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Phearman AS, Ardon Y, Goldberg KI. Insertion of Molecular Oxygen into a Gold(III)-Hydride Bond. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4045-4059. [PMID: 38290523 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The use of molecular oxygen as an oxidant in chemical synthesis has significant environmental and economic benefits, and it is widely used as such in large-scale industrial processes. However, its adoption in highly selective homogeneous catalytic transformations, particularly to produce oxygenated organics, has been hindered by our limited understanding of the mechanisms by which O2 reacts with transition metals. Of particular relevance are the mechanisms of the reactions of oxygen with late transition metal hydrides as these metal centers are better poised to release oxygenated products. Homogeneous catalysis with gold complexes has markedly increased, and herein we report the synthesis and full characterization of a rare AuIII-H, supported by a diphosphine pincer ligand (tBuPCP = 2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)benzene). [(tBuPCP)AuIII-H]+ was found to cleanly react with molecular oxygen to yield a stable AuIII-OOH complex that was also fully characterized. Extensive kinetic studies on the reaction via variable temperature NMR spectroscopy have been completed, and the results are consistent with an autoaccelerating radical chain mechanism. The observed kinetic behavior exhibits similarities to that of previously reported PdII-H and PtIV-H reactions with O2 but is not fully consistent with any known O2 insertion mechanism. As such, this study contributes to the nascent fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of aerobic oxidation of late metal hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Phearman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yotam Ardon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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2
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Zhang J, Shi Z, Liu K, Shi Q, Yi L, Wang J, Peng L, Liu T, Ma M, Fang Y. Fast and Selective Luminescent Sensing by Langmuir-Schaeffer Films Based on Controlled Assembly of Perylene Bisimide Modified with A Cyclometalated Au III Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314996. [PMID: 37965846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Condensed films of functional luminophores dominated by the magnitude and dimensionality of the intermolecular interactions play important roles in sensing performance. However, controlling the molecular assembly and regulating photophysical properties remain challenging. In this study, a new luminophore, ortho-PBI-Au, was synthesized by anchoring a cyclometalated alkynyl-gold(III) unit at the ortho-position of perylene bisimide. An unprecedented T-type packing model driven by weak Au-π interaction and Au-H bonds was observed, laying foundation for striking properties of the luminophore. Controlled assembly of ortho-PBI-Au at the air-water interface, realized using the classical Langmuir-Schaeffer technique, afforded the obtained luminescent films with different packing structures. With an optimized film, sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of a hazardous new psychoactive substance, phenylethylamine (PEA), was achieved. The detection limit, response time, and recovery time were <4 ppb, <1 s, and <5 s, respectively, surpassing the performance of the PEA sensors known thus far. The relationship between the characters of films and the sensing performance was systematically examined by grey relational analysis (GRA). The present study suggests that designing novel molecular aggregation with definite adlayer structure is a crucial strategy to enhance the sensing performance, which could be favorable for the film-based fluorescent sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Shi
- School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710019, P. R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Qiyuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Lingya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Miao Ma
- School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710019, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
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3
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Gauthier ES, Cordier M, Dorcet V, Vanthuyne N, Favereau L, Williams JAG, Crassous J. Helically Chiral NHC‐Gold(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Chiroptical Properties and Electronic Features of the [5]Helicene‐Imidazolylidene Ligand. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Cordier
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | | | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2 13284 Marseille France
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4
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Lobana TS. Heterocyclic-2-thione derivatives of group 10–12 metals: Coordination versatility, activation of C S (thione) bonds and biochemical potential. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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5
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Abstract
In this contribution, we provide an overview of the main avenues that have emerged in gold coordination chemistry during the last years. The unique properties of gold have motivated research in gold chemistry, and especially regarding the properties and applications of gold compounds in catalysis, medicine, and materials chemistry. The advances in the synthesis and knowledge of gold coordination compounds have been possible with the design of novel ligands becoming relevant motifs that have allowed the preparation of elusive complexes in this area of research. Strong donor ligands with easily modulable electronic and steric properties, such as stable singlet carbenes or cyclometalated ligands, have been decisive in the stabilization of gold(0) species, gold fluoride complexes, gold hydrides, unprecedented π complexes, or cluster derivatives. These new ligands have been important not only from the fundamental structure and bonding studies but also for the synthesis of sophisticated catalysts to improve activity and selectivity of organic transformations. Moreover, they have enabled the facile oxidative addition from gold(I) to gold(III) and the design of a plethora of complexes with specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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6
