1
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Patil PD, Salokhe S, Karvekar A, Suryavanshi P, Phirke AN, Tiwari MS, Nadar SS. Microfluidic based continuous enzyme immobilization: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127358. [PMID: 37827414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional techniques for enzyme immobilization suffer from suboptimal activity recovery due to insufficient enzyme loading and inadequate stability. Furthermore, these techniques are time-consuming and involve multiple steps which limit the applicability of immobilized enzymes. In contrast, the use of microfluidic devices for enzyme immobilization has garnered significant attention due to its ability to precisely control immobilization parameters, resulting in highly active immobilized enzymes. This approach offers several advantages, including reduced time and energy consumption, enhanced mass-heat transfer, and improved control over the mixing process. It maintains the superior structural configuration in immobilized form which ultimately affects the overall efficiency. The present review article comprehensively explains the design, construction, and various methods employed for enzyme immobilization using microfluidic devices. The immobilized enzymes prepared using these techniques demonstrated excellent catalytic activity, remarkable stability, and outstanding recyclability. Moreover, they have found applications in diverse areas such as biosensors, biotransformation, and bioremediation. The review article also discusses potential future developments and foresees significant challenges associated with enzyme immobilization using microfluidics, along with potential remedies. The development of this advanced technology not only paves the way for novel and innovative approaches to enzyme immobilization but also allows for the straightforward scalability of microfluidic-based techniques from an industrial standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin D Patil
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, SVKM'S NMIMS Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Sakshi Salokhe
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India
| | - Aparna Karvekar
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India
| | - Prabhavati Suryavanshi
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India
| | - Ajay N Phirke
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, SVKM'S NMIMS Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Manishkumar S Tiwari
- Department of Data Science, SVKM'S NMIMS Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Shamraja S Nadar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
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2
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Taylor CJ, Pomberger A, Felton KC, Grainger R, Barecka M, Chamberlain TW, Bourne RA, Johnson CN, Lapkin AA. A Brief Introduction to Chemical Reaction Optimization. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3089-3126. [PMID: 36820880 PMCID: PMC10037254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
From the start of a synthetic chemist's training, experiments are conducted based on recipes from textbooks and manuscripts that achieve clean reaction outcomes, allowing the scientist to develop practical skills and some chemical intuition. This procedure is often kept long into a researcher's career, as new recipes are developed based on similar reaction protocols, and intuition-guided deviations are conducted through learning from failed experiments. However, when attempting to understand chemical systems of interest, it has been shown that model-based, algorithm-based, and miniaturized high-throughput techniques outperform human chemical intuition and achieve reaction optimization in a much more time- and material-efficient manner; this is covered in detail in this paper. As many synthetic chemists are not exposed to these techniques in undergraduate teaching, this leads to a disproportionate number of scientists that wish to optimize their reactions but are unable to use these methodologies or are simply unaware of their existence. This review highlights the basics, and the cutting-edge, of modern chemical reaction optimization as well as its relation to process scale-up and can thereby serve as a reference for inspired scientists for each of these techniques, detailing several of their respective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Taylor
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
- Innovation Centre in Digital Molecular Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Alexander Pomberger
- Innovation Centre in Digital Molecular Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Kobi C Felton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Rachel Grainger
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Magda Barecka
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602 Singapore
| | - Thomas W Chamberlain
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Richard A Bourne
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Christopher N Johnson
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Alexei A Lapkin
- Innovation Centre in Digital Molecular Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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3
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Mechanism and kinetics of epoxide ring-opening with carboxylic acids catalyzed by the corresponding carboxylates. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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Harenberg JH, Weidmann N, Wiegand AJ, Hoefer CA, Annapureddy RR, Knochel P. (2-Ethylhexyl)sodium: A Hexane-Soluble Reagent for Br/Na-Exchanges and Directed Metalations in Continuous Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14296-14301. [PMID: 33826212 PMCID: PMC8252725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the on-demand generation of hexane-soluble (2-ethylhexyl)sodium (1) from 3-(chloromethyl)heptane (2) using a sodium-packed-bed reactor under continuous flow conditions. Thus, the resulting solution of 1 is free of elemental sodium and therefore suited for a range of synthetic applications. This new procedure avoids the storage of an alkylsodium and limits the handling of metallic sodium to a minimum. (2-Ethylhexyl)sodium (1) proved to be a very useful reagent and undergoes in-line Br/Na-exchanges as well as directed sodiations. The resulting arylsodium intermediates are subsequently trapped in batch with various electrophiles such as ketones, aldehydes, Weinreb-amides, imines, allyl bromides, disulfides and alkyl iodides. A reaction scale-up of the Br/Na-exchange using an in-line electrophile quench was also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes H. Harenberg
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Niels Weidmann
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Alexander J. Wiegand
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Carla A. Hoefer
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | | | - Paul Knochel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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5
