1
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Schüler P, Sengupta S, Koch A, Görls H, Krieck S, Westerhausen M. In situ Grignard Metalation Method, Part II: Scope of the One-Pot Synthesis of Organocalcium Compounds. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201897. [PMID: 35912418 PMCID: PMC9804548 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The in situ Grignard Metalation Method (iGMM) is a straightforward one-pot strategy to synthesize alkaline-earth metal amides in multi-gram scale with high yields via addition of bromoethane to an ethereal suspension of a primary or secondary amine and magnesium (Part I) or calcium (Part II). This method is highly advantageous because no activation of calcium is required prior to the reaction. Contrary to the magnesium-based iGMM, there are some limitations, the most conspicuous one is the large influence of steric factors. The preparation of Ca(hmds)2 succeeds smoothly within a few hours with excellent yields opening the opportunity to prepare large amounts of this reagent. Side reactions and transfer of the iGMM to substituted anilines and N-heterocycles as well as other H-acidic substrates such as cyclopentadienes are studied. Bulky amidines cannot be converted directly to calcium amidinates via the iGMM but stoichiometric calciation with Ca(hmds)2 enables their preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schüler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Simon Sengupta
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
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2
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Wang S, Wang D, Li T, Heng Y, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of the Uranium Bipyridyl Complex [{η 5-1,2,4-(Me 3Si) 3C 5H 2} 2U(bipy)]. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
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3
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Baguli S, Mondal S, Mandal C, Goswami S, Mukherjee D. Cyclopentadienyl Complexes of the Alkaline Earths in Light of the Periodic Trends. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202100962. [PMID: 34825506 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The electron-rich cyclopentadienyl and the analogous indenyl and fluorenyl ligands (collectively denoted here as Cp') have been impactful in stabilizing electron-deficient metal centers including the highly electropositive alkaline earths. Being in the s-block, the group 2 metals follow a major periodic variation in their atomic and ionic properties which is reflected in those Cp' compounds. This article presents an overview of this class of compounds for all the five metals from beryllium to barium (radium is excluded for its radioactivity), highlighting their systematic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Baguli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumana Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Chhotan Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Santu Goswami
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India
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4
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Uresk A, O'Neil NJ, Zhou Z, Wei Z, Petrukhina MA. Heavy alkaline earth π-complexes with doubly-reduced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of variable sizes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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de Bruin‐Dickason CN, Deacon GB, Jones C, Junk PC, Wiecko M. Functionalised Alkaline Earth Iodides from Grignard Synthons “PhAeI(thf)
n
” (Ae = Mg‐Ba). Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Glen B. Deacon
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Vic. 3800 Australia
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Vic. 3800 Australia
| | - Peter C. Junk
- College of Science & Engineering James Cook University Townsville, Qld., 4811 Australia
| | - Michal Wiecko
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Vic. 3800 Australia
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Lapshin IV, Yurova OS, Basalov IV, Rad'kov VY, Musina EI, Cherkasov AV, Fukin GK, Karasik AA, Trifonov AA. Amido Ca and Yb(II) Complexes Coordinated by Amidine-Amidopyridinate Ligands for Catalytic Intermolecular Olefin Hydrophosphination. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2942-2952. [PMID: 29443529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of amido Ca and Yb(II) complexes LM[N(SiMe3)2](THF) (1Yb, 1-4Ca) coordinated by amidine-amidopyridinate ligands L1-4 were synthesized via a transamination reaction between proligands L1-4H and bisamido complexes M[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2 (M = Yb, Ca). The reactions of Yb[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2 with proligands L2H-L4H containing CF3 and C6H4F fragments do not allow for preparing the target Yb(II) complexes, while the Ca analogues were synthesized in good yields. Complexes 1Yb and 1-4Ca were evaluated as precatalysts for hydrophosphination of styrene, p-substituted styrenes, α-Me-styrene, and 2,3-dimethylbutadiene with various primary and secondary phosphines (PhPH2, 2,4,6-Me3C6H2PH2, 2-C5NH4PH2, Ph2PH, Cy2PH). Complexes 1Yb, 1-4Ca performed high catalytic activities in styrene hydrophosphination with PhPH2 and Ph2PH and demonstrated high regioselectivity affording exclusively the anti-Markovnikov addition products. For primary PhPH2 the reactions (1:1 molar ratio of substrates) catalyzed by 1Yb, 1Ca, and 2Ca proved to be highly chemoselective affording the secondary phosphine Ph(PhCH2CH2)PH; however, complexes 3Ca and 4Ca led to the formation of both secondary