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Sergeieva T, Demirer TI, Wuttke A, Mata RA, Schäfer A, Linker GJ, Andrada DM. Revisiting the origin of the bending in group 2 metallocenes AeCp 2 (Ae = Be-Ba). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37482883 PMCID: PMC10395002 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05020j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Metallocenes are well-established compounds in organometallic chemistry, and can exhibit either a coplanar structure or a bent structure according to the nature of the metal center (E) and the cyclopentadienyl ligands (Cp). Herein, we re-examine the chemical bonding to underline the origins of the geometry and stability observed experimentally. To this end, we have analysed a series of group 2 metallocenes [Ae(C5R5)2] (Ae = Be-Ba and R = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, and I) with a combination of computational methods, namely energy decomposition analysis (EDA), polarizability model (PM), and dispersion interaction densities (DIDs). Although the metal-ligand bonding nature is mainly an electrostatic interaction (65-78%), the covalent character is not negligible (33-22%). Notably, the heavier the metal center, the stronger the d-orbital interaction with a 50% contribution to the total covalent interaction. The dispersion interaction between the Cp ligands counts only for 1% of the interaction. Despite that orbital contributions become stronger for heavier metals, they never represent the energy main term. Instead, given the electrostatic nature of the metallocene bonds, we propose a model based on polarizability, which faithfully predicts the bending angle. Although dispersion interactions have a fair contribution to strengthen the bending angle, the polarizability plays a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Sergeieva
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - T Ilgin Demirer
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Axel Wuttke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Ricardo A Mata
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - André Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Gerrit-Jan Linker
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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2
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Malischewski M, Sievers R, Parche J, Kub NG. Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Fluorinated Cyclopentadienyl Ligands. Synlett 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe incorporation of fluorinated substituents in cyclopentadienyl anions leads to distinct changes in the properties of the corresponding metal complexes, e.g., with regards to electrochemical properties or metal–ligand bonding energies. This review summarizes the synthetic challenges of the preparation and coordination of fluorinated cyclopentadienyl anions.1 Introduction2 Fluorinated Cyclopentadienyls3 Cyclopentadienyls with One CF3 Group4 Cyclopentadienyls with Four CF3 Groups5 Cyclopentadienyls with Five CF3 Groups6 Cyclopentadienyls with ‘Fluorous Ponytails’7 Cyclopentadienyls with C6F5 Groups8 Trends in Interaction Energies9 Conclusion
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3
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Lovitt CF, Capra NE, Lastowski RJ, Girolami GS. Steric and Electronic Analyses of Ligand Effects on the Stability of σ-Methane Coordination Complexes: A DFT Study. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charity Flener Lovitt
- School of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, University of Washington Bothell, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, Washington 98011, United States
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nicolas E. Capra
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - R. Joseph Lastowski
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gregory S. Girolami
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Sievers R, Sellin M, Rupf SM, Parche J, Malischewski M. Introducing the Perfluorinated Cp* Ligand into Coordination Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211147. [PMID: 35984742 PMCID: PMC9826324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of AgBF4 and [Rh(COD)Cl]2 (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) in presence of [NEt4 ][C5 (CF3 )5 ] afforded the fluorocarbon soluble complex [Rh(COD)(C5 (CF3 )5 )] by salt metathesis. This complex represents the first example for a successful coordination of the weakly basic [C5 (CF3 )5 ]- ligand, since its first synthesis in 1980. In addition to [Rh(COD)(C5 (CF3 )5 )] also the byproduct [Rh(COD)(C5 (CF3 )4 H)] was isolated and fully characterized. Accompanying DFT studies showed that the interaction energy of the [C5 (CF3 )5 ]- ligand towards the 12-electron fragment [Rh(COD)]+ is ≈70 kcal mol-1 lower in comparison to [C5 (CH3 )5 ]- due to reduced electrostatic interactions and weaker π-donor properties of the ligand. The quantitative but reversible substitution of the [C5 (CF3 )5 ]- ligand by toluene, converting it into a weakly coordinating anion, experimentally proved the extraordinary weak bonding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Sievers
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische ChemieFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Malte Sellin
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische ChemieFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgInstitut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Susanne M. Rupf
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische ChemieFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Joshua Parche
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische ChemieFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Moritz Malischewski
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische ChemieFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
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5
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Sievers R, Sellin M, Rupf SM, Parche J, Malischewski M. Introducing the Perfluorinated Cp* Ligand into Coordination Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Sievers
- Freie Universität Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie GERMANY
| | - Malte Sellin
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg: Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Susanne M. Rupf
- Freie Universität Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie GERMANY
| | - Joshua Parche
- Freie Universität Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie GERMANY
| | - Moritz Malischewski
- Freie Universität Berlin - Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstrasse 34-36 14195 Berlin GERMANY
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6
