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Kim J, Egger DT, Frye CW, Beaumier EP, Tonks IA. Cp 2Ti(II) Mediated Rearrangement of Cyclopropyl Imines. Organometallics 2023; 42:1331-1338. [PMID: 37915831 PMCID: PMC10619969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Ti-catalyzed oxidative alkyne carboamination with alkenes and azo compounds can yield either α,β-unsaturated imines or cyclopropyl imines through a common azatitanacyclohexene intermediate. Herein, we report the synthesis of a model azatitanacyclohexene complex (3) through the ring-opening of a cyclopropyl imine with Cp2Ti(BTMSA) (BTMSA = bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene). 3 readily undergoes thermal or reductant-catalyzed ring contraction to an azatitanacyclopentene (4), analogous to the proposed mechanism for forming α,β-unsaturated imines in the catalytic reaction. A cyclopropyl imine or an α,β-unsaturated imine could be liberated via the oxidation of 3 or 4 with azobenzene, respectively, further implicating the role of these metallacycles in the Ti-catalyzed carboamination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Dominic T. Egger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Connor W. Frye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Evan P. Beaumier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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2
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Fischer M, Manßen M, Schmidtmann M, Klüner T, Beckhaus R. Selective propargylic C(sp 3)-H activation of methyl-substituted alkynes versus [2 + 2] cycloaddition at a titanium imido template. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13711-13718. [PMID: 34760155 PMCID: PMC8549805 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of the titanium imido complex 1b with 2-butyne leads to the formation of the titanium azadiene complex 2a at ambient temperature instead of yielding the archetypical [2 + 2] cycloaddition product (titanaazacyclobutene) which is usually obtained by combining titanium imido complexes and internal alkynes. The formation of 2a is presumably caused by an initial propargylic C(sp3)–H activation step and quantum chemical calculations suggest that the outcome of this unexpected reactivity is thermodynamically favored. The previously reported titanaazacyclobutene I (which is obtained by reacting 1b with 1-phenyl-1-propyne) undergoes a rearrangement reaction at elevated temperature to give the corresponding five-membered titanium azadiene complex 2b. An unexpected reactivity between a titanium imido complex and internal alkynes was unveiled yielding titanaazacyclobutenes instead of the expected [2 + 2] cycloaddition products.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Fischer
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK .,Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Postfach 2503 D-26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Manfred Manßen
- Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany .,Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Postfach 2503 D-26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Postfach 2503 D-26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Thorsten Klüner
- Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Postfach 2503 D-26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Postfach 2503 D-26111 Oldenburg Germany
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3
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Fischer M, Schmidtmann M, Beckhaus R. Crystal structure of the η 4-ketimine titanium complex (di-phenyl-amido-κ N){3-methyl-6-[(4-methyl-phen-yl)(phenyl-aza-nid-yl)methyl-idene]cyclo-hexa-2,4-dien-1-yl-κ 2N, C1}(η 5-penta-methyl-cyclo-penta-dien-yl)titanium(IV). Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:34-37. [PMID: 29416886 PMCID: PMC5778480 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989017017455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mol-ecular structure of the title titanium(IV) half-sandwich complex, [Ti(η5-C10H15)(η4-C21H19N)(C12H10N)], shows a three-legged piano-stool geometry at the central TiIV atom, comprising of one penta-methyl-cyclo-penta-dienyl ligand, one bidentate ketimine ligand in an η4-coordination mode and one monodentate di-phenyl-amide ligand. Except for van der Waals forces, there are no significant inter-molecular inter-actions in the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Fischer
- Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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4
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Manßen M, Kahrs C, Töben I, Bölte JH, Schmidtmann M, Beckhaus R. From Five to Seven: Ring Expansion of Monoazadiene Titanium Complexes by Insertion of Aldehydes, Ketones and Nitriles. Chemistry 2017; 23:15827-15833. [PMID: 28914461 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Manßen
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Christoph Kahrs
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Iris Töben
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Jens-Henning Bölte
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
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5
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Fischer M, Schmidtmann M, Beckhaus R. From Five to Five: Titanium Ketimine Complexes with Monoaza-butadiene η4-Coordination Mode and Hidden η2-Imine Reactivity. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Fischer
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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6
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Manßen M, Töben I, Kahrs C, Bölte JH, Schmidtmann M, Beckhaus R. Reactions of Secondary Allylamines with Bis(η5:η1-pentafulvene)titanium Complexes: Selective Formation of Monoazabutadiene Titanium Complexes by N–H and C–H Bond Activation. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Manßen
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Iris Töben
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Christoph Kahrs
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Jens-Henning Bölte
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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7
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Loose F, Plettenberg I, Haase D, Saak W, Schmidtmann M, Schäfer A, Müller T, Beckhaus R. Aromatic Imines in the Titanocene Coordination Sphere—Titanaaziridine vs 1-Aza-2-titanacyclopent-4-ene Structures. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500750y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Loose
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Inka Plettenberg
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Detlev Haase
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Wolfgang Saak
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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8
