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Sian L, Dall’Anese A, Macchioni A, Tensi L, Busico V, Cipullo R, Goryunov GP, Uborsky D, Voskoboynikov AZ, Ehm C, Rocchigiani L, Zuccaccia C. Role of Solvent Coordination on the Structure and Dynamics of ansa-Zirconocenium Ion Pairs in Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sian
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Dall’Anese
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Tensi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Rocchigiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Experimental and Theoretical Study of Zirconocene-Catalyzed Oligomerization of 1-Octene. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071590. [PMID: 32708995 PMCID: PMC7407618 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zirconocene-catalyzed coordination oligomerization of higher α-olefins is of theoretical and practical interest. In this paper, we present the results of experimental and theoretical study of α-olefin oligomerization, catalyzed by (η5-C5H5)]2ZrX21/1′ and O[SiMe2(η5-C5H4)]2ZrX22/2′ (X = Cl, Me) with the activation by modified methylalymoxane MMAO-12 or by perfluoroalkyl borate [PhNMe2H][B(C6F5)4] (NBF) in the presence and in the absence of organoaluminium compounds, Al(CH2CHMe2)3 (TIBA) and/or Et2AlCl. Under the conditions providing a conventional mononuclear reaction mechanism, 1′ catalyzed dimerization with low selectivity, while 2′ initiated the formation of oligomers in equal mass ratio. The presence of TIBA and especially Et2AlCl resulted in an increase of the selectivity of dimerization. Quantum chemical simulations of the main and side processes performed at the M-06x/ DGDZVP level of the density functional theory (DFT) allowed to explain experimental results involving traditional mononuclear and novel Zr-Al1 and Zr-Al2 mechanistic concepts.
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Joshi A, Zijlstra HS, Collins S, McIndoe JS. Catalyst Deactivation Processes during 1-Hexene Polymerization. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700
STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Harmen S. Zijlstra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700
STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Scott Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700
STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - J. Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700
STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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Catalyst Speciation During ansa-Zirconocene-Catalyzed Polymerization of 1-Hexene Studied by UV-vis Spectroscopy-Formation and Partial Re-Activation of Zr-Allyl Intermediates. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11060936. [PMID: 31146475 PMCID: PMC6630943 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalyst speciation during polymerization of 1-hexene in benzene or toluene solutions of the catalyst precursor SBIZr(μ-Me)2AlMe2+ B(C6F5)4− (SBI = rac-dimethylsilyl-bis(1-indenyl)) at 23 °C is studied by following the accompanying UV-vis-spectral changes. These indicate that the onset of polymerization catalysis is associated with the concurrent formation of two distinct zirconocene species. One of these is proposed to consist of SBIZr-σ-polyhexenyl cations arising from SBIZr-Me+ (formed from SBIZr(μ-Me)2AlMe2+ by release of AlMe3) by repeated olefin insertions, while the other one is proposed to consist of SBIZr-η3-allyl cations of composition SBIZr-η3-(1-R-C3H4)+ (R = n-propyl), formed by σ-bond metathesis between SBIZr-Me+ and 1-hexene under release of methane. At later reaction stages, all zirconocene-σ–polymeryl cations appear to decay to yet another SBIZr-allyl species, i.e., to cations of the type SBIZr-η3-(x-R-(3-x)-pol-C3H3)+ (pol = i-polyhexenyl, x = 1 or 2). Renewed addition of excess 1-hexene is proposed to convert these sterically encumbered Zr-allyl cations back to catalytically active SBIZr-σ–polymeryl cations within a few seconds, presumably by initial 1-hexene insertion into the η1- isomer, followed by repeated additional insertions, while the initially formed, less crowded allyl cations, SBIZr-η3-(1-R-C3H4)+ appear to remain unchanged. Implications of these results with regard to the kinetics of zirconocene-catalyzed olefin polymerization are discussed.