and tertiary phosphines in 80:20 and 86:14 ratios. Styrene hydrophosphinations with 2,4,6-Me3C6H2PH2 and 2-pyridylphosphine for all complexes 1Yb and 1-4Ca proceeded much more slowly compared to PhPH2. Addition of 2-C5NH4PH2 to styrene catalyzed by complex 1Yb turned out to be non-regioselective and led to the formation of a mixture of Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov addition products, while all Ca complexes enabled regioselective anti-Markovnikov addition. Complexes 1Ca and 1Yb containing catalytic centers featuring similar ionic radii performed different catalytic activity: the ytterbium analogue proved to be a more active catalyst for intermolecular hydrophosphination of styrene with Cy2PH, 2-C5NH4PH2, and PhPH2, but less active with sterically demanding 2,4,6-Me3C6H2PH2. Styrenes containing in p-position electron-donating groups (Me, tBu, OMe) performed with noticeably lower rates in the reactions with PhPH2 compared to styrene. Complexes 1Yb, 1Ca, 2Ca, 3Ca, and 4Ca enabled addition of PhPH2 toward the double C═C bond of α-Me-styrene, and the reaction rate for this substrate is noticeably lower; however quantitative conversions were reached in ∼40 h. Complexes 1Ca and 2Ca promoted 1,2-addition of PhPH2 to 2,3-dimethyl butadiene with excellent regio- and chemoselectivity to afford linear secondary phosphines. Hydrophosphination of inert 1-nonene with Ph2PH with 40% conversion becomes possible due to the application of complex 2Ca (40 h, 70 °C). The rate law for the hydrophosphination of styrene with Ph2PH catalyzed by 1Ca was found to agree with the idealized equation: v = k[styrene]1[1Ca]1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Lapshin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 49 Tropinina str. , 603137 Nizhny Novgorod , GSP-445, Russia
| | - Olga S Yurova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 49 Tropinina str. , 603137 Nizhny Novgorod , GSP-445, Russia
| | - Ivan V Basalov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 49 Tropinina str. , 603137 Nizhny Novgorod , GSP-445, Russia
| | - Vasily Yu Rad'kov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 49 Tropinina str. , 603137 Nizhny Novgorod , GSP-445, Russia
| | - Elvira I Musina
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , 8 Academician Arbuzov str. , 420088 Kazan , Russia
| | - Anton V Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 49 Tropinina str. , 603137 Nizhny Novgorod , GSP-445, Russia
| | - Georgy K Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 49 Tropinina str. , 603137 Nizhny Novgorod , GSP-445, Russia
| | - Andrei A Karasik
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , 8 Academician Arbuzov str. , 420088 Kazan , Russia
| | - Alexander A Trifonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 49 Tropinina str. , 603137 Nizhny Novgorod , GSP-445, Russia.,A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences , 28 Vavilova str. , 119991 , Moscow , GSP-1, Russia
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7
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Westerhausen M, Koch A, Görls H, Krieck S. Heavy Grignard Reagents: Synthesis, Physical and Structural Properties, Chemical Behavior, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2016; 23:1456-1483. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
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8
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Gallegos C, Camacho R, Valiente M, Cuenca T, Cano J. Cyclopentadienyl-based Mg complexes in the intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkenes: mechanistic evidence for cationic versus neutral magnesium derivatives. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01040c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic evidence in the catalytic hydroamination of aminoalkenes for a cationic magnesium derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gallegos
- Dpto de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - Ruth Camacho
- Dpto de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - Mercedes Valiente
- Dpto de Química Física
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - Tomás Cuenca
- Dpto de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - Jesús Cano
- Dpto de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
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9
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Fitts LS, Bierschenk EJ, Hanusa TP, Rheingold AL, Pink M, Young VG. Selective modification of the metal coordination environment in heavy alkaline–earth iodide complexes. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01713d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The controlled formation of group 2 coordination complexes involves issues of metal acidity, ligand basicity, solvent effects, and steric pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey S. Fitts
- Department of Chemistry
- Vanderbilt University
- Nashville
- USA
| | | | | | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California at San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Maren Pink
- X-ray Crystallography Facility
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Victor G. Young
- X-ray Crystallography Facility
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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10