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Zhang J, Krause JA, Huang KW, Guan H. Ancillary Ligand and Ketone Substituent Effects on the Rate of Ketone Insertion into Zr−C Bonds of Zirconocene−1-Aza-1,3-diene Complexes. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900142c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, and National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, and National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, and National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Hairong Guan
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, and National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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9
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Skatova AA, Fedushkin IL, Maslova OV, Hummert M, Schumann H. Synthesis and structures of new conformationally rigid 1-aza-1,3-dienes of the acenaphthene series. Russ Chem Bull 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-007-0360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Hamaki H, Takeda N, Tokitoh N. Nucleophilic attack toward group 4 metal complexes bearing reactive 1-Aza-1,3-butadienyl and imido moieties. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:1795-802. [PMID: 17263525 DOI: 10.1021/ic0620844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unique (1-aza-2-butenyl)titanium complexes bearing a phosphonium ylide moiety [Ti=NTbt{C(Me)(PR3)CH=C(Me)N(Mes)}Cl] (3-5, Tbt = 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl, Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) were formed by the nucleophilic attack of PMe3, P(n-Bu)3, and 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane (dmpe) toward the corresponding (1-aza-1,3-butadienyl)titanium complex, [Ti=NTbt{C(Me)CHC(Me)N(Mes)}(mu-Cl)2Li(tmeda)] (2a). The reaction of a lithium beta-diketiminate, [Li{N(Tbt)C(Me)CHC(Me)N(Mes)}] (1) with [TiIICl2(dmpe)2] also resulted in the formation of the same complex 5. Density functional theory calculation indicated that the negative charge of the model molecule of 3 was slightly delocalized to the C3N plane. In addition, the calculation of the model molecule of 2a suggested the electrophilicity of 2a at the carbon atom connecting to the titanium atom. Interestingly, the reaction of zirconium and hafnium analogues (2b and 2c) with PMe3 and dmpe did not proceed. In contrast to the cases of phosphine reagents, pyridine which was found to undergo the nucleophilic attack toward the titanium center of 2a gave the pyridine-coordinated titanium-imide [Ti=NTbt{C(Me)CHC(Me)N(Mes)}Cl(py)] (7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hamaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto
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11
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Michael FE, Duncan AP, Sweeney ZK, Bergman* RG. Rearrangements and stereomutations of metallacycles derived from allenes and imidozirconium complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:1752-64. [PMID: 15701010 PMCID: PMC1444910 DOI: 10.1021/ja045607k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the rearrangements and stereoinversion of azametallacyclobutenes generated via [2+2] cycloaddition of allenes and imidozirconium complexes have been studied. Metallacycles derived from allenes bearing beta-hydrogen atoms racemize at room temperature by reversible beta-hydride elimination, a process which is also responsible for their eventual conversion to monoazadiene complexes. Metallacycles derived from diarylallenes racemize by reversible thermal bond homolysis at 95 degrees C; racemization of these metallacycles is also catalyzed by mild oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest E. Michael
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Andrew P. Duncan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Zachary K. Sweeney
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Robert G. Bergman*
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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13
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Scholz J, Kahlert S, Görls H. Synthesis and Structure of the First Homoleptic 1-Aza-1,3-diene Titanium Complex: A Tightrope Walk between Ligand Coordination and Ligand Coupling. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om0341956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Scholz
- Institute of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany, Bayer AG, CH-P-PSA, Building N60, D-47812 Krefeld, Germany, and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Steffen Kahlert
- Institute of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany, Bayer AG, CH-P-PSA, Building N60, D-47812 Krefeld, Germany, and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany, Bayer AG, CH-P-PSA, Building N60, D-47812 Krefeld, Germany, and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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14
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Scholz J, Görls H. α-H Elimination from Homoleptic Bis(1-aza-1,3-diene)titanium: Formation of a New Metallacyclic Titanium Alkylidene Complex. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om034172r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Scholz
- Institute of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany, and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany, and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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15
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Matsuo Y, Mashima K, Tani K. Half-Metallocene 1-Aza-1,3-butadiene Complexes of Tantalum: Auxiliary Ligand Effects on Controlling Coordination Modes of 1-Aza-1,3-butadiene Ligand. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2002. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.75.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Nakamura A, Mashima K. ‘Supine’ or ‘prone’ ligands: geometric preference of conjugated diene, 1-azadiene, and 1,4-diazadiene ligands on half-metallocene complexes of early transition metals. J Organomet Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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New Transformations from a 3-Silyloxy 2-Aza-1,3-diene: Consecutive Zr-Mediated Retro-Brook Rearrangement and Reactions with Electrophiles. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Gandon V, Bertus P, Szymoniak J. Reaction of 3-trimethylsilyloxy-2-aza-1,3-dienes with zirconocene: a transition metal promoted retro-Brook rearrangement. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Walther D, Fugger C, Görls H. 1-Azadienes as bridging ligands in nickel(0) complexes of the type [(1-aza-1.3-diene)Ni(L)]2 (L=1-aza-1.3-diene, alkyne, triphenylphosphine). J Organomet Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(99)00654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Mashima K, Matsuo Y, Nakahara S, Tani K. 1-Aza-1,3-butadiene complexes of tantalum: preparation and alkylation of TaCl2(η5-C5Me5)(η4-1-aza-1,3-butadiene). J Organomet Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(99)00393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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