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Propene oligomerisation at ambient temperature with [Cp(C5H4SiMe2tol)ZrMe2] (Cp = C5H5; tol = p-C6H5Me). Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Xing J, Sun H, Xue B, Li X, Fuhr O, Fenske D. Formation of 2-Azaallyl Cobalt(I) Complexes by Csp3–H Bond Activation. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Xing
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Sun
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benjing Xue
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institut
für Nanotechnologie (INT) und Karlsruher Nano-Micro-Facility
(KNMF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dieter Fenske
- Institut
für Nanotechnologie (INT) und Karlsruher Nano-Micro-Facility
(KNMF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Del Rosal I, Yahia A, Maron L. Effects of the Grafting of Lanthanum Complexes on a Silica Surface on the Reactivity: Influence on Ethylene, Propylene, and 1,3-Butadiene Homopolymerization. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:10024-10033. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iker Del Rosal
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, IRSAMC, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR 5215, IRSAMC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Ahmed Yahia
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, IRSAMC, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR 5215, IRSAMC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, IRSAMC, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR 5215, IRSAMC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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Theurkauff G, Bondon A, Dorcet V, Carpentier JF, Kirillov E. Heterobi- and -trimetallic Ion Pairs of Zirconocene-Based Isoselective Olefin Polymerization Catalysts with AlMe3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Theurkauff G, Bondon A, Dorcet V, Carpentier JF, Kirillov E. Heterobi- and -trimetallic Ion Pairs of Zirconocene-Based Isoselective Olefin Polymerization Catalysts with AlMe₃. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6343-6. [PMID: 25851273 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity towards AlMe3 of discrete cationic ansa-zirconocenes 2 a,b that are ubiquitously used in isoselective propylene polymerization and based on [{Ph(H)C(3,6-tBu2-Flu)(3-tBu-5-Et-Cp)}ZrMe2)] {Cp-Flu} and rac-[{Me2Si-(2-Me-4-Ph-Ind)2}ZrMe2] {SBI} was scrutinized. The first example of a structurally characterized Group 4 metallocene AlMe3 adduct (3 b) is reported. In the presence of excess AlMe3, the {SBI}-based AlMe3 adduct 3 b undergoes a slow decomposition via C-H activation in a bridging methyl unit to yield a new species (4 b) with a trimetallic {Zr(μ-CH2)(μ-Me)AlMe(μ-Me)AlMe2} core. EXSY NMR data for the process 2 b⇄3 b→4 b suggest very rapid and reversible binding of an additional AlMe3 molecule onto AlMe3 adduct 3 b. The resulting heterotrimetallic species intermediates exchange of methyl groups between different metal centers and slowly undergoes the C-H activation reaction towards 4 b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Theurkauff
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis Laboratories, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)
| | - Arnaud Bondon
- Ingénierie Chimique et Molécules pour le Vivant, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (France)
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis Laboratories, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France).,Centre de diffraction X, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (France)
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis Laboratories, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France).
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis Laboratories, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France).
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Vatamanu M. Observation of zirconium allyl species formed during zirconocene-catalyzed propene polymerization and mechanistic insights. J Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Panchenko VN, Babushkin DE, Brintzinger HH. Zirconium-allyl complexes as resting states in zirconocene-catalyzed α-olefin polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 36:249-53. [PMID: 25358835 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
UV-vis spectroscopic data indicate that zirconocene cations with Zr-bound allylic chain ends are generally formed during olefin polymerization with zirconocene catalysts. The rates and extent of their formation and of their re-conversion to the initial pre-catalyst cations depend on the types of zirconocene complexes and activators used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina N Panchenko
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Lavrent'eva 5, and Novosibirsk State University, Ul. Pirogova 2, RU-630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Babushkin DE, Panchenko VN, Brintzinger HH. Allylzirconiumkomplexe als Reaktionsteilnehmer bei der Zirconocen-katalysierten α-Olefinpolymerisation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Babushkin DE, Panchenko VN, Brintzinger HH. Zirconium allyl complexes as participants in zirconocene-catalyzed α-olefin polymerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9645-9. [PMID: 25044470 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In a search for the hitherto elusive catalyst resting state(s) of zirconocene-based olefin polymerization catalysts, a combination of UV/Vis and NMR spectrometric methods reveals that polymer-carrying cationic Zr allyl complexes make up about 90 % of the total catalyst concentration. Other catalyst species that take part in the polymerization process have to be generated from this allyl pool into which they appear to relapse rather frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii E Babushkin
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Science, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, RU 630090 Novosibirsk (Russian Federation).