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Harenberg JH, Weidmann N, Wiegand AJ, Hoefer CA, Annapureddy RR, Knochel P. (2‐Ethylhexyl)natrium: Ein hexanlösliches Reagenz für Br/Na‐Austauschreaktionen und dirigierte Metallierungen im kontinuierlichen Durchfluss. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes H. Harenberg
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Niels Weidmann
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Alexander J. Wiegand
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Carla A. Hoefer
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Rajasekar Reddy Annapureddy
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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6
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Hall BL, Taylor CJ, Labes R, Massey AF, Menzel R, Bourne RA, Chamberlain TW. Autonomous optimisation of a nanoparticle catalysed reduction reaction in continuous flow. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4926-4929. [PMID: 33870978 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00859e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An automated continuous flow reactor system equipped with inline analysis, was developed and applied in the self-optimisation of a nanoparticle catalysed reaction. The system was used to optimise the experimental conditions of a gold nanoparticle catalysed 4-nitrophenol reduction reaction, towards maximum conversion in under 2.5 hours. The data obtained from this optimisation was then used to generate a kinetic model, allowing us to predict the outcome of the reaction under different conditions. By combining continuous flow nanoparticle synthesis with this approach, the development timeline for these emerging catalysts could be significantly accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan L Hall
- Institute for Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Connor J Taylor
- Institute for Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Ricardo Labes
- Institute for Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Alexander F Massey
- Institute for Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Robert Menzel
- Institute for Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Richard A Bourne
- Institute for Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Thomas W Chamberlain
- Institute for Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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7
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Neyt NC, Riley DL. Application of reactor engineering concepts in continuous flow chemistry: a review. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of flow technology for the manufacture of chemical entities, and in particular pharmaceuticals, has seen rapid growth over the past two decades with the technology now blurring the lines between chemistry and chemical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Neyt
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pretoria
- South Africa
| | - Darren L. Riley
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pretoria
- South Africa
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8
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9
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Colon BA, Hassan MR, Saleheen A, Baker CA, Calhoun TR. Total Internal Reflection Transient Absorption Microscopy: An Online Detection Method for Microfluidics. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4160-4170. [PMID: 32338897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microreactors have garnered widespread attention for their tunability and precise control of synthetic parameters to efficiently produce target species. Despite associated advances, a lack of online detection and optimization methods has stalled the progression of microfluidic reactors. Here we employ and characterize a total internal reflection transient absorption microscopy (TIRTAM) instrument to image excited state dynamics on a continuous flow device. The experiments presented demonstrate the capability to discriminate between different chromophores as well as in differentiating the effects of local chemical environments that a chromophore experiences. This work presents the first such online transient absorption measurements and provides a new direction for the advancement and optimization of chemical reactions in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Colon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Muhammad Redwan Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Amirus Saleheen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Christopher A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tessa R Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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10
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Russell MG, Jamison TF. Seven‐Step Continuous Flow Synthesis of Linezolid Without Intermediate Purification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7678-7681. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Grace Russell
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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11
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Seven‐Step Continuous Flow Synthesis of Linezolid Without Intermediate Purification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Yao X, Deng Q, Wang S, Wang W, Hou YI, Gao Z, Wu Y, Guo Z. Acetone Iodination Kinetics in Flow with Online UV Monitoring and Continuous Control. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University No1 Huhan Road Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Qiulin Deng
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy MaterialsSouthwest University of Science and Technology 59 Qinglong Road Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
| | - Shuhao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University No1 Huhan Road Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University No1 Huhan Road Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - YIxin Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University No1 Huhan Road Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University No1 Huhan Road Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Yingshuang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University No1 Huhan Road Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Zengjing Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University No1 Huhan Road Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
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13
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Anionic Polymerization Using Flow Microreactors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24081532. [PMID: 31003462 PMCID: PMC6514773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flow microreactors are expected to make a revolutionary change in chemical synthesis involving various fields of polymer synthesis. In fact, extensive flow microreactor studies have opened up new possibilities in polymer chemistry including cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, radical polymerization, coordination polymerization, polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization. This review provides an overview of flow microreactors in anionic polymerization and their various applications.
