Solution Thermochemical Study of a Fluorous Tertiary Phosphine Ligand in Rhodium and Ruthenium Systems

Synthesis and applications of fluorous phosphines

The synthesis, some of the properties and the applications of fluorous phosphines in biphasic, organometallic and organo-catalysis were reviewed.

Separation of "light fluorous" reagents and catalysts by fluorous solid-phase extraction: synthesis and study of a family of triarylphosphines bearing linear and branched fluorous tags

Practical syntheses of new triarylphosphines bearing both linear and branched fluorous tags (Rf) are reported. The phosphines have one, two, or all three aryl rings bearing fluorous tags: (Ph)(3)(-)(n)()P(C(6)H(4)(CH(2))(m)()Rf)(n)(). Fluorous-organic partition coefficients have been measured and the retention properties of both the phosphines and the derived phosphine oxides on fluorous reverse phase silica have been studied. While applications relying on liquid-liquid extractive separations of these phosphines may be limited to those bearing three fluorous chains, the technique of solid phase extraction should be broadly applicable to phosphines, phosphine oxides, and derived metal complexes. A parallel platinum-catalyzed allylation of aldehydes with fluorous allyl stannanes illustrates the usefulness of the new fluorous ligands in small-scale synthesis.

"Propylene spaced" allyl tin reagents: a new class of fluorous tin reagents for allylations under radical and metal-catalyzed conditions

A new generation of propylene-spaced fluorous allyltin reagents [(Rf(CH2)3)3SnCH2CH = CH2] is described. These succeed in radical allylations where their lower homologs (ethylene-spaced) fail, and they provide improved performance in transition metal catalyzed allylations. The reagents and byproducts are readily separated by simple fluorous-organic liquid-liquid or solid-liquid extractions.

Additions of PH(3) to Monosubstituted Alkenes of the Formula H(2)C=CH(CH(2))(x)()(CF(2))(y)()CF(3): Convenient, Multigram Syntheses of a Family of Partially Fluorinated Trialkylphosphines with Modulated Electronic Properties and Fluorous Phase Affinities

Reactions of PH(3) and commercially available H(2)C=CHR(f) (R(f6)(/)(8)(/)(10) = (CF(2))(5)CF(3)/(CF(2))(7)CF(3)/(CF(2))(9)CF(3)) give, in two-stage processes conducted with free radical initiators (AIBN, VAZO; 80-90 degrees C), the phosphines P(CH(2)CH(2)R(f))(3) (1-3; 63-75%). Analogous reactions with H(2)C=CHCH(2)R(f8) (7) and H(2)C=CHCH(2)CH(2)R(f8) (10) give P(CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)R(f8))(3) (4, 73%) and P(CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)R(f8))(3) (5, 66%), in which the phosphorus is increasingly insulated from the electronegative R(f) moiety. The alkenes 7 and 10 are prepared from Bu(3)SnCH(2)CH=CH(2) and IR(f8) (hnu, CH(2)Cl(2), 81%) or ICH(2)R(f8) (VAZO, refluxing CF(3)C(6)H(5), 56%). The reaction of 1 and H(2)O(2) gives O=P(CH(2)CH(2)R(f6))(3) (6, 88%), which can be reduced with HSiCl(3) to 1. Partition coefficients (CF(3)C(6)F(11)/toluene, 27 degrees C) range from 98.8:1.2 (1, 4) through 98.9:1.1 (5) to >99.7:<0.3 (2, 3, 6). Crystals of 4 diffract poorly, but a packing motif that maximizes interactions between R(f) segments is evident.