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Cheung WM, Chong MC, Sung HHY, Cheng SC, Williams ID, Ko CC, Leung WH. Synthesis, structure and reactivity of iridium complexes containing a bis-cyclometalated tridentate C^N^C ligand. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8512-8523. [PMID: 34060573 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01269j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to synthesize cyclometalated iridium complexes containing a tridentate C^N^C ligand, transmetallation of [Hg(HC^N^C)Cl] (1) (H2C^N^C = 2,6-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyridine) with various organoiridium starting materials has been studied. The treatment of 1 with [Ir(cod)Cl]2 (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) in acetonitrile at room temperature afforded a hexanuclear Ir4Hg2 complex, [Cl(κ2C,N-HC^N^C)(cod)IrHgIr(cod)Cl2]2 (2), which features Ir-Hg-Ir and Ir-Cl-Ir bridges. Refluxing 2 with sodium acetate in tetrahydrofuran (thf) resulted in cyclometalation of the bidentate HC^N^C ligand and formation of trinuclear [(C^N^C)(cod)IrHgIr(cod)Cl2] (3). On the other hand, refluxing [Ir(cod)Cl]2 with 1 and sodium acetate in thf yielded [Ir(C^N^C)(cod)(HgCl)] (4). Chlorination of 4 with PhICl2 gave [Ir(C^N^C)(cod)Cl]·HgCl2 (5·HgCl2) that reacted with tricyclohexylphosphine to yield Hg-free [Ir(C^N^C)(cod)Cl] (5). Chloride abstraction of 5 with silver(i) triflate (AgOTf) gave [Ir(C^N^C)(cod)(H2O)](OTf) (6) that can catalyze the cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate. Reaction of 1 and [Ir(CO)2Cl(py)] (py = pyridine) with sodium acetate in refluxing thf afforded [Ir(C^N^C)(HgCl)(py)(CO)] (7), in which the carbonyl ligand is coplanar with the C^N^C ligand. On the other hand, refluxing 1 with (PPh4)[Ir(CO)2Cl2] and sodium acetate in acetonitrile gave [Ir(C^N^C)(κ2C,N-HC^N^C)(CO)] (8), the carbonyl ligand of which is trans to the pyridyl ring of the bidentate HC^N^C ligand. Upon irradiation with UV light 8 in thf was isomerized to 8', in which the carbonyl is trans to a phenyl group of the bidentate HC^N^C ligand. The isomer pair 8 and 8' exhibited emission at 548 and 514 nm in EtOH/MeOH at 77 K with lifetime of 84.0 and 64.6 μs, respectively. Protonation of 8 with p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) afforded the bis(bidentate) tosylate complex [Ir(κ2C,N-HC^N^C)2(CO)(OTs)] (9) that could be reconverted to 8 upon treatment with sodium acetate. The electrochemistry of the Ir(C^N^C) complexes has been studied using cyclic voltammetry. Reaction of [Ir(PPh3)3Cl] with 1 and sodium acetate in refluxing thf led to isolation of the previously reported compound [Ir(κ2P,C-C6H4PPh2)2(PPh3)Cl] (10). The crystal structures of 2-5, 8, 8', 9 and 10 have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Man-Chun Chong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Herman H-Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shun-Cheung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-Chiu Ko
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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7
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Tang MC, Chan MY, Yam VWW. Molecular Design of Luminescent Gold(III) Emitters as Thermally Evaporable and Solution-Processable Organic Light-Emitting Device (OLED) Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7249-7279. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Chung Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Yee Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
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8
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Zhang J, Liu K, Liu Z, Wang Z, Hua C, Liu T, Fang Y. High-Performance Ketone Sensing in Vapor Phase Enabled by o-Carborane-Modified Cyclometalated Alkynyl-Gold(III) Complex-Based Fluorescent Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5625-5633. [PMID: 33486950 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of high-performance, low-power-consumption, small-sized detectors is a key issue for fabricating specific miniaturized chromatographs (GCs). Herein, we report, for the first-time, utilization of a film-based fluorescent sensor as a GC detector. In the studies, we designed a new o-carborane derivative of a known cyclometalated alkynyl-gold(III) complex, Au-CB. Unlike the parent gold(III) complex, the newly synthesized Au-CB depicted a remarkable aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property, enabling fabrication of a fluorescent film. The film emission is highly sensitive to the presence of ketones such as acetone, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, cyclopentanone, etc., in the air. It was demonstrated that the sensing performance of the film could be further improved by changing the film from a planar structure to a tubular one. Via combination with an earlier reported homemade sensory device, a conceptual film-based fluorescent sensor was developed, which demonstrated instant and fully reversible response to the ketones. The experimental detection limits for cyclohexanone and acetone could be lower than 0.08 and 13.0 ppm, respectively. Moreover, the sensor is super stable, as 24 h continuous illumination resulted in less than 1.0% reduction of the fluorescence emission, 50 successive sensings showed no observable decay in the performance, and more than 1 year of storage had no effect upon the property. Further studies demonstrated that the film sensor could be used as a GC detector with performance comparable to the commercial flame ionization detector (FID), which lays the foundation for future applications in specific miniaturized GCs because of its merits in size, power consumption, carrier gas, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Hua
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
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9