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Vatamanu M. Synthesis, Structures, and Dynamic Features of d0 Zirconocene–Allyl Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om400972u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Vatamanu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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Ustynyuk LY, Fushman EA, Lalayan SS, Nifantév IE. Zirconocene catalysts for olefin polymerization: A comparative DFT study of systems with Al- and B-containing activators. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Moscato BM, Zhu B, Landis CR. Mechanistic Investigations into the Behavior of a Labeled Zirconocene Polymerization Catalyst. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beth M. Moscato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bolin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Clark R. Landis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Bochmann M. The Chemistry of Catalyst Activation: The Case of Group 4 Polymerization Catalysts. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om1004447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Bochmann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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Sauriol F, Wong E, Leung AMH, Donaghue IE, Baird MC, Wondimagegn T, Ziegler T. Structures and properties of nonchelated, d0 alkyl alkene complexes of the type [Cp2ZrMe(alkene)]+: elusive intermediates during Ziegler-Natta polymerizations of alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3342-5. [PMID: 19343747 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Caught in the act: An alkyl alkene Zr(IV) complex (see picture; Cp = C(5)H(5)) has been synthesized and characterized for the first time. The alkene bonding mode is highly asymmetric, and C2 is quite carbocationic. There is also evidence for rotation about the C1-C2 bond. This extremely unusual complex provides an exemplar of previously unknown intermediates in Ziegler-Natta and carbocationic polymerization reactions of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francoise Sauriol
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Sauriol F, Wong E, Leung A, Donaghue I, Baird M, Wondimagegn T, Ziegler T. Structures and Properties of Nonchelated, d 0Alkyl Alkene Complexes of the Type [Cp 2ZrMe(alkene)] +: Elusive Intermediates during Ziegler-Natta Polymerizations of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Price C, Chen HY, Launer L, Miller S. Weakly Coordinating Cations as Alternatives to Weakly Coordinating Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:956-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Price C, Chen HY, Launer L, Miller S. Weakly Coordinating Cations as Alternatives to Weakly Coordinating Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Saßmannshausen J. Cationic and dicationic zirconocene compounds as initiators of carbocationic isobutene polymerisation. Dalton Trans 2009:9026-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b908611k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pilmé J, Busico V, Cossi M, Talarico G. A possible 2,1→3,1 isomerization mechanism in zirconocene-catalyzed propene polymerization: An application of the density functional theory and combined ONIOM approach. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Aksenov AA, Contreras CS, Richardson DE, Eyler JR. Gas-Phase Reactions of Bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)methylzirconium Cations with Ketones and Aldehydes. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060585r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesar S. Contreras
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - David E. Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - John R. Eyler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
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Landis CR, Christianson MD. Metallocene-catalyzed alkene polymerization and the observation of Zr-allyls. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:15349-54. [PMID: 17032772 PMCID: PMC1834834 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0602704103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-site polymerization catalysts enable exquisite control over alkene polymerization reactions to produce new materials with unique properties. Knowledge of catalyst speciation and fundamental kinetics are essential for full mechanistic understanding of zirconocene-catalyzed alkene polymerization. Currently the effect of activators on fundamental polymerization steps is not understood. Progress in understanding activator effects requires determination of fundamental kinetics for zirconocene catalysts with noncoordinating anions such as [B(C6F5)4]-. Kinetic NMR studies at low temperature demonstrate a very fast propagation rate for 1-hexene polymerization catalyzed by [(SBI)Zr(CH2SiMe3)][B(C6F5)4] [where SBI is rac-Me2Si(indenyl)2] with complete consumption of 1-hexene before the first NMR spectrum. Surprisingly, the first NMR spectrum reveals, aside from uninitiated catalyst, Zr-allyls as the sole catalyst-containing species. These Zr-allyls, which exist in two diastereomeric forms, have been characterized by physical and chemical methods. The mechanism of Zr-allyl formation was probed with a trapping experiment, leading us to favor a mechanism in which Zr-polymeryl undergoes beta-H transfer to metal without dissociation of coordinated alkene followed by sigma-bond metathesis to form H2 and Zr-allyl. Zr-allyl species undergo slow reactions with alkene but react rapidly with H2 to form hydrogenation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark R Landis
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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27
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Graf M, Angermund K, Fink G, Thiel W, Jensen VR. Site epimerization in ansa-zirconocene polymerization catalysts. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jensen VR, Koley D, Jagadeesh MN, Thiel W. DFT Investigation of the Single-Center, Two-State Model for the Broken Rate Order of Transition Metal Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway, and Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway, and Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Mavinahalli N. Jagadeesh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway, and Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway, and Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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29