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Fecker AC, Freytag M, Jones PG, Zhao N, Zi G, Walter MD. Preparation of enantiomerically pure open calcocene and strontocene complexes and their application in ring opening polymerizations of rac-lactide. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:16325-31. [PMID: 26299415 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02851e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of C2 symmetric enantiomerically pure open Ca and Sr metallocenes, [(η(5)-pdl*)2Ca(thf)] (1) and [(η(5)-pdl*)2Sr(thf)2] (2) (pdl* = dimethylnopadienyl) is described and these complexes were fully characterized. The solid state structures confirm that the pdl* ligands coordinate exclusively with the less sterically demanding site to the Ca and Sr atoms. These complexes are active catalysts for the controlled ring opening polymerization (ROP) of rac-lactide to give heterotactically enriched polylactides (PL) with narrow polydispersities (PDI = 1.29-1.31) and without adding further activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Christin Fecker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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11
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Loh C, Seupel S, Görls H, Krieck S, Westerhausen M. Structural Evidence of Strong Calcium−π Interactions to Aryl Substituents Stabilized by Coexistent Agostic Bonds to Alkyl Groups. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500135g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claas Loh
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Seupel
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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12
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Group 1 cyclopentadienide/group 1,14-tert-butoxide adducts: Ion exchange and coordination polymer formation. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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George SM, Park BK, Kim CG, Chung TM. Synthesis of Heteroleptic Strontium Complexes Containing Substituted Cyclopentadienyl and β-Diketonate Ligands. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.3.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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15
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Köhler M, Langer J, Görls H, Westerhausen M. Synthesis and Molecular Structures of Meta-Substituted Arylcalcium Iodides. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om301087e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Köhler
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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16
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Langer J, Köhler M, Fischer R, Dündar F, Görls H, Westerhausen M. Arylcalcium Iodides in Tetrahydropyran: Solution Stability in Comparison to Aryllithium Reagents. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300508w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Langer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena,
Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias Köhler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena,
Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Reinald Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena,
Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Feyza Dündar
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena,
Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena,
Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena,
Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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17
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Michel O, Dietrich HM, Litlabø R, Törnroos KW, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Complexes of the Alkaline-Earth Metals: Alkylaluminate Precursors and Schlenk-Type Rearrangements. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300032c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Michel
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18A, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen,
Norway
| | - H. Martin Dietrich
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18A, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rannveig Litlabø
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen,
Norway
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen,
Norway
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18A, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18A, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Glock C, Görls H, Westerhausen M. N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylendiamine adducts of amido calcium bases – Synthesis of monomeric [(tmeda)Ca{N(SiMe3)2}2], [(tmeda)Ca{NiPr2}2], and dimeric Hauser base-type [(tmeda)Ca(tmp)(μ-I)]2 (tmp=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide). Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Langer J, Al-Shboul TMA, Younis FM, Görls H, Westerhausen M. Coordination Behavior and Coligand-Dependent cis/trans Isomerism of Calcium Bis(diphenylphosphanides). Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Jenter J, Köppe R, Roesky PW. 2,5-Bis{N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)iminomethyl}pyrrolyl Complexes of the Heavy Alkaline Earth Metals: Synthesis, Structures, and Hydroamination Catalysis. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om100937c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jenter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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21
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Harder S. From limestone to catalysis: application of calcium compounds as homogeneous catalysts. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3852-76. [PMID: 20420358 DOI: 10.1021/cr9003659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Harder
- Anorganische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.