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Feuerstein W, Holzer C, Gui X, Neumeier L, Klopper W, Breher F. Synthesis of New Donor-Substituted Biphenyls: Pre-ligands for Highly Luminescent (C^C^D) Gold(III) Pincer Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:17156-17164. [PMID: 32735695 PMCID: PMC7821303 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We herein report on new synthetic strategies for the preparation of pyridine and imidazole substituted 2,2'-dihalo biphenyls. These structures are pre-ligands suitable for the preparation of respective stannoles. The latter can successfully be transmetalated to K[AuCl4 ] forming non-palindromic [(C^C^D)AuIII ] pincer complexes featuring a lateral pyridine (D=N) or N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC, D=C') donor. The latter is the first report on a pincer complex with two formally anionic sp2 and one carbenic carbon donor. The [(C^C^D)AuIII ] complexes show intense phosphorescence in solution at room temperature. We discuss the developed multistep strategy and touch upon synthetic challenges. The prepared complexes have been fully characterized including X-ray diffraction analysis. The gold(III) complexes' photophysical properties have been investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopy as well as quantum chemical calculations on the quasi-relativistic two-component TD-DFT and GW/Bethe-Salpeter level including spin-orbit coupling. Thus, we shed light on the electronic influence of the non-palindromic pincer ligand and reveal non-radiative relaxation pathways of the different ligands employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Feuerstein
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State PhysicsKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 176131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Xin Gui
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Lilly Neumeier
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1576131KarlsruheGermany
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10
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Zhou D, Cheng G, Tong GSM, Che CM. High Efficiency Sky-Blue Gold(III)-TADF Emitters*. Chemistry 2020; 26:15718-15726. [PMID: 33063382 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient sky-blue luminescent gold(III) complexes with emission quantum yields up to 82 %, lifetimes down to 0.67 μs and emission peak maxima at 470-484 nm were prepared through a consideration of pincer gold(III) donor-acceptor complexes. Photophysical studies and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations revealed that the emission nature of these gold(III) complexes is most consistent with TADF. Solution-processed OLEDs with these gold(III) complexes as dopants afforded electroluminescence maxima at 465-473 nm with FWHM of 64-67 nm and maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of up to 15.25 %. This research demonstrates the first example of gold(III)-OLEDs showing electroluminescence maxima at smaller than 470 nm, and highlights the potential of using gold(III)-TADF emitters in the development of high efficiency blue OLEDs and blue emissive dopant in WOLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint, Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint, Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre of Machine Learning for Energy Materials and Devices, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Glenna So Ming Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint, Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint, Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre of Machine Learning for Energy Materials and Devices, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Rocchigiani L, Bochmann M. Recent Advances in Gold(III) Chemistry: Structure, Bonding, Reactivity, and Role in Homogeneous Catalysis. Chem Rev 2020; 121:8364-8451. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rocchigiani
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR47TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR47TJ, United Kingdom
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12
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Lee K, Lai PN, Parveen R, Donahue CM, Wymore MM, Massman BA, Vlaisavljevich B, Teets TS, Daly SR. Modifying the luminescent properties of a Cu(i) diphosphine complex using ligand-centered reactions in single crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9110-9113. [PMID: 32648569 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03427d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we report how reactions at a chemically reactive diphosphine shift the long-lived luminescent colour of a crystalline three-coordinate Cu(i) complex from green to blue. The results demonstrate how vapochromism and single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations can be achieved using ligand-centered reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Po-Ni Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Riffat Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Courtney M Donahue
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Mikayla M Wymore
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Blake A Massman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Chemistry, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Thomas S Teets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Scott R Daly
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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13
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Abás E, Gómez-Bachiller M, Colom E, Pardina E, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Grasa L, Laguna M. Cyclometallated gold(III) complexes against colon cancer. X-ray structure of [Au(C,NPhenylpyridine)(OAc)2]. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Odachowski M, Marschner C, Blom B. A review on 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane bridged homo- and heterobimetallic complexes for anticancer applications: Synthesis, structure, and cytotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112613. [PMID: 32784095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we review developments in synthesis, structure, and biological (anti-cancer) activities of 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) bridged homo- and heterobimetallic systems of the type LmM(μ2-dppm)M'Ln (M and M' are transition metals which may be different or the same and Ln,m are co-ligands) since the first such reported bimetallic system in 1987 until the present time (2020). As the simplest diphosphine, dppm enables facile formation of bimetallic complexes, where, given the short spacer between the PPh2 groups, close spatial proximity of the metal centres is ensured. We concentrate on complexes bearing no M-M interaction and contrast biological activities of these complexes with mononuclear counterparts and positive control agents such as cisplatin, in an attempt to elucidate patterns in the biological activities of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matylda Odachowski
- Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Kapoenstraat 2, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Burgert Blom
- Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Kapoenstraat 2, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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15
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Yam VWW, Law ASY. Luminescent d8 metal complexes of platinum(II) and gold(III): From photophysics to photofunctional materials and probes. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Ghosh G, Ghosh T, Fernández G. Controlled Supramolecular Polymerization of d
8
Metal Complexes through Pathway Complexity and Seeded Growth. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1022-1033. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Ghosh
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster Correnstraße, 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Tanwistha Ghosh
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster Correnstraße, 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster Correnstraße, 40 48149 Münster Germany
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17
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Eppel D, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Mercury-Free Synthesis of Pincer [C^N^C]Au III Complexes by an Oxidative Addition/CH Activation Cascade. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:1986-1990. [PMID: 32134179 PMCID: PMC7217051 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Starting from the commercially available dimethyl sulfide-gold(I) chloride complex (DMSAuCl) and diazonium salts in the presence of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as base, symmetric and unsymmetric [C^N^C]AuIII Cl complexes were synthesized in a selective, photosensitizer-free, photochemical reaction using blue LED light. This new protocol provides the first mercury-free synthesis of these types of pincer-complexes in moderate-to-excellent yields, starting from a readily available gold(I) precursor. Owing to the extraordinary properties of the target compounds, like excellent luminescence and high anticancer activities, the synthesis of such complexes is a highly active field of research, which might make its way to an industrial application. Owing to the disadvantages of the known protocols, especially the toxicity and the selectivity issues in the case of unsymmetric complexes, avoiding the use of mercury, should further accelerate this ongoing development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eppel
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJedda21589Saudi-Arabia
- Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE)Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22969120HeidelbergGermany
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18
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Leung MY, Leung SYL, Yim KC, Chan AKW, Ng M, Yam VWW. Multiresponsive Luminescent Cationic Cyclometalated Gold(III) Amphiphiles and Their Supramolecular Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19466-19478. [PMID: 31789511 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new class of amphiphilic tridentate cyclometalated gold(III) complexes has been designed and synthesized as luminescent supramolecular building blocks. Positively charged trimethylammonium (-CH2NMe3+) containing alkynyl ligands have been incorporated to introduce the electrostatic interactions. The X-ray crystal structures of two of the complexes have been determined, and the existence of π-π interactions between molecules has been observed. Steady-state and time-resolved absorption and emission studies have been carried out to investigate the nature of the excited states. The complexes are found to exhibit self-assembly properties with the assistance of π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions and possibly weak Au···Au interaction, resulting in notable emergence of low-energy absorption bands and luminescence changes. The presence of a large hydrophobic moiety is found to be crucial for the formation of aggregates, especially in polar media where hydrophobic interactions play an important role. The nature of the counterion has been shown to have a significant effect on the extent of self-assembly in different media. Upon aggregation, nanofibers are formed in polar media, while nanorods are observed in nonpolar media in one of the representative complexes. Interestingly, a small modification on the alkynyl ligand resulted in the formation of nanoribbons instead. Intriguing luminescence mechanochromic properties have also been observed. This orthogonal and rational molecular design strategy has been shown to be effective in the construction of gold(III)-based smart and multiresponsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Leung
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Sammual Yu-Lut Leung
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - King-Chin Yim
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Alan Kwun-Wa Chan
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Maggie Ng
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
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19
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Tan S, Wu X, Zheng Y, Wang Y. Synthesis and properties of novel N,C,N terdentate skeleton based on 1,3-di(pyridin-2-yl)benzene moiety—new tricks for old dogs. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Gukathasan S, Parkin S, Awuah SG. Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes Bearing DACH Ligands. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9326-9340. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sailajah Gukathasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Samuel G. Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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21
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Tang MC, Kwok WK, Lai SL, Cheung WL, Chan MY, Wing-Wah Yam V. Rational molecular design for realizing high performance sky-blue-emitting gold(iii) complexes with monoaryl auxiliary ligands and their applications for both solution-processable and vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting devices. Chem Sci 2018; 10:594-605. [PMID: 30746101 PMCID: PMC6334663 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03636e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sky-blue-emitting arylgold(iii) complexes have been synthesized for OLEDs with EQEs of up to 11.3%.