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Propene polymerization using ansa-metallocenium ions: Catalyst deactivation processes during monomer consumption and molecular structures of the products formed. Polyhedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Busico V, Cipullo R, Friederichs N, Linssen H, Segre A, Van Axel Castelli V, van der Velden G. H NMR Analysis of Chain Unsaturations in Ethene/1-Octene Copolymers Prepared with Metallocene Catalysts at High Temperature. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050620q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy, SABIC EuroPetrochemicals R&D, P.O. Box 319, 6160 AH Geleen, The Netherlands, DSM Resolve, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, M.B. 10, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy, SABIC EuroPetrochemicals R&D, P.O. Box 319, 6160 AH Geleen, The Netherlands, DSM Resolve, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, M.B. 10, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Italy
| | - Nic. Friederichs
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy, SABIC EuroPetrochemicals R&D, P.O. Box 319, 6160 AH Geleen, The Netherlands, DSM Resolve, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, M.B. 10, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Italy
| | - Harrie Linssen
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy, SABIC EuroPetrochemicals R&D, P.O. Box 319, 6160 AH Geleen, The Netherlands, DSM Resolve, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, M.B. 10, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Italy
| | - Annalaura Segre
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy, SABIC EuroPetrochemicals R&D, P.O. Box 319, 6160 AH Geleen, The Netherlands, DSM Resolve, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, M.B. 10, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Italy
| | - Valeria Van Axel Castelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy, SABIC EuroPetrochemicals R&D, P.O. Box 319, 6160 AH Geleen, The Netherlands, DSM Resolve, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, M.B. 10, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Italy
| | - Geert van der Velden
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy, SABIC EuroPetrochemicals R&D, P.O. Box 319, 6160 AH Geleen, The Netherlands, DSM Resolve, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, M.B. 10, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Italy
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31
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Ward BD, Orde G, Clot E, Cowley AR, Gade LH, Mountford P. Synthesis, Reactivity, and Computational Studies of the Cationic Tungsten Methyl Complex [W(NPh)(N2Npy)Me]+ and Related Compounds (N2Npy = MeC(2-C5H4N)(CH2NSiMe3)2). Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om049701l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Ward
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K., LSDSMS (UMR 5636), cc 14, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, and Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gavin Orde
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K., LSDSMS (UMR 5636), cc 14, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, and Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric Clot
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K., LSDSMS (UMR 5636), cc 14, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, and Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew R. Cowley
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K., LSDSMS (UMR 5636), cc 14, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, and Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K., LSDSMS (UMR 5636), cc 14, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, and Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip Mountford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K., LSDSMS (UMR 5636), cc 14, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, and Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Kissounko DA, Fettinger JC, Sita LR. Synthesis and characterization of cationic and zwitterionic allyl zirconium complexes derived from trimethylenemethane (TMM) cyclopentadienylzirconium acetamidinates. J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(03)00315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Nifant'ev IE, Ustynyuk LY, Besedin DV. Styrene Polymerization by Monocyclopentadienyl Titanium(III) Complexes: A DFT Study. The Effect of Counterion on the Kinetics and Mechanism of the Process. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om0300629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E. Nifant'ev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | | | - Dmitri V. Besedin
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
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34
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Lanza G, Fragalà IL, Marks TJ. Energetic, Structural, and Dynamic Aspects of Ethylene Polymerization Mediated by Homogeneous Single-Site “Constrained Geometry Catalysts” in the Presence of Cocatalyst and Solvation: An Investigation at the ab Initio Quantum Chemical Level. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om0207764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lanza
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Ignazio L. Fragalà
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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35
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Götz C, Rau A, Luft G. Ternary metallocene catalyst systems based on metallocene dichlorides and AlBu3i/[PhNMe2H][B(C6F5)4]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(01)00517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Yoder JC, Bercaw JE. Chain epimerization during propylene polymerization with metallocene catalysts: mechanistic studies using a doubly labeled propylene. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:2548-55. [PMID: 11890805 DOI: 10.1021/ja0123296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of chain epimerization during propylene polymerization with methylaluminoxane-activated rac-(EBTHI)ZrCl(2) and rac-(EBI)ZrCl(2) catalysts (EBTHI = ethylenebis(eta(5)-tetrahydroindenyl); EBI = ethylenebis(eta(5)-indenyl)) have been studied using specifically isotopically labeled propylene: CH(2)=CD(13)CH(3). These isospecific catalysts provide predominantly the expected [mmmm] pentads with [minus signCH(2)CD(13)CH(3)(-)] repeating units ((13)C NMR). Under relatively low propylene concentrations at 50 and 75 degreesC, where stereoerrors attributable to chain epimerization are prevalent, (13)C NMR spectra reveal (13)C-labeled methylene groups along the polymer main chain, together with [CD(13)CH(3)] units in [mmmr], [mmrr], and [mrrm] pentads and [CH(13)CH(3)] units in [mmmmmm] and [mmmmmr] heptads, as well as [mrrm] pentads. The isotopomeric regiomisplacements and stereoerrors are consistent with a mechanism involving beta-D elimination, olefin rotation and enantiofacial interconversions, and insertion to a tertiary alkyl intermediate [Zr-C(CH(2)D)((13)CH(3))P] (P = polymer chain), followed by the reverse steps to yield two stereoisomers of [Zr-CHDCH((13)CH(3))P] and [Zr-(13)CH(2)CH(CH(2)D)P], as well as unrearranged [Zr-CH(2)CD((13)CH(3))P]. The absence of observable [-CH(2)CH(13)CH(2)D-] in the [mrrm] pentad region of the (13)C NMR spectra provides evidence that an allyl/dihydrogen complex does not mediate chain epimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Yoder