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22
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Langer J, Krieck S, Fischer R, Görls H, Westerhausen M. Post-Grignard Reagents: Influence of the Coligands L on the Molecular Structures of Phenylcalcium Iodides [(L)nCa(R)I] and Calcium Diiodides [(L)nCaI2]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Barrett AGM, Crimmin MR, Hill MS, Procopiou PA. Heterofunctionalization catalysis with organometallic complexes of calcium, strontium and barium. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2009.0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the routine employment of Grignard reagents and Hauser bases as stoichiometric carbanion reagents in organic and inorganic synthesis, a defined reaction chemistry encompassing the heavier elements of Group II (M = Ca, Sr and Ba) has, until recently, remained unreported. This article provides details of the recent progress in heavier Group II catalysed small molecule transformations mediated by well-defined heteroleptic and homoleptic complexes of the form LMX or MX
2
; where L is a mono-anionic ligand and X is a reactive σ-bonded substituent. The intra- and intermolecular heterofunctionalization (hydroamination, hydrophosphination, hydrosilylation and hydrogenation) of alkenes, alkynes, dienes, carbodiimides, isocyanates and ketones is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G. M. Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark R. Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Panayiotis A. Procopiou
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
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Buchanan WD, Allis DG, Ruhlandt-Senge K. Synthesis and stabilization—advances in organoalkaline earth metal chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4449-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c002600j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Quisenberry KT, White RE, Hanusa TP, Brennessel WW. Allyl complexes of the heavy alkaline-earth metals: molecular structure and catalytic behavior. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cormier KW, Lewis M. Lithium and sodium cation binding of cyclopentadienyl anions: Electronic effects of cyclopentadienyl substitution. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2009.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Schumann H, Steffens A, Hummert M. Synthese, Röntgenstrukturanalyse und katalytische Aktivität neuer Erdalkalimetall-Alkinkomplexe. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Chisholm MH, Gallucci JC, Yaman G, Young T. On the remarkable structural diversity and kinetic lability of TpC*CaX complexes (X = NSi2Me6, OC6H4-p-Me, TpC*) where TpC* = tris[3-(2-methoxy-1,1-dimethylethyl)pyrazolyl]hydroborate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1828-30. [DOI: 10.1039/b818375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Deacon GB, Forsyth CM, Jaroschik F, Junk PC, Kay DL, Maschmeyer T, Masters AF, Wang J, Field LD. Accessing Decaphenylmetallocenes of Ytterbium, Calcium, and Barium by Desolvation of Solvent-Separated Ion Pairs: Overcoming Adverse Solubility Properties. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800501z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen B. Deacon
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Craig M. Forsyth
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Florian Jaroschik
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Peter C. Junk
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Danielle L. Kay
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas Maschmeyer
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Anthony F. Masters
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Leslie D. Field
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
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Barrett AGM, Crimmin MR, Hill MS, Hitchcock PB, Kociok-Köhn G, Procopiou PA. Triazenide Complexes of the Heavier Alkaline Earths: Synthesis, Characterization, And Suitability for Hydroamination Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:7366-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800789x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G. M. Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Mark R. Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Peter B. Hitchcock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Panayiotis A. Procopiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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Cameron TM, Xu C, Dipasquale AG, Rheingold AL. Synthesis and Structure of Strontium and Barium Guanidinates and Mixed-Ligand Guanidinate Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Complexes. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om701118j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Cameron
- ATMI Inc., 7 Commerce Drive, Danbury, Connecticut 06810, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| | - Chongying Xu
- ATMI Inc., 7 Commerce Drive, Danbury, Connecticut 06810, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| | - Antonio G. Dipasquale