A new class of sky-blue-emitting arylgold(iii) complexes containing tridentate bis-cyclometalating ligands derived from 2,6-diphenylpyridine (C^N^C) has been successfully designed and synthesized. By systematically varying the electron-withdrawing groups from cyano, fluoro, and trifluoromethyl to trifluoromethoxy groups on the phenyl ring of the tridentate C^N^C ligands, the emission maxima of these complexes have been significantly blue-shifted from 492 nm to 466 nm in dichloromethane solution. In addition, the higher excited state distortion with respect to the ground state associated with the multiple fluoro substitutions at the tridentate ligand has been successfully reduced by the employment of trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy groups, as revealed by the Huang-Rhys factor. Taking advantage of their high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 43% in the solid-state MCP thin-films, high performance solution-processable and vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting devices with external quantum efficiencies of up to 5.3% and 11.3%, respectively, have been realized. This work represents the first demonstration of sky-blue-emitting gold(iii) complexes with an x chromaticity coordinate of <0.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Chung Tang
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 852 2859 2153
| | - Wing-Kei Kwok
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 852 2859 2153
| | - Shiu-Lun Lai
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 852 2859 2153
| | - Wai-Lung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 852 2859 2153
| | - Mei-Yee Chan
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 852 2859 2153
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 852 2859 2153
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22
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Rocchigiani L, Fernandez-Cestau J, Budzelaar PHM, Bochmann M. Reductive Elimination Leading to C−C Bond Formation in Gold(III) Complexes: A Mechanistic and Computational Study. Chemistry 2018; 24:8893-8903. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rocchigiani
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park NR47TJ Norwich UK
| | | | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Naples Federico II; Via Cintia 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park NR47TJ Norwich UK
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23
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Tang MC, Lee CH, Ng M, Wong YC, Chan MY, Yam VWW. Highly Emissive Fused Heterocyclic Alkynylgold(III) Complexes for Multiple Color Emission Spanning from Green to Red for Solution-Processable Organic Light-Emitting Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Chung Tang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chin-Ho Lee
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yi-Chun Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Mei-Yee Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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24
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Tang MC, Lee CH, Ng M, Wong YC, Chan MY, Yam VWW. Highly Emissive Fused Heterocyclic Alkynylgold(III) Complexes for Multiple Color Emission Spanning from Green to Red for Solution-Processable Organic Light-Emitting Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5463-5466. [PMID: 29504698 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new class of fused heterocyclic tridentate ligand-containing alkynylgold(III) complexes with tunable emission color has been successfully designed and synthesized. Structural modification of the σ-donating fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligands, including substituted fluorene, carbazole, and triphenylamine, enables a large spectral shift of about 110 nm (ca. 3310 cm-1 ) that covers the green to red region to be realized with the same tridentate ligand-containing alkynylgold(III) complexes in solid-state thin films. Interestingly, the energy of the excimeric emission can be controlled by the rational design of the fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligands. Superior solution-processable organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 12.2, 13.5, 9.3, and 5.2 % were obtained with green, yellow, orange, and red emission. These high EQE values are comparable to those of the vacuum-deposited OLEDs based on structurally related alkynylgold(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Chung Tang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chin-Ho Lee
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Chun Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Yee Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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25
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Yuan YJ, Yu ZT, Chen DQ, Zou ZG. Metal-complex chromophores for solar hydrogen generation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:603-631. [PMID: 27808300 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solar H2 generation from water has been intensively investigated as a clean method to convert solar energy into hydrogen fuel. During the past few decades, many studies have demonstrated that metal complexes can act as efficient photoactive materials for photocatalytic H2 production. Here, we review the recent progress in the application of metal-complex chromophores to solar-to-H2 conversion, including metal-complex photosensitizers and supramolecular photocatalysts. A brief overview of the fundamental principles of photocatalytic H2 production is given. Then, different metal-complex photosensitizers and supramolecular photocatalysts are introduced in detail, and the most important factors that strictly determine their photocatalytic performance are also discussed. Finally, we illustrate some challenges and opportunities for future research in this promising area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jun Yuan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China. and College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen-Tao Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Da-Qin Chen
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Zou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
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26
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Currie L, Rocchigiani L, Hughes DL, Bochmann M. Carbon–sulfur bond formation by reductive elimination of gold(iii) thiolates. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6333-6343. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00906f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiols were found to cleave Au–C bonds in (C^N^C)gold(iii) pincer complexes and to induce C–S reductive elimination reactions, to give aryl thioethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Currie
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich NR4 7TJ
- UK
| | | | - David L. Hughes
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich NR4 7TJ
- UK
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27
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Bischoff L, Baudequin C, Hoarau C, Urriolabeitia EP. Organometallic Fluorophores of d 8 Metals (Pd, Pt, Au). ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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28
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Holmsen MSM, Nova A, Hylland K, Wragg DS, Øien-Ødegaard S, Heyn RH, Tilset M. Synthesis of a (N,C,C) Au(iii) pincer complex via Csp3–H bond activation: increasing catalyst robustness by rational catalyst design. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11104-11107. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05489d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a (N,C,C) Au(iii) catalyst via Csp3–H bond activation has been achieved following a rational catalyst design approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainara Nova