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Erb W, Richy N, Hurvois JP, Low PJ, Mongin F. From ferrocene to 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoroferrocene: halogen effect on the properties of metallocene. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16933-16938. [PMID: 34779458 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03430h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sequentially fluorinated ferrocenes (1-, 1,2-di, 1,2,3-tri, 1,2,3,4-tetra and 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoroferrocene) have been synthesized from ferrocene. Rather than a 'perfluoro' effect, experimental and computational analysis of the complete series robustly demonstrates a linear additive effect of fluorine on the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of ferrocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Erb
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Nicolas Richy
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Hurvois
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Florence Mongin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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Igau A. η5-Oxocyclohexadienyl ligands in transition metal chemistry: Neglected (Brønsted) base ligands in cooperative catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Inkpen MS, Du S, Hildebrand M, White AJP, Harrison NM, Albrecht T, Long NJ. The Unusual Redox Properties of Fluoroferrocenes Revealed through a Comprehensive Study of the Haloferrocenes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Inkpen
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Shuoren Du
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | | | | | | | - Tim Albrecht
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Nicholas J. Long
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
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9
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Syntheses and structural characterization of σ-/π-aryloxo cobalt(II) complexes and radical aryloxo sodium complex. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Sünkel K, Weigand S, Hoffmann A, Blomeyer S, Reuter CG, Vishnevskiy YV, Mitzel NW. Synthesis and characterization of 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoroferrocene. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 137:126-9. [PMID: 25531826 DOI: 10.1021/ja511588p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Starting from ferrocene, pentafluoroferrocene [Fe(C5F5)(C5H5)] can be prepared in five steps via a one-pot lithiation-electrophilic fluorination strategy. Pentafluoroferrocene was characterized by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy, by cyclovoltammetry as well as X-ray (solid) and electron diffraction (gas) and the experimental results compared with DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlheinz Sünkel
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Butenandtstr. 9, 81377 München, Germany
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11
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Kechaou-Perrot M, Vendier L, Bastin S, Sotiropoulos JM, Miqueu K, Menéndez-Rodríguez L, Crochet P, Cadierno V, Igau A. Tethered η5-Oxocyclohexadienyl Piano-Stool Ruthenium(II) Complexes: A New Class of Catalysts? Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om501073q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manel Kechaou-Perrot
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de
Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route
de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Vendier
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de
Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route
de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Bastin
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de
Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route
de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sotiropoulos
- Université de Pau & des Pays de l’Adour, UMR CNRS 5254, IPREM 2 Avenue du Président P. Angot, 64053 Pau, Cedex 09, France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- Université de Pau & des Pays de l’Adour, UMR CNRS 5254, IPREM 2 Avenue du Président P. Angot, 64053 Pau, Cedex 09, France
| | - Lucía Menéndez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos
Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC),
Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pascale Crochet
- Laboratorio de Compuestos
Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC),
Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Victorio Cadierno
- Laboratorio de Compuestos
Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC),
Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alain Igau
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de
Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route
de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
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12
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Li J, Kuai W, Liu W, Zheng W. A Sandwich Zwitterionic Ruthenium Complex Bearing a Cyanamido Group. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400547r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Platinum Group Metals, Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming, Yunnan
Province 650106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic
Information Material, Ministry of Education, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Hughes RP. Fluorine as a ligand substituent in organometallic chemistry: A second chance and a second research career. J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Kühnel MF, Lentz D. Fluorinated dienes in transition-metal chemistry – the rich chemistry of electron-poor ligands. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:9745-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Philson LA, Alyounes DM, Zakharov LN, Rheingold AL, Rabinovich D. Bis(mercaptoimidazolyl)borates and the control of nuclearity in cadmium thiolate complexes. Polyhedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2003.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Johnston BF, Rankin DWH, Robertson HE, Hughes RP, Lomprey JR. Molecular Structure of Ru(η-C5Me5)(η-C5F5) by Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction and Density Functional Theory. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om0205501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Thornberry MP, Slebodnick C, Deck PA, Fronczek FR. Synthesis and Structure of Piano Stool Complexes Derived from the Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)cyclopentadienyl Ligand. Organometallics 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/om000805f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Thornberry
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212, and Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804
| | - Carla Slebodnick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212, and Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804
| | - Paul A. Deck
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212, and Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804
| | - Frank R. Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212, and Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804
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