1
|
Petrus R, Kowaliński A, Lis T. Recycling primary lithium batteries using a coordination chemistry approach: recovery of lithium and manganese residues in the form of industrially important materials. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7450-7469. [PMID: 38592737 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the potential use of post-consumer primary lithium metal batteries (LMBs) commonly used in portable electronic devices to recover lithium and manganese in the form of industrially important materials. A direct reaction of lithium-containing electronic waste with a naturally sourced ester, methyl salicylate, combined with a wide range of aliphatic alcohols has been used as a general method for recovering lithium in the form of lithium aryloxides of different nuclearities [Li(OAr)(HOMe)2] (1), [Li(OAr)(HOAr)] (2), [Li(OAr)(HOEt)]2 (3), [Li(OAr)(H2O)]2 (4), [Li4(OAr)4(EGME)2] (5), [Li6(OAr)6] (6-8) for ArOH = methyl salicylate (1, 2, 4, 6), ethyl salicylate (3, 7), 2-methoxyethyl salicylate (5, 8), and EGME = 2-methoxyethanol. The hydrolysis of 7 was then used to synthesize lithium salicylate [Li(Sal)(H2O)]n (10), which is an important antioxidant in the production of oils and grease. The discharged cathode material of Li-MnO2 batteries was investigated as a source from which LiClO4, Li2CO3, LiMn2O4, and Mn2O3 can be recovered by means of water-alcohol extraction or calcination. Particular emphasis was placed on the detailed characterization of all battery components and their decomposition products. LMBs were completely recycled for the first time, and materials were recovered from the cathode and the anode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Petrus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 23 Smoluchowskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Adrian Kowaliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 23 Smoluchowskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Preda AM, Schneider WB, Rainer M, Rüffer T, Schaarschmidt D, Lang H, Mehring M. Heteroaryl bismuthines: a novel synthetic concept and metalπ heteroarene interactions. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:8269-8278. [PMID: 28617492 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01437f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The alkoxide Bi[OCMe2(2-C4H3S)]3 (1) is formed by the reaction of three equiv. of the alcohol HOCMe2(2-C4H3S) with Bi(OtBu)3 and subsequent hydrolysis provides the bismuth oxido cluster [Bi4O2{OCMe2(2-C4H3S)}8] (2). In contrast, the reaction of Bi(OtBu)3 and Bi[N(SiMe3)2]3 with the silanols HOSiMe2(2-C4H3X) (X = O, S, Se, and NMe), HOSiMe2(2-C4H2S-5-SiMe3) and HOSiMe2(3-C4H3S) leads to the formation of tris(heteroaryl)bismuthines Bi(2-C4H2X-5-R)3 [where X = O, R = H (3); X = S, R = H (4); X = S, R = SiMe3 (5); X = NMe, R = H (6); X = Se, R = H (7)] and Bi(3-C4H3S)3 (8). For the silanols, bismuth-carbon bond formation is observed rather than silanol-alcoholate or silanol-amide exchange. The structures of compounds 1, 2, and 4-7a in the solid state were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction and all compounds except 5 show London dispersion type bismuthπ heteroarene interactions. For the bismuthine Bi(2-C4H3Se)3 (7), two polymorphs were isolated depending on the conditions of crystallization. At 8 °C, polymorph I (7a) crystallizes from an n-hexane solution in the triclinic space group P1[combining macron], whereas polymorph II (7b) crystallizes at 20 °C from a CH2Cl2/n-pentane solution in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The heteroaryl bismuthines 3 and 4 exhibit 2D network structures as a result of bismuthπ heteroarene interactions, whereas for the pyrrole derivative 6 the dispersion type interactions provide separated dimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Preda
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khartabil HK, Martins-Costa MTC, Gros PC, Fort Y, Ruiz-López MF. Structure of Mixed Alkyllithium/Lithium Alkoxide Aggregates in Ethereal Solvents. Insights from Combined QM/MM Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:6459-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809211y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K. Khartabil
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marilia T. C. Martins-Costa
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe C. Gros
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Yves Fort
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Manuel F. Ruiz-López
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Meyer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34–36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roman Rüttinger
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34–36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34–36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engesserstrasse 15, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rajeswaran M, Begley WJ, Olson LP, Huo S. Steric effects of substituted quinolines on lithium coordination geometry. Polyhedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2007.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Frenzel C, Hey-hawkins E. BENZOPHENONE OXIDATION OF PRIMARY LITHIUM PHOSPHANIDES TO CYCLOOLIGOPHOSPHANES WITH FORMATION OF LITHIUM DIPHENYLMETHANOLATE. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509808045480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Frenzel
- a Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie der Universität Leipzig, Institut fur Anorganische Chemie , Talstrasse 35, D-04103 , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-hawkins
- a Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie der Universität Leipzig, Institut fur Anorganische Chemie , Talstrasse 35, D-04103 , Leipzig , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Goldfuss B, Steigelmann M, Löschmann T, Schilling G, Rominger F. A dispensable methoxy group? Phenyl fencholate as a chiral modifier of n-butyllithium. Chemistry 2006; 11:4019-23. [PMID: 15861473 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phenyl fenchol forms a 3:1 aggregate with n-butyllithium (3-BuLi), showing unique lithium-HC agostic interactions both in toluene solution (1H,7Li-HOESY) and in the solid state (X-ray analysis). Although methoxy-lithium coordination is characteristic for many mixed aggregates of anisyl fencholates with n-butyllithium, endo-methyl coordination to lithium ions compensates for the missing methoxy groups in 3-BuLi. This gives rise to a different orientation of the fenchane moiety, encapsulating and chirally modifying the butylide unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Goldfuss