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Knut Hylland
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - David S. Wragg
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | | | | | - Mats Tilset
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences
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29
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Jürgens S, Scalcon V, Estrada-Ortiz N, Folda A, Tonolo F, Jandl C, Browne DL, Rigobello MP, Kühn FE, Casini A. Exploring the C^N^C theme: Synthesis and biological properties of tridentate cyclometalated gold(III) complexes. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5452-5460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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30
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Siu SKL, Chung CYS, Yam VWW. Amphiphilic oligo(ethylene glycol)- and poly(ethyleneoxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly-(ethylene oxide)-containing cyclometalated alkynylgold(III) complexes: From basic photophysics to self-assembly and stimuli-responsive properties. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Lee CH, Tang MC, Wong YC, Chan MY, Yam VWW. Sky-Blue-Emitting Dendritic Alkynylgold(III) Complexes for Solution-Processable Organic Light-Emitting Devices. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10539-10550. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Man-Chung Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Chun Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Yee Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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32
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Tang MC, Lee CH, Lai SL, Ng M, Chan MY, Yam VWW. Versatile Design Strategy for Highly Luminescent Vacuum-Evaporable and Solution-Processable Tridentate Gold(III) Complexes with Monoaryl Auxiliary Ligands and Their Applications for Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Devices. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9341-9349. [PMID: 28671463 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new class of brightly blue-green-emitting arylgold(III) complexes has been synthesized, characterized, and applied as phosphorescent dopants in the fabrication of solution-processable and vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). These arylgold(III) complexes can be readily synthesized by reacting the corresponding arylboronic acids with the gold(III) precursor complexes in a one-pot Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. When compared to the structurally related alkynylgold(III) complex, arylgold(III) complexes 1 and 2 exhibit much higher photoluminescence quantum yields in solution state. High photoluminescence quantum yields are also observed in solid-state thin films. More importantly, the solid-state emission spectra show strong resemblance to those in solution, irrespective of the dopant concentration, leading to significant improvement in the color purity of the OLEDs by suppressing any excimer emission resulting from the π-stacking of the tridentate ligand. High performance solution-processable and vacuum-deposited blue-green-emitting OLEDs have also been realized, with maximum external quantum efficiencies of 7.3% and 14.7%, respectively, representing the first demonstration of efficient blue-green-emitting OLEDs based on cyclometalated arylgold(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Chung Tang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chin-Ho Lee
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Shiu-Lun Lai
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Yee Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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33
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To WP, Tong GSM, Cheung CW, Yang C, Zhou D, Che CM. Luminescent Cyclometalated Gold(III) Alkyl Complexes: Photophysical and Photochemical Properties. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5046-5059. [PMID: 28406016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of luminescent cyclometalated gold(III) complexes having alkyls as auxiliary ligands has been prepared. The alkyl ligand was found to effectively increase the emission quantum yields and lifetimes of luminescent cyclometalated gold(III) complexes by circumventing the population of LLCT excited states that are found in complexes supported by arylacetylide ligands. These gold(III) alkyl complexes exhibit emission quantum yields and lifetimes of up to 0.40 and 180 μs, respectively, in solution at room temperature. The triplet emission color of these complexes is tunable from yellow to sky blue by modifying the cyclometalating ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Glenna So Ming Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Wah Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation , Shenzhen 518053, People's Republic of China
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34
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Yim KC, Au VKM, Wong KMC, Yam VWW. Luminescent Bis-Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes with Alkynyl Ligands of Hexaphenylbenzene and Hexabenzocoronene Derivatives and Their Supramolecular Assembly. Chemistry 2017; 23:5772-5786. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201606052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- King-Chin Yim
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee; (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Vonika Ka-Man Au
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee; (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Keith Man-Chung Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee; (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
- Present address: Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Guangdong 518055 P.R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee; (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
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35
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Cyclometallierte AuIII
-Komplexe: Synthese, Reaktivität und physikalisch-chemische Eigenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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Kumar R, Nevado C. Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Physicochemical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1994-2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roopender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 CH-8057 Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 CH-8057 Switzerland
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37
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López-de-Luzuriaga JM, Monge M, Olmos ME. Luminescent aryl–group eleven metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:2046-2067. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04386k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective highlights the recent developments in the study of the photoluminescent properties of aryl–group eleven complexes. Related properties and applications such as electroluminescence, triboluminescence, mechanochromism, luminescent liquid crystals, low molecular weight gelators and photocatalysts are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. López-de-Luzuriaga
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ)
- Universidad de La Rioja, Complejo Científico-Tecnoloǵico
- 26006 – Logroño
- Spain
| | - Miguel Monge
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ)
- Universidad de La Rioja, Complejo Científico-Tecnoloǵico
- 26006 – Logroño
- Spain
| | - M. Elena Olmos
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ)