- ATMI Inc., 7 Commerce Drive, Danbury, Connecticut 06810, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- ATMI Inc., 7 Commerce Drive, Danbury, Connecticut 06810, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
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33
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Barrett AGM, Crimmin MR, Hill MS, Hitchcock PB, Procopiou PA. Insertion reactions of β-diketiminate-stabilised calcium amides with 1,3-dialkylcarbodiimides. Dalton Trans 2008:4474-81. [DOI: 10.1039/b717383k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jaroschik F, Nief F, Le Goff XF, Ricard L. Synthesis and Reactivity of Organometallic Complexes of Divalent Thulium with Cyclopentadienyl and Phospholyl Ligands. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om700316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Jaroschik
- Laboratoire Hétéroéléments et Coordination, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - François Nief
- Laboratoire Hétéroéléments et Coordination, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Xavier-Frédéric Le Goff
- Laboratoire Hétéroéléments et Coordination, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Louis Ricard
- Laboratoire Hétéroéléments et Coordination, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Mishra S, Pfalzgraf LGH, Jeanneau E. Redistribution reactions of heteroleptic barium iodide derivatives: Synthesis and structures of trans-BaI2(DME)(triglyme), cis-BaI2(DME)(tetraglyme) and [Ba(tetraglyme)2]I2·C7H8. Polyhedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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El-Kaderi HM, Heeg MJ, Winter CH. Complexes of the heavier alkaline earth metals containing β-diketiminato and iodide ligand sets. Polyhedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Fischer R, Görls H, Westerhausen M. Reinvestigation of the synthesis of phenylcalcium iodide and the first structural characterization of a heavy Grignard reagent as [((thf)2CaPhI)3·(thf)CaO] with a central Ca4 tetrahedron. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2005.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Walter MD, Wolmershäuser G, Sitzmann H. Calcium, Strontium, Barium, and Ytterbium Complexes with Cyclooctatetraenyl or Cyclononatetraenyl Ligands1. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:17494-503. [PMID: 16332102 DOI: 10.1021/ja0550071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutral triple-decker complexes of the heavy alkaline earth metals and ytterbium with tetraisopropylcyclopentadienide anions as terminal ligands and a cyclooctatetraene dianion as a middle deck have been synthesized from tetraisopropylcyclopentadienyl metal halide precursors and disodium cyclooctatetraenide. The pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl analogue [{(C5iPr5)Yb}2(C8H8)] was prepared from ytterbium metal, cyclooctatetraene, and the free pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl radical. X-ray crystal structure determinations for the barium and the calcium derivative show an almost linear arrangement of ring centers and metal atoms in both cases with metal-ring center distances of 2.33 A (Ca-Cp), 1.99/1.98 A (Ca-COT) and 2.71 A (Ba-Cp), 2.40 A (Ba-COT). The geometrical features of these molecules could be modeled quite accurately with density functional calculations. With potassium cyclononatetraenide, sparingly soluble bis(cyclononatetraenyl)barium could be prepared and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Cyclononatetraenyl(tetraisopropylcyclopentadienyl)barium was obtained from [(C5HiPr4)BaI(THF)2]2 and KC9H9 as a 1:1 mixture with octaisopropylbarocene. Density functional calculations predict sandwich structures with parallel rings and a 2.37 A Ba-ring distance for [Ba(C9H9)2] and a 174 bending with metal-ring distances of 2.72 A (Ba-Cp) and 2.35 A (Ba-CNT) for [(C5HiPr4)Ba(C9H9)]. All alkaline earth sandwich and triple-decker complexes mentioned above have been heated to 250 degrees C without decomposition and have been sublimed in oil pump vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D Walter
- FB Chemie der Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Giesbrecht GR, Collis GE, Gordon JC, Clark DL, Scott BL, Hardman NJ. Mono-cyclopentadienyl complexes of lanthanum: synthesis and characterization of anilido derivatives. J Organomet Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Harvey M, Quisenberry K, Hanusa T, Young Jr. V. A Homologous Series of Base‐Free Organo(alkaline‐earth) Metallocenes: Synthesis and Molecular Structures of [1,2,4‐(SiMe
3
)
3
C
5
H
2
]
2
(Ca, Sr, Ba). Eur J Inorg Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J. Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A., Fax: (internat.) + 1‐615/343‐1234
| | - Keith T. Quisenberry
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A., Fax: (internat.) + 1‐615/343‐1234
| | - Timothy P. Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S.A., Fax: (internat.) + 1‐615/343‐1234
| | - Victor G. Young Jr.
