complexes of [Cp(CO)2W]+. Theoretical Study of Their Interesting Bonding Nature and Formation Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:11927-39. [PMID: 16953634 DOI: 10.1021/ja0625374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The geometry and bonding nature of Cp(CO)(2)W(CCH)(SiH(2)) (1) and the reaction leading to the formation of 1 from Cp(CO)(2)W(SiH(2)C triple bond CH)(9) were theoretically investigated with DFT, MP2 to MP4(SDTQ), and CCSD(T) methods, where 9 and 1 were adopted as models of the interesting new complexes reported recently, Cp*(CO)(2)W(Si(Ph)(2)C triple bond C(t)Bu) and Cp*(CO)(2)W(C triple bond C(t)Bu)(SiPh(2)), respectively. Our computational results clearly indicate that 1 involves neither a pure silacyclopropenyl group nor pure silylene and acetylide groups and that the silylene group strongly interacts with both the W center and the acetylide group. Frontier orbitals of 1 resemble those observed in the formation of silacyclopropene from silylene and acetylene. The frontier orbitals, as well as the geometry, indicate that the (CCH)(SiH(2)) moiety of 1 can be understood in terms of an interesting intermediate species trapped by the W center in that formation reaction. Complex 1 is easily formed from 9 through Si-C sigma-bond activation with moderate activation barriers of 15.3, 18.8, and 15.8 kcal/mol, which are the DFT-, MP4(SDTQ)-, and CCSD(T)-calculated values, respectively. This reaction takes place without a change of the oxidation state of the W center. Intermediate 9 is easily formed from Cp(CO)(2)W(Me)(H(3)SiC triple bond CH) via Si-H oxidative addition, followed by C-H reductive elimination. The bonding nature of 9 is also very interesting; the nonbonding pi-orbital of the H(2)SiCCH moiety is essentially the same as that of the propargyl group, but the pi-conjugation between Si and C atoms is very weak in the pi-orbital, unlike that in the propargyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mausumi Ray
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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9
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Simons RS, Panzner MJ, Tessier CA, Youngs WJ. Formation of a sterically crowded iridium(III)-silyl complex from the bulky terphenyl silane H3Si(C6H3Mes2-2,6). J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(03)00629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Abstract
In 1987, two research groups published the first-ever reports on the synthesis of silylene complexes and presented structural evidence. Since then, a range of synthetic methods have been developed and a number of silylene complexes have been prepared. In 1988, we reported on the first base-stabilized bis(silylene) complexes that can be regarded as being masked silyl(silylene) complexes. These complexes occupy a unique position among silylene and silyl(silylene) complexes in that they provide a convenient tool for studying the reactivity of coordinated silylenes. They are stable enough to be isolated, but the bond between the silylene silicon atom and the internal base can easily be cleaved by thermal perturbation to generate real silyl(silylene) complexes. To date, a number of base-stabilized bis(silylene) complexes have been prepared in which the central metals range from group 5 to group 9. Only two base-free silyl(silylene) complexes have been prepared. One is prepared by reacting a platinum complex with a stable silylene; the other is produced by the photolysis of a tungsten complex in the presence of a hydrodisilane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ogino
- Miyagi Study Center, The University of the Air, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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11
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Simons RS, Gallucci JC, Tessier CA, Youngs WJ. Synthesis and characterization of the sterically hindered iridium(III)–silyl complex: (Et3P)3(H)2Ir[Si(H)Cl(C6H3-Mes2-2,6)] and the generation of the cationic iridium(III)-silylene complex: [(Et3P)3(H)2IrSi(H)(C6H3-Mes2-2,6)][B(C6F5)4]. J Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Sakaba H, Tsukamoto M, Hirata T, Kabuto C, Horino H. Synthesis, Structure, and Silylene Exchange Reaction of Base-Stabilized Hydrido(silylene)tungsten Complexes and Rearrangement of Hydrosilyl(pyridine)tungsten Complexes to the Base-Stabilized Hydrido(silylene) Complexes via 1,2-Hydrogen Migration. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja993279w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sakaba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masanori Tsukamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hirata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Chizuko Kabuto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Horino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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13
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Esteruelas MA, Oro LA. Iridium and rhodium complexes with tetrafluorobenzobarrelene diolefins. Coord Chem Rev 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(99)00082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Chen W, Esteruelas MA, Herrero J, Lahoz FJ, Martín M, Oñate E, Oro LA. Synthesis, X-ray Structure, and Catalytic Activity of the Unusual Complex [Ir(TFB)(PiPr3)2]BF4 (TFB = Tetrafluorobenzobarrelene). Organometallics 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/om970688x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhi Chen
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain, and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005-Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain, and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005-Santander, Spain
| | - Juana Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain, and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005-Santander, Spain
| | - Fernando J. Lahoz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain, and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005-Santander, Spain
| | - Marta Martín
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain, and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005-Santander, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain, and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005-Santander, Spain
| | - Luis A. Oro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain, and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005-Santander, Spain
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15
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Wanandi PW, Tilley TD. Osmium Alkyl and Silyl Derivatives with Cyclopentadienyl(phosphine) and Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl(phosphine) Ligand Sets. Organometallics 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/om9704197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulus W. Wanandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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16
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Chen W, Esteruelas MA, Martín M, Oliván M, Oro LA. Reactions of IrXL2(PR3)(X = Cl, OTf; L2= TFB, 2CO) with HSnR3(R = Ph, nBu). J Organomet Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(96)06928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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