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14
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Baumann M. Integrating continuous flow synthesis with in-line analysis and data generation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:5946-5954. [PMID: 30062354 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01437j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Continuous flow synthesis of fine chemicals has successfully advanced from an academic niche area to a rapidly growing field of its own that directly impacts developments and applications in industrial settings. Whilst the numerous advantages of flow over batch processing are widely recognised and have led to a wider uptake of continuous flow synthesis within the community, we have reached a point where continuous flow synthesis has to transition from a stand-alone enabling technology to a readily integrated synthesis concept. Thus it is paramount to embrace a multitude of in-line analysis and purification techniques to not only allow for efficiently telescoped multi-step sequences but ultimately generate bioactivity data concomitantly on newly synthesised entities. This short review summarises the state of the art in this field and presents both challenges and opportunities that arise from this ambitious endeavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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15
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Jaman Z, Sobreira TJP, Mufti A, Ferreira CR, Cooks RG, Thompson DH. Rapid On-Demand Synthesis of Lomustine under Continuous Flow Conditions. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zinia Jaman
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tiago J. P. Sobreira
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ahmed Mufti
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christina R. Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David H. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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16
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Hone CA, Boyd A, O'Kearney-McMullan A, Bourne RA, Muller FL. Definitive screening designs for multistep kinetic models in flow. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00180h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A definitive screening design (DSD) combined with reaction profiling was conducted using a flow reactor, in a short time frame, for the accurate estimation of kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Hone
- Institute of Process Research and Development (iPRD)
- School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- UK
| | | | | | - Richard A. Bourne
- Institute of Process Research and Development (iPRD)
- School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- UK
| | - Frans L. Muller
- Institute of Process Research and Development (iPRD)
- School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- UK
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17
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Schwolow S, Mutsch B, Kockmann N, Röder T. Model-based scale-up and reactor design for solvent-free synthesis of an ionic liquid in a millistructured flow reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00148k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Based on kinetic investigations in microreactors, a millistructured plate reactor for a solvent-free ionic liquid synthesis was designed by combining several scale-up concepts to maintain thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schwolow
- Mannheim University of Applied Sciences
- Institute of Chemical Process Engineering
- 68163 Mannheim
- Germany
| | - Benedikt Mutsch
- Mannheim University of Applied Sciences
- Institute of Chemical Process Engineering
- 68163 Mannheim
- Germany
| | - Norbert Kockmann
- TU Dortmund University
- Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Equipment Design
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Thorsten Röder
- Mannheim University of Applied Sciences
- Institute of Chemical Process Engineering
- 68163 Mannheim
- Germany
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18
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Xin D, Lu Y. Thermal Decomposition of Ethyl Diazoacetate in Microtube Reactor: A Kinetics Study. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10526-10533. [PMID: 31459178 PMCID: PMC6645479 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) commonly experiences intensive decomposition as well as complex conversion concerning safety and efficiency. In this work, a careful kinetics study on the thermal decomposition of EDA was isothermally conducted in a microtube reactor to establish a mechanism-based kinetic model. The model parameters were well calibrated with experimental data including the yield of dimmers and the conversion of EDA, confirming the rationality of the proposed three-step reaction route. It allows the model to concisely describe the complex species transformations during EDA decomposition, which is unavailable for an apparent kinetic model. Considering an isothermal reaction system and the tolerance of EDA consumption by thermal decomposition, this work could help reveal the requirement on the kinetic characteristics of the desired catalytic reaction in which EDA is involved, as a reference on reaction process modeling and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yangcheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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19
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Pinheiro DDS, Silva RRDO, Calvo PVC, Fernandes da Silva M, Converti A, Palma MSA. Microreactor Technology as a Tool for the Synthesis of a Glitazone Drug Intermediate. Chem Eng Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201800189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo da Silva Pinheiro
- São Paulo University; Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 16 05508-000 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Renan Rodrigues de Oliveira Silva
- São Paulo University; Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 16 05508-000 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Paulo Victor Cuesta Calvo
- São Paulo University; Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 16 05508-000 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Milena Fernandes da Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco; Bioscience Center; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária 50670-420 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Attilio Converti
- Genoa University, Pole of Chemical Engineering; Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Via Opera Pia 15 16145 Genoa Italy
| | - Mauri Sergio Alves Palma
- São Paulo University; Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 16 05508-000 São Paulo, SP Brazil
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20
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Zhu F, Xie Y, Zhang J, Tian G, Qin H, Yang X, Hu T, He Y, Aisa HA, Shen J. A Facile Epoxide Aminolysis Promoted by ( t-BuO) 2Mg and Its Application to the Synthesis of Efinaconazole. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuanchao Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd., Building 1, No. 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Shanghai 201209, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Tian