- Universidad de La Rioja, Complejo Científico-Tecnoloǵico
- 26006 – Logroño
- Spain
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38
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Currie L, Fernandez-Cestau J, Rocchigiani L, Bertrand B, Lancaster SJ, Hughes DL, Duckworth H, Jones STE, Credgington D, Penfold TJ, Bochmann M. Luminescent Gold(III) Thiolates: Supramolecular Interactions Trigger and Control Switchable Photoemissions from Bimolecular Excited States. Chemistry 2016; 23:105-113. [PMID: 27859790 PMCID: PMC5215685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of cyclometallated gold(III) thiolato complexes based on pyrazine‐centred pincer ligands has been prepared, (C^Npz^C)AuSR, where C^Npz^C=2,6‐bis(4‐ButC6H4)pyrazine dianion and R=Ph (1), C6H4tBu‐4 (2), 2‐pyridyl (3), 1‐naphthyl (1‐Np, 4), 2‐Np (5), quinolinyl (Quin, 6), 4‐methylcoumarinyl (Coum, 7) and 1‐adamantyl (8). The complexes were isolated as yellow to red solids in high yields using mild synthetic conditions. The single‐crystal X‐ray structures revealed that the colour of the deep‐red solids is associated with the formation of a particular type of short (3.2–3.3 Å) intermolecular pyrazine⋅⋅⋅pyrazine π‐interactions. In some cases, yellow and red crystal polymorphs were formed; only the latter were emissive at room temperature. Combined NMR and UV/Vis techniques showed that the supramolecular π‐stacking interactions persist in solution and give rise to intense deep‐red photoluminescence. Monomeric molecules show vibronically structured green emissions at low temperature, assigned to ligand‐based 3IL(C^N^C) triplet emissions. By contrast, the unstructured red emissions correlate mainly with a 3LLCT(SR→{(C^Npz^C)2}) charge transfer transition from the thiolate ligand to the π⋅⋅⋅π dimerized pyrazine. Unusually, the π‐interactions can be influenced by sample treatment in solution, such that the emissions can switch reversibly from red to green. To our knowledge this is the first report of aggregation‐enhanced emission in gold(III) chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Currie
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luca Rocchigiani
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Benoît Bertrand
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Lancaster
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - David L Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Duckworth
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Saul T E Jones
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB3 0HF, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Credgington
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB3 0HF, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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39
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Yim KC, Au VKM, Hung LL, Wong KMC, Yam VWW. Luminescent Dinuclear Bis-Cyclometalated Gold(III) Alkynyls and Their Solvent-Dependent Morphologies through Supramolecular Self-Assembly. Chemistry 2016; 22:16258-16270. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- King-Chin Yim
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Vonika Ka-Man Au
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Hung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Keith Man-Chung Wong
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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40
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Gonell S, Poyatos M, Peris E. Pincer-CNC mononuclear, dinuclear and heterodinuclear Au(III) and Pt(II) complexes supported by mono- and poly-N-heterocyclic carbenes: synthesis and photophysical properties. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5549-56. [PMID: 26911885 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00198j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A family of cyclometallated Au(iii) and Pt(ii) complexes containing a CNC-pincer ligand (CNC = 2,6-diphenylpyridine) supported by pyrene-based mono- or bis-NHC ligands have been synthesized and characterized, together with the preparation of a Pt-Au hetero-dimetallic complex based on a Y-shaped tris-NHC ligand. The photophysical properties of all the new species and of two related Ru(ii)-arene complexes were studied and compared. Whereas the pyrene-based complexes only exhibit emission in solution, those containing the Y-shaped tris-NHC ligand are only luminescent when dispersed in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). In particular, the pyrene-based complexes were found to be emissive in the range of 373-440 nm, with quantum yields ranging from 3.1 to 6.3%, and their emission spectra were found to be almost superimposable, pointing to the fluorescent pyrene-centered nature of the emission. This observation suggests that the emission properties of the pyrene fragment may be combined with some of the numerous applications of NHCs as supporting ligands allowing, for instance, the design of biological luminescent agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gonell
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071-Castellón, Spain.
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41
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Roth T, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Cationic BPI‐Gold(III) Complexes: Controlling Ligating and Nonligating Anions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Roth
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, http://www.gade.uni‐hd.de/
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, http://www.gade.uni‐hd.de/
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, http://www.gade.uni‐hd.de/
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42
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Kumar R, Linden A, Nevado C. Luminescent (N^C^C) Gold(III) Complexes: Stabilized Gold(III) Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14287-90. [PMID: 26439538 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and application of a (N^C^C)-ligand framework able to stabilize highly electron-deprived gold(III) species. This novel platform enabled the preparation of C(sp(2))-gold(III) fluorides for the first time in monomeric, easy-to-handle, bench-stable form by a Cl/F ligand-exchange reaction. Devoid of oxidative conditions or stoichiometric use of toxic Hg salts, this method was applied to the preparation of multiple [C(sp(2))-Au(III)-F] complexes, which were used as mechanistic probes for the study of the unique properties and intrinsic reactivity of Au-F bonds. The improved photophysical properties of [(N^C^C)Au(III)] complexes compared to classical pincer (C^N^C)-Au systems paves the way for the design of new late-transition-metal-based OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 180, 8057 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 180, 8057 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 180, 8057 Zürich (Switzerland).
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43
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Kumar R, Linden A, Nevado C. Luminescent (N^C^C) Gold(III) Complexes: Stabilized Gold(III) Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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Fernandez-Cestau J, Bertrand B, Blaya M, Jones GA, Penfold TJ, Bochmann M. Synthesis and luminescence modulation of pyrazine-based gold(III) pincer complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16629-32. [PMID: 26425736 PMCID: PMC4672750 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07523h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A second nitrogen for modulation: cyclometallated gold(iii) complexes based on pyrazine provide a new family of photoluminescent compounds which allow facile modulation of the emission wavelengths without the need for modifying the basic ligand framework.
