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Application of Heteronuclear NMR Spectroscopy to Bioinorganic and Medicinal Chemistry ☆. REFERENCE MODULE IN CHEMISTRY, MOLECULAR SCIENCES AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [PMCID: PMC7157447 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.10947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Piou T, Romanov-Michailidis F, Romanova-Michaelides M, Jackson KE, Semakul N, Taggart TD, Newell BS, Rithner CD, Paton RS, Rovis T. Correlating Reactivity and Selectivity to Cyclopentadienyl Ligand Properties in Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation Reactions: An Experimental and Computational Study. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1296-1310. [PMID: 28060499 PMCID: PMC5545783 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CpXRh(III)-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions are a proven method for the efficient assembly of small molecules. However, rationalization of the effects of cyclopentadienyl (CpX) ligand structure on reaction rate and selectivity has been viewed as a black box, and a truly systematic study is lacking. Consequently, predicting the outcomes of these reactions is challenging because subtle variations in ligand structure can cause notable changes in reaction behavior. A predictive tool is, nonetheless, of considerable value to the community as it would greatly accelerate reaction development. Designing a data set in which the steric and electronic properties of the CpXRh(III) catalysts were systematically varied allowed us to apply multivariate linear regression algorithms to establish correlations between these catalyst-based descriptors and the regio-, diastereoselectivity, and rate of model reactions. This, in turn, led to the development of quantitative predictive models that describe catalyst performance. Our newly described cone angles and Sterimol parameters for CpX ligands served as highly correlative steric descriptors in the regression models. Through rational design of training and validation sets, key diastereoselectivity outliers were identified. Computations reveal the origins of the outstanding stereoinduction displayed by these outliers. The results are consistent with partial η5-η3 ligand slippage that occurs in the transition state of the selectivity-determining step. In addition to the instructive value of our study, we believe that the insights gained are transposable to other group 9 transition metals and pave the way toward rational design of C-H functionalization catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Piou
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Fedor Romanov-Michailidis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | | | - Kelvin E. Jackson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Natthawat Semakul
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Trevor D. Taggart
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Brian S. Newell
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | | | - Robert S. Paton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Mampa RM, Fernandes MA, Carlton L. Iron-57 NMR and Structural Study of [Fe(η5-Cp)(SnPh3)(CO)(PR3)] (PR3 = Phosphine, Phosphite). Separation of Steric and Electronic σ and π Effects. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om4011593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Mampa
- Molecular
Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, Republic of South Africa
| | - Manuel A. Fernandes
- Molecular
Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, Republic of South Africa
| | - Laurence Carlton
- Molecular
Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, Republic of South Africa
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Egorochkin AN, Kuznetsova OV, Khamaletdinova NM, Kurskii YA. NMR spectroscopy on heavy nuclei of transition metal complexes. The role of polarization effect. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363211120061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hatanaka T, Ohki Y, Tatsumi K. CH Bond Activation/Borylation of Furans and Thiophenes Catalyzed by a Half-Sandwich Iron N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:1657-66. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Oña-Burgos P, Casimiro M, Fernández I, Navarro AV, Fernández Sánchez JF, Carretero AS, Gutiérrez AF. Octahedral iron(ii) phthalocyanine complexes: multinuclear NMR and relevance as NO2 chemical sensors. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6231-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b924429h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Egorochkin AN, Kuznetsova OV, Khamaletdinova NM, Kurskii YA, Domratcheva-Lvova LG, Domrachev GA. Transition metal NMR chemical shifts and polarizability effect in organometallic complexes. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2009; 47:782-790. [PMID: 19557731 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The literature data on substituent influence on the (51)V, (55)Mn, (57)Fe, (59)Co, (61)Ni, (95)Mo, (103)Rh, (183)W, (187)Os and (195)Pt NMR chemical shifts (delta) and on J (M, P; M = Mn, Fe, Mo, Rh, W, Os) coupling constants have been analyzed for 30 series of the organometallic complexes. It has been established for the first time that the delta and J values depend on the inductive, resonance and polarizability effects of substituents. The polarizability effect is caused by the partial charge on the central M atom. The contribution of this effect ranges from 3 to 86%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N Egorochkin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin Str., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Ronconi L, Sadler PJ. Applications of heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy in biological and medicinal inorganic chemistry. Coord Chem Rev 2008; 252:2239-2277. [PMID: 32226090 PMCID: PMC7094630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a wide range of potential applications of inorganic compounds, and metal coordination complexes in particular, in medicine but progress is hampered by a lack of methods to study their speciation. The biological activity of metal complexes is determined by the metal itself, its oxidation state, the types and number of coordinated ligands and their strength of binding, the geometry of the complex, redox potential and ligand exchange rates. For organic drugs a variety of readily observed spin I = 1/2 nuclei can be used (1H, 13C, 15N, 19F, 31P), but only a few metals fall into this category. Most are quadrupolar nuclei giving rise to broad lines with low detection sensitivity (for biological systems). However we show that, in some cases, heteronuclear NMR studies can provide new insights into the biological and medicinal chemistry of a range of elements and these data will stimulate further advances in this area.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AES, atomic emission spectroscopy
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BNCT, boron neutron capture therapy
- BPG, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- BSH, sodium borocaptate
- Bioinorganic chemistry
- Biological systems
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- EDTA-N4, ethylenediaminetetraacetamide
- EFG, electric field gradient
- GMP, guanosine monophosphate
- HMQC, heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation
- Heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy
- Im, imidazole
- In, indazole
- MQF, multiple quantum filtered
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- Medicinal inorganic chemistry
- Metallopharmaceuticals
- NOE, nuclear Overhauser effect
- PET, positron emission tomography
- Quadrupolar nuclei
- RBC, red blood cell
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid
- tRNA, transfer ribonucleic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ronconi
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Minakawa M, Takenaka K, Uozumi Y. Pd Pincer Complex as a Probe To Index the Coordination Ability of Various Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Stchedroff MJ, Moberg V, Rodriguez E, Aliev AE, Böttcher J, Steed JW, Nordlander E, Monari M, Deeming AJ. Synthesis, characterisation and natural abundance 187Os NMR spectroscopy of hydride bridged triosmium clusters with chiral diphosphine ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Llewellyn SA, Green MLH, Green JC, Cowley AR. Migratory insertion in N-heterocyclic carbene-containing Fe carbonyl complexes: an experimental and theoretical study. Dalton Trans 2006:2535-41. [PMID: 16718337 DOI: 10.1039/b516328e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The compound [Fe(eta-C5H5)(CO)2(Me)] reacts thermally with N-heterocyclic carbenes (L) to give both alkyl, [Fe(eta-C5H5)(L)(CO)(Me)], and acyl, [Fe(eta-C5H5)(L)(CO)(COMe)], derivatives. The reaction temperature has been shown to affect the product distribution. The alkyl and acyl derivatives exist in an equilibrium that is more easily perturbed than in the tertiary phosphine analogues. DFT studies on the reactivity of [Fe(eta-C5H5)(CO)2(Me)] with PH3 and dihydroimidazole-2-ylidene (IH) have shown that CO exchange is energetically favoured for IH, and energetically disfavoured for PH3. The products of CO-induced migratory insertion, [Fe(eta-C5H5)(L)(CO)(COMe)], are more stable than the parent alkyl, [Fe(eta-C5H5)(L)(CO)(Me)], compounds. This stabilisation is larger when L = IH than when L = PH3. Stabilisation of the transition state by agostic interactions was seen in both instances, but this was significantly more pronounced for L = IH.
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Damoense L, Datt M, Green M, Steenkamp C. Recent advances in high-pressure infrared and NMR techniques for the determination of catalytically active species in rhodium- and cobalt-catalysed hydroformylation reactions. Coord Chem Rev 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Grigoleit S, Bühl M. Thermal Effects and Vibrational Corrections to Transition Metal NMR Chemical Shifts. Chemistry 2004; 10:5541-52. [PMID: 15457510 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Both zero-point and classical thermal effects on the chemical shift of transition metals have been calculated at appropriate levels of density functional theory for a number of complexes of titanium, vanadium, manganese and iron. The zero-point effects were computed by applying a perturbational approach, whereas classical thermal effects were probed by Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations. The systematic investigation shows that both procedures lead to a deshielding of the magnetic shielding constants evaluated at the GIAO-B3 LYP level, which in general also leads to a downfield shift in the relative chemical shifts, delta. The effect is small for the titanium and vanadium complexes, where it is typically on the order of a few dozen ppm, and is larger for the manganese and iron complexes, where it can amount to several hundred ppm. Zero-point corrections are usually smaller than the classical thermal effect. The pronounced downfield shift is due to the sensitivity of the shielding of the metal centre with regard to the metal-ligand bond length, which increase upon vibrational averaging. Both applied methods improve the accuracy of the chemical shifts in some cases, but not in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Grigoleit
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Wrackmeyer B, Tok OL, Herberhold M. 57Fe NMR of Ferrocenes by 1H−57Fe INEPT Techniques. Organometallics 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/om010756m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Wrackmeyer
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Oleg L. Tok
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Max Herberhold
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Thornberry MP, Slebodnick C, Deck PA, Fronczek FR. Structural and Electronic Effects of Pentafluorophenyl Substituents on Cyclopentadienyl Complexes of Fe, Co, Mn, and Re1. Organometallics 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/om000798v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Slebodnick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212
| | - Paul A. Deck
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212
| | - Frank R. Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804
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Gaemers S, van Slageren J, O'Connor CM, Vos JG, Hage R, Elsevier CJ. 99Ru NMR Spectroscopy of Organometallic and Coordination Complexes of Ruthenium(II). Organometallics 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/om990477n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sander Gaemers
- Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School of Chemical Sciences, Inorganic Chemistry Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, and Unilever Research Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School of Chemical Sciences, Inorganic Chemistry Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, and Unilever Research Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine M. O'Connor
- Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School of Chemical Sciences, Inorganic Chemistry Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, and Unilever Research Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. Vos
- Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School of Chemical Sciences, Inorganic Chemistry Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, and Unilever Research Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Hage
- Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School of Chemical Sciences, Inorganic Chemistry Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, and Unilever Research Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J. Elsevier
- Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School of Chemical Sciences, Inorganic Chemistry Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, and Unilever Research Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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Bühl M. Korrelation zwischen
51
V‐chemischer Verschiebung und Reaktivität für die Ethylen‐Polymerisation bei Oxovanadium(
V
)‐Katalysatoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19980116)110:1/2<153::aid-ange153>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bühl
- Organisch‐chemisches Institut der Universität, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH‐8057 Zürich (Schweiz), Telefax: Int.+1/635 6812
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Bühl M. Density functional computations of transition metal NMR chemical shifts: dramatic effects of Hartree-Fock exchange. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bühl M. Substituent Effects on 103Rh NMR Chemical Shifts and Reactivities. A Density Functional Study. Organometallics 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/om960615y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bühl
- Organisch-chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 192, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Gisler A, Schaade M, Meier EJ, Linden A, von Philipsborn W. 187Os, 31P and 17O NMR study of carbonylated and alkylated (p-cymene)OsI (L)PR3 complexes. J Organomet Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(97)00376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Deck PA, Jackson WF, Fronczek FR. Synthesis of Pentafluorophenyl-Substituted Cyclopentadienes and Their Use as Transition-Metal Ligands. Organometallics 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/om9608216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Deck
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212
| | - Woodward F. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212
| | - Frank R. Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804
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Bell AG, Koźmiński W, Linden A, von Philipsborn W. 187Os NMR Study of (η6-Arene)osmium(II) Complexes: Separation of Electronic and Steric Ligand Effects. Organometallics 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/om960053i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Bell
- Organisch-chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wiktor Koźmiński
- Organisch-chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Organisch-chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang von Philipsborn
- Organisch-chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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