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd., Building 1, No. 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Shanghai 201209, P. R. China
| | - Hongjian Qin
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd., Building 1, No. 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Shanghai 201209, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd., Building 1, No. 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Shanghai 201209, P. R. China
| | - Tianwen Hu
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd., Building 1, No. 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Shanghai 201209, P. R. China
| | - Yang He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Haji A. Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P. R. China
| | - Jingshan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
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21
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Znidar D, Cantillo D, Inglesby P, Boyd A, Kappe CO. Process Intensification and Integration Studies for the Generation of a Key Aminoimidazole Intermediate in the Synthesis of Lanabecestat. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Znidar
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - David Cantillo
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Phillip Inglesby
- AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Boyd
- AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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22
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Zhou F, Zhang B, Liu H, Wen Z, Wang K, Chen G. Facile Preparation of N-Alkyl-2-pyrrolidones in a Continuous-Flow Microreactor. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongchen Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenghui Wen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangwen Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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23
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Porcar R, Lozano P, Burguete MI, Garcia-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Dimethyl carbonate as a non-innocent benign solvent for the multistep continuous flow synthesis of amino alcohols. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient methodology for the production and resolution of amino alcohols with a low environmental impact has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Porcar
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- Spain
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Murcia
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- E-30100 Murcia
| | - Maria Isabel Burguete
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Verdugo
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- Spain
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24
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Zhang J, Wang K, Teixeira AR, Jensen KF, Luo G. Design and Scaling Up of Microchemical Systems: A Review. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2017; 8:285-305. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060816-101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a rapid development of microreactors. A substantial number of reactions have been tested in microchemical systems, revealing the advantages of controlled residence time, enhanced transport efficiency, high product yield, and inherent safety. This review defines the microchemical system and describes its components and applications as well as the basic structures of micromixers. We focus on mixing, flow dynamics, and mass and heat transfer in microreactors along with three strategies for scaling up microreactors: parallel numbering-up, consecutive numbering-up, and scale-out. We also propose a possible methodology to design microchemical systems. Finally, we provide a summary and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Kai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Andrew R. Teixeira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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25
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Plutschack MB, Pieber B, Gilmore K, Seeberger PH. The Hitchhiker's Guide to Flow Chemistry ∥. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11796-11893. [PMID: 28570059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1033] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Flow chemistry involves the use of channels or tubing to conduct a reaction in a continuous stream rather than in a flask. Flow equipment provides chemists with unique control over reaction parameters enhancing reactivity or in some cases enabling new reactions. This relatively young technology has received a remarkable amount of attention in the past decade with many reports on what can be done in flow. Until recently, however, the question, "Should we do this in flow?" has merely been an afterthought. This review introduces readers to the basic principles and fundamentals of flow chemistry and critically discusses recent flow chemistry accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Plutschack
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Klavs F. Jensen
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; MIT; Room 66-542A, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139
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27
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Pinho B, Hartman RL. Microfluidics with in situ Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of non-polar/aqueous interfaces. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00177g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The design of microfluidics with in situ Raman spectroscopy is reported in the present work for the investigation of immiscible non-polar/aqueous interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pinho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- New York University
- Brooklyn
- USA
| | - Ryan L. Hartman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- New York University
- Brooklyn
- USA
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28
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Saddique FA, Zahoor AF, Faiz S, Naqvi SAR, Usman M, Ahmad M. Recent trends in ring opening of epoxides by amines as nucleophiles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1170148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Faiz
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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29
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Moore JS, Smith CD, Jensen KF. Kinetics analysis and automated online screening of aminocarbonylation of aryl halides in flow. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00007j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of aromatic bromides was investigated in both a silicon microreactor and a packed-bed tubular reactor. An automated transient temperature ramp method with in-line IR analysis led to significantly more rapid determination of reaction kinetics than traditional steady-state screening for offline GC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Moore
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- The Dow Chemical Company
| | - Christopher D. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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30
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Vanoye L, Wang J, Pablos M, Philippe R, Bellefon CD, Favre-Réguillon A. Continuous, Fast, and Safe Aerobic Oxidation of 2-Ethylhexanal: Pushing the Limits of the Simple Tube Reactor for a Gas/Liquid Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Vanoye