- X‐ray Crystallographic Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A., Fax: (internat.) + 1‐612/626‐7541
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Fromm K, Maudez W. Polar Molecular Precursors for Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Clusters and Low-Dimensional Polymer Structures: the Solid-State Structures of [CaI(dme)3]I, andcis-[SrI2(diglyme)2] (dme = CH3OC2H4OCH3; diglyme = CH3(OC2H4)2OCH3). Eur J Inorg Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sitzmann H, Weber F, Walter MD, Wolmershäuser G. Mono(alkylcyclopentadienyl) Complexes of Barium and Strontium. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om020034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Sitzmann
- FB Chemie der Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frank Weber
- FB Chemie der Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Marc D. Walter
- FB Chemie der Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gotthelf Wolmershäuser
- FB Chemie der Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Giesbrecht GR, Clark DL, Gordon JC, Scott BL. Syntheses and structures of mono-cyclopentadienyl di-iodide complexes of the lanthanides: X-ray crystal structures of Cp?LaI2py3 (Cp? = [?5-C5H2(SiMe3)3-1,2,4]?; py = pyridine) and Cp?LaI2(bipy)py (bipy = 2, 2?-bipyridine). Appl Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sánchez M, Harvey MJ, Nordstrom F, Parkin S, Atwood DA. Salen-type compounds of calcium and strontium. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:5397-402. [PMID: 12377033 DOI: 10.1021/ic020101t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Salen complexes of the heavy alkaline-earth metals, calcium and strontium, were prepared by the reaction of various salen(t-Bu)H(2) ligands with the metals in ethanol. Six new calcium and strontium compounds, [Ca(salen(t-Bu))(HOEt)(2)(thf)] (1), [Ca(salen(t-Bu))(HOEt)(2)] (2), [Ca(salpen(t-Bu))(HOEt)(3)] (3), [Ca(salophen(t-Bu))(HOEt)(thf)] (4), [Sr(salen(t-Bu))(HOEt)(3)] (5), and [Sr(salophen(t-Bu))(HOEt)(thf)(2)] (6), were formed in this way with the quatridentate Schiff-base ligands N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)ethylenediamine (salen(t-Bu)H(2)), N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine (salpen(t-Bu)H(2)), and N,N'-o-phenylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine (salophen(t-Bu)H(2)). Initially, ammonia solutions of the metals were combined with the salen(t-Bu)H(2) ligands, and in the reaction of strontium with salen(t-Bu)H(2), the unusual tetrametallic cluster [(OC(6)H(2)(t-Bu)(2)CHN(CH(2))(2)NH(2))Sr(mu(3)-salean(t-Bu)H(2))Sr(mu(3)-OH)](2) (7) was produced (salean(t-Bu)H(4) = N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine). In this compound, the imine bonds of the salen(t-Bu)H(2) ligand were reduced to form the known ligands salean(t-Bu)H(4) and (HO)C(6)H(2)(t-Bu)(2)CHN(CH(2))(2)NH(2). Compounds 1, 5, 6, and 7 were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for 1 (C(44)H(74)CaN(2)O(6)): triclinic space group P(-)1, a = 8.3730(10) A, b = 14.8010(10) A, c = 18.756(2) A, alpha = 72.551(10) degrees, beta = 81.795(10) degrees, gamma = 78.031(10) degrees, Z = 2. Crystal data for 5 (C(38)H(64)SrN(2)O(5)): monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, a = 23.634(3) A, b = 8.4660(10) A, c = 24.451(3) A, beta = 101.138(10) degrees, Z = 4. Crystal data for 6 (C(46)H(67)N(2)O(5)Sr): orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 10.5590(2) A, b = 16.2070(3) A, c = 26.7620(6) A, Z = 4. Crystal data for 7 (C(98)H(156)N(8)O(8)Sr(4)): triclinic space group P(-)1, a = 14.667(1) A, b = 15.670(1) A, c = 18.594(2) A, alpha = 92.26(1) degrees, beta = 111.84(1) degrees, gamma = 117.12(1) degrees, Z = 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
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Blair S, Izod K, Clegg W. A homologous series of alkaline earth phosphanides: syntheses, crystal structures, and unusual dynamic behavior of (THF)(n)M[P(CH(SiMe(3))(2))(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)NMe(2))](2) (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba). Inorg Chem 2002; 41:3886-93. [PMID: 12132912 DOI: 10.1021/ic0201194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The secondary phosphine R(Me(2)NCH(2)-2-C(6)H(4))PH reacts with Bu(2)Mg to give the homoleptic complex Mg[PR(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)NMe(2))](2) (1) [R = CH(SiMe(3))(2)]. The analogous heavier alkaline earth metal complexes (THF)(n)Ae[PR(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)NMe(2))](2) [Ae = Ca (2), n = 0; Ae = Sr (3), Ba (4), n = 1] have been synthesized by metathesis reactions between K[PR(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)NMe(2))] and 0.5 equiv of the respective alkaline earth metal diiodide. Compounds 1-4 have been characterized by X-ray crystallography and multielement NMR spectroscopy. In the solid state, compounds 1-4 are monomeric, complexes 1 and 2 adopting a distorted tetrahedral geometry and complexes 3 and 4 adopting a distorted square pyramidal geometry (1: orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 11.413(3) A, b = 12.072(3) A, c = 32.620(11) A, Z = 4. 