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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37
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Kotov V, Avtomonov E, Sundermeyer J, Harms K, Lemenovskii D. Alkyl(amino)- and Alkyl(chloro)phosphanyl-Substituted Cyclopentadienyl Complexes of Titanium and Zirconium. Eur J Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0682(200203)2002:3<678::aid-ejic678>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Nifant'ev IE, Ustynyuk LY, Laikov DN. DFT Study of Ethylene Polymerization by Zirconocene−Boron Catalytic Systems. Effect of Counterion on the Kinetics and Mechanism of the Process. Organometallics 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/om010067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E. Nifant'ev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia
| | | | - Dmitri N. Laikov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia
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39
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Lanza G, Fragalà IL, Marks TJ. Metal and Ancillary Ligand Structural Effects on Ethylene Insertion Processes at Cationic Group 4 Centers. A Systematic, Comparative Quantum Chemical Investigation at Various ab Initio Levels. Organometallics 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/om0102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lanza
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Ignazio L. Fragalà
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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40
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Linnolahti M, Pakkanen T, Leino R, Luttikhedde H, Wilén CE, Näsman J. Conformational Preferences of Racemic Ethylene-Bridged Bis(indenyl)-Type Zirconocenes: An ab initio Hartree−Fock Study. Eur J Inorg Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0682(200108)2001:8<2033::aid-ejic2033>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Schaverien CJ, Ernst R, Schut P, Dall'Occo T. Ethylene Bis(2-indenyl) Zirconocenes: A New Class of Diastereomeric Metallocenes for the (Co)Polymerization of α-Olefins. Organometallics 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/om010160z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin J. Schaverien
- Shell Research and Technology Centre Amsterdam, Postbus 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Basell Polyolefins, Centro Ricerche G. Natta, P.le G. Donegani 12, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - René Ernst
- Shell Research and Technology Centre Amsterdam, Postbus 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Basell Polyolefins, Centro Ricerche G. Natta, P.le G. Donegani 12, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Peter Schut
- Shell Research and Technology Centre Amsterdam, Postbus 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Basell Polyolefins, Centro Ricerche G. Natta, P.le G. Donegani 12, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tiziano Dall'Occo
- Shell Research and Technology Centre Amsterdam, Postbus 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Basell Polyolefins, Centro Ricerche G. Natta, P.le G. Donegani 12, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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42
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Moscardi G, Resconi L, Cavallo L. Propene Polymerization with the Isospecific, Highly Regioselective rac-Me2C(3-t-Bu-1-Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO Catalyst. 2. Combined DFT/MM Analysis of Chain Propagation and Chain Release Reactions. Organometallics 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/om000680e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Moscardi
- Centro Ricerche G. Natta, Basell Polyolefins, P. le G. Donegani 12, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Resconi
- Centro Ricerche G. Natta, Basell Polyolefins, P. le G. Donegani 12, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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43
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Royo E, Royo P, Cuenca T, Galakhov M. Insertion of Terminal and Internal Acetylenes into the Zr−μ-Methylene Bond of the Dinuclear Cationic Zirconium Complex [{Zr(η5-C5H5)}2(μ-CH2)(μ-Cl)(μ-η5-C5H4-η5-C5H4)][BMe(C6F5)3]. Synthetic Aspects, NMR Spectroscopic Study, and Dynamic Behavior in Solution. Organometallics 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/om000664h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Royo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Pascual Royo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Tomás Cuenca
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Mikhail Galakhov
- NMR Spectroscopy Center, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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44
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Lieber S, Brintzinger HH. Propene Polymerization with Catalyst Mixtures Containing Different ansa-Zirconocenes: Chain Transfer to Alkylaluminum Cocatalysts and Formation of Stereoblock Polymers. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma000691j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Lieber
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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45
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Resconi L, Cavallo L, Fait A, Piemontesi F. Selectivity in propene polymerization with metallocene catalysts. Chem Rev 2000; 100:1253-346. [PMID: 11749266 DOI: 10.1021/cr9804691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1083] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Resconi
- Montell Polyolefins, Centro Ricerche G. Natta, P.le G. Donegani 12, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 4, 80134 Napoli, Italy
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