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques, UMR 5285, CPE Lyon, 43 bld du 11
nov. 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jiadi Wang
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques, UMR 5285, CPE Lyon, 43 bld du 11
nov. 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mertxe Pablos
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques, UMR 5285, CPE Lyon, 43 bld du 11
nov. 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Régis Philippe
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques, UMR 5285, CPE Lyon, 43 bld du 11
nov. 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claude de Bellefon
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques, UMR 5285, CPE Lyon, 43 bld du 11
nov. 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Favre-Réguillon
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques, UMR 5285, CPE Lyon, 43 bld du 11
nov. 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers,
CASER-SITI, 292 rue Saint Martin, 75003 Paris, France
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31
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Gutmann B, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Continuous-flow technology—a tool for the safe manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6688-728. [PMID: 25989203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 879] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, continuous-flow reactors with channel dimensions in the micro- or millimeter region have found widespread application in organic synthesis. The characteristic properties of these reactors are their exceptionally fast heat and mass transfer. In microstructured devices of this type, virtually instantaneous mixing can be achieved for all but the fastest reactions. Similarly, the accumulation of heat, formation of hot spots, and dangers of thermal runaways can be prevented. As a result of the small reactor volumes, the overall safety of the process is significantly improved, even when harsh reaction conditions are used. Thus, microreactor technology offers a unique way to perform ultrafast, exothermic reactions, and allows the execution of reactions which proceed via highly unstable or even explosive intermediates. This Review discusses recent literature examples of continuous-flow organic synthesis where hazardous reactions or extreme process windows have been employed, with a focus on applications of relevance to the preparation of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Gutmann
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net.
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32
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Gutmann B, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Kontinuierliche Durchflussverfahren: ein Werkzeug für die sichere Synthese von pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Kilcher E, Freymond S, Vanoli E, Marti R, Schmidt G, Abele S. Continuous Process for Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Bisalkylation of Cyclopentadiene for the Synthesis of Spiro[2.4]hepta-4,6-diene. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elia Kilcher
- HES-SO Haute école spécialisée de Suisse occidentale, Haute école d’ingénierie et d’architecture de Fribourg, Institut Chemical Technology, Bd Pérolles 80, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Freymond
- HES-SO Haute école spécialisée de Suisse occidentale, Haute école d’ingénierie et d’architecture de Fribourg, Institut Chemical Technology, Bd Pérolles 80, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ennio Vanoli
- HES-SO Haute école spécialisée de Suisse occidentale, Haute école d’ingénierie et d’architecture de Fribourg, Institut Chemical Technology, Bd Pérolles 80, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Roger Marti
- HES-SO Haute école spécialisée de Suisse occidentale, Haute école d’ingénierie et d’architecture de Fribourg, Institut Chemical Technology, Bd Pérolles 80, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Schmidt
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Abele
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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34
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Heublein N, Moore JS, Smith CD, Jensen KF. Investigation of Petasis and Ugi reactions in series in an automated microreactor system. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13626h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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35
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Newby JA, Blaylock DW, Witt PM, Pastre JC, Zacharova MK, Ley SV, Browne DL. Design and Application of a Low-Temperature Continuous Flow Chemistry Platform. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500213j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Newby
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | | | - Paul M. Witt
- Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Julio C. Pastre
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Marija K. Zacharova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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36
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Shifting Chemical Equilibria in Flow-Efficient Decarbonylation Driven by Annular Flow Regimes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11557-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Gutmann B, Elsner P, Glasnov T, Roberge DM, Kappe CO. Shifting Chemical Equilibria in Flow-Efficient Decarbonylation Driven by Annular Flow Regimes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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39
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Robinson JR, Fan X, Yadav J, Carroll PJ, Wooten AJ, Pericàs MA, Schelter EJ, Walsh PJ. Air- and Water-Tolerant Rare Earth Guanidinium BINOLate Complexes as Practical Precatalysts in Multifunctional Asymmetric Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8034-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ja502568g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome R. Robinson
- P.
Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xinyuan Fan
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jagjit Yadav
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P.
Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alfred J. Wooten
- P.
Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P.
Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- P.
Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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40
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Yoshida JI, Takahashi Y, Nagaki A. Flash chemistry: flow chemistry that cannot be done in batch. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:9896-904. [PMID: 24042967 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Flash chemistry based on high-resolution reaction time control using flow microreactors enables chemical reactions that cannot be done in batch and serves as a powerful tool for laboratory synthesis of organic compounds and for production in chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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41
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Vanoye L, Aloui A, Pablos M, Philippe R