2: monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 9.5550(4) A, b = 17.4560(7) A, c = 24.5782(10) A, beta = 91.673(2) degrees, Z = 4. 3: monoclinic, C2/c, a = 15.0498(9) A, b = 13.0180(8) A, c = 24.3664(14) A, beta = 104.593(2) degrees, Z = 4. 4: monoclinic, C2/c, a = 15.2930(10) A, b = 13.0326(9) A, c = 24.6491(17) A, beta = 105.542(2) degrees, Z = 4). In toluene solution, compounds 2-4 are subject to dynamic processes which are attributed to a monomer-dimer equilibrium for which bridge-terminal exchange of the phosphanide ligands in the dimer may be frozen out at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Blair
- Department of Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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46
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Hanusa TP. New Developments in the Cyclopentadienyl Chemistry of the Alkaline-Earth Metals. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om020168o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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47
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Jayaratne KC, Fitts LS, Hanusa TP, Young VG. Formation and Crystal Structure of a Cationic Mono(cyclopentadienyl) Complex of Calcium, [(C5Me5)Ca(OPPh3)3]+I-. Organometallics 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/om010399f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumudini C. Jayaratne
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Lacey S. Fitts
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Timothy P. Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Victor G. Young
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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Harvey MJ, Hanusa TP, Young VG. Formation and crystal structures of a monomer–dimer pair of mono(cyclopentadienyl)calcium complexes, [C5(t-Bu)3H2]2CaI(THF)2 and {[C5(t-Bu)3H2]2CaI(THF)}2. J Organomet Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(01)00658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brady ED, Hanusa TP, Pink M, Young VG. The first noncoordinated phosphonium diylide, [Me2P(C13H8)2]-, and its ylidic and cationic counterparts: synthesis, structural characterization, and interaction with the heavy group 2 metals. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:6028-37. [PMID: 11188523 DOI: 10.1021/ic000838n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of potassium or lithium fluorenide with MePCl2 generates the organophosphine MeP(C13H9)2, which on reaction with methyl iodide produces the phosphonium species [Me2P(C13H9)2]I in 74% yield. In the solid state, H...I contacts of < 3.3 A help generate a layered structure in which the fluorenyl rings are nearly parallel. On subsequent reaction of [Me2P(C13H9)2]I with either KH or K[N(SiMe3)2], the corresponding neutral phosphoylide, Me2P(C13H9)(C13H8), forms in 67% yield and was structurally characterized. The phosphonium iodide [Me2P(C13H9)2]I was allowed to react with Ae[N(SiMe3)2]2 (Ae = Ca, Ba), and the product from the reaction with the calcium complex was structurally identified as the salt [CaI(thf)5][Me2P(C13H8)2]. The anion, which is outside the coordination sphere of the calcium, represents the first structurally authenticated example of a free phosphonium diylide. The P-C(ylidic) bond length of 1.748(4) A reflects some partial multiple bond character. 1H and 31P NMR spectra suggest that the barium analogue is similar. Density functional theory calculations were performed on representative phosphonium diylides as an aid to interpreting the bonding in this class of compounds. Despite the strong electrostatic attraction that usually drives metal-ligand binding in highly ionic systems, calcium and barium prefer to coordinate to a single iodide ion and several neutral oxygen donors rather than to the charged diylide.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Brady
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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