The first examples of pyrazine-based gold(iii) pincer complexes are reported; their intense photoemissions can be modified by protonation, N-alkylation or metal ions, without the need for altering the ligand framework. Emissions shift from red (77 K) to blue (298 K) due to thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).
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45
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Yang B, Huang S, Zhong J, Zhang H. A comparison of excited state properties between two different N-heterocyclic platinum(II) complexes. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Roşca DA, Fernandez-Cestau J, Romanov AS, Bochmann M. Synthesis, C–N cleavage and photoluminescence of gold(III) isocyanide complexes. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Yam VWW, Au VKM, Leung SYL. Light-Emitting Self-Assembled Materials Based on d8 and d10 Transition Metal Complexes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7589-728. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1065] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional
Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee
(Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Vonika Ka-Man Au
- Institute of Molecular Functional
Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee
(Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Sammual Yu-Lut Leung
- Institute of Molecular Functional
Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee
(Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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48
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Liu CC, Chan MCW. Chelating σ-Aryl Post-Metallocenes: Probing Intramolecular [C-H···F-C] Interactions and Unusual Reaction Pathways. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1580-90. [PMID: 25993345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our interest in chelating σ-aryl ancillary ligands was motivated by their potential to impart unusual reactivity, since we envisioned that σ-donors with minimal π-donation would create a catalytic center with enhanced electrophilicity. We developed a family of Group 4 post-metallocene catalysts supported by pyridine-2-phenolate-6-(σ-aryl) [O,N,C] ligands bearing a fluorinated moiety in the vicinity of the metal. Notable features of these meta-substituted tris(hetero)aryl frameworks include their coordination geometry and inherent rigidity. For the first time, the elusive C-H···F-C interaction was manifested as NMR-discernible (1)H-(19)F coupling in solution and characterized by a neutron diffraction study. Their existence carries implications for catalyst design and in the context of weak attractive ligand-polymer interactions (WALPI), since they substantiate the practical viability of the ortho-F···H(β) ligand-polymer interactions proposed for living Group 4 fluorinated bis(phenoxyimine) catalysts. In metal-catalyzed olefin polymerization reactions, the notion of noncovalent interactions between an active ancillary ligand and the growing polymer chain is new. These interactions must be fragile and transient in nature, otherwise the intrinsic chain propagation process would be disrupted, and inherently tunable attractive forces such as hydrogen bonds are ideally suited to this role. The nature, relevance, and usability of extremely weak hydrogen bonds such as C-H···F-C has been a topical yet controversial area of research. We subsequently prepared a series of Group 4 complexes supported by fluorinated (σ-aryl)-2-phenolate-6-pyridyl [O,C,N] ligands. [(1)H,(19)F]-HMBC NMR experiments were conducted to probe the observed (1)H-(19)F coupling, and specifically separate contributions from scalar (J) coupling and cross-correlation (CR) interference. For the first time, a significant scalar component was confirmed for the (1)H-(19)F coupling in Ti-[O,C,N] and [O,N,C] complexes, which occurs with chemical connectivity across intramolecular C-H···F-C interactions. This result is important because the applicability of weak attractive ligand-polymer interactions in catalysis is feasible only if the observed coupling and hence the noncovalent interaction is genuine. The verified intramolecular C-H···F-C contacts in these complexes can therefore be considered as synthetic models for ligand-polymer interactions in olefin polymerization processes. Significantly, reports concerning late transition metal systems have appeared that hint at the generality of the WALPI concept for modulating polymerization reactions. We evaluated the olefin polymerization reactivity of Ti-[O,N,C] catalysts through judicious substitution. DFT calculations, which revealed diverse kinetically competitive reaction pathways and active sites (including unusual ethylene-assimilated species) in addition to normal chain propagation, were also employed to rationalize polymerization efficiencies. Further developments in catalytic applications of multidentate σ-aryl ligand systems and novel reactivity of the corresponding complexes can be envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cham-Chuen Liu
- Department of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael C. W. Chan
- Department of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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49
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Lam ESH, Lam WH, Yam VWW. A Study on the Effect of Dianionic Tridentate Ligands on the Radiative and Nonradiative Processes for Gold(III) Alkynyl Systems by a Computational Approach. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:3624-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Suk-Hang Lam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wai Han Lam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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50
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Tsai JLL, Chan AOY, Che CM. A luminescent cyclometalated gold(iii)–avidin conjugate with a long-lived emissive excited state that binds to proteins and DNA and possesses anti-proliferation capacity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8547-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00186b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a luminescent cyclometalated Au(iii)–avidin conjugate that exhibits a 520 nm emission with a lifetime of 1.8 μs in PBS solution in open air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson Lui-Lui Tsai
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Center and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Anna On-Yee Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Center and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Center and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
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