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Steudel Y, Wong MW, Steudel R. Electrophilic Attack on Sulfur-Sulfur Bonds: Coordination of Lithium Cations to Sulfur-Rich Molecules Studied by Ab Initio MO Methods. Chemistry 2005; 11:1281-93. [PMID: 15627950 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Complex formation between gaseous Li+ ions and sulfur-containing neutral ligands, such as H2S, Me2Sn (n = 1-5; Me = CH3) and various isomers of hexasulfur (S6), has been studied by ab initio MO calculations at the G3X(MP2) level of theory. Generally, the formation of LiS(n) heterocycles and clusters is preferred in these reactions. The binding energies of the cation in the 29 complexes investigated range from -88 kJ mol(-1) for [H2SLi]+ to -189 kJ mol(-1) for the most stable isomer of [Me2S5Li]+ which contains three-coordinate Li+. Of the various S6 ligands (chair, boat, prism, branched ring, and triplet chain structures), two isomeric complexes containing the S5==S ligand have the highest binding energies (-163+/-1 kJ mol(-1)). However, the global minimum structure of [LiS6]+ is of C(3v) symmetry with the six-membered S(6) homocycle in the well-known chair conformation and three Li--S bonds with a length of 256 pm (binding energy: -134 kJ mol(-1)). Relatively unstable isomers of S6 are stabilized by complex formation with Li+. The interaction between the cation and the S6 ligands is mainly attributed to ion-dipole attraction with a little charge transfer, except in cations containing the six sulfur atoms in the form of separated neutral S2, S3, or S4 units, as in [Li(S3)2]+ and [Li(S2)(S4)]+. In the two most stable isomers of the [LiS6]+ complexes, the number of S--S bonds is at maximum and the coordination number of Li+ is either 3 or 4. A topological analysis of all investigated complexes revealed that the Li--S bonds of lengths below 280 pm are characterized by a maximum electron-density path and closed-shell interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Steudel
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Solution structures of chiral lithium amides with internal sulfide coordination: sulfide versus ether coordination in chiral lithium amides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2003.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Somers KRF, Kryachko ES, Ceulemans A. Theoretical Study of Alkali Metal Pyrrolides in Comparison with nH−Pyrrole. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022382w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken R. F. Somers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eugene S. Kryachko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnout Ceulemans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Al-Masri HT, Sieler J, Hey-Hawkins E. Synthesis and characterization of novel chelated dimethylamino lithium alkoxides: molecular structures of [1-LiOC(C6H11)2-2-NMe2C6H4]2 and [1-LiOCPh2CH2-2-NMe2C6H4]2. Appl Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
12
|
Sadimenko AP. Organometallic compounds of furan, thiophene, and their benzannulated derivatives. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(01)78002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
13
|
Salai Cheettu Ammal S, Venuvanalingam P. Origin and Nature of Lithium and Hydrogen Bonds to Oxygen, Sulfur, and Selenium. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001283k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Venuvanalingam
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dinger MB, Scott MJ. Alkali salts of C3-symmetric, linked aryloxides: selective binding of substrates with metal aggregates. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:1238-54. [PMID: 12526416 DOI: 10.1021/ic991309q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The lithium, sodium, and potassium salts of tris(3,5-dialkyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methanes (tert-butyl, tert-pentyl, methyl) have been prepared by reaction of the triarylmethane with n-butyllithium, sodium hydride, and potassium hydride, respectively. These compounds are all hexanuclear aggregates composed of two triarylmethane units. Whereas the lithium salt is compact and cannot bind oxygen-donor solvent molecules, the sodium and potassium systems have vacant coordination sites that can interact with solvents. For the sodium compounds, the solvent can be subsequently removed, and the resulting coordinatively unsaturated compounds have been shown to selectively bind oxygen-donor substrates (ethers, aldehydes, and ketones) of suitable size and shape. The paper reports the synthesis and characterization of these novel compounds, including thirteen crystal structures of the salts and their adducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Dinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eguiburu JL, Fernandez-Berridi MJ, Cossío FP, Román JS. Ring-Opening Polymerization of l-Lactide Initiated by (2-Methacryloxy)ethyloxy−Aluminum Trialkoxides. 1. Kinetics. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma990445b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Eguiburu
- Dpto. de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Facultad de Química, UPV, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M. J. Fernandez-Berridi
- Dpto. de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Facultad de Química, UPV, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - F. P. Cossío
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, UPV, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. San Román
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Harder S, Lutz M, Obert SJ. Crystal Structure of a Silicon-Bridged Anionic Sodocene Complex: Evidence for Alkene−Na+ π-Bonding. Organometallics 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/om980919f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Harder
- Universität Konstanz, Postfach 5560, M738, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martin Lutz
- Universität Konstanz, Postfach 5560, M738, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stephan J. Obert
- Universität Konstanz, Postfach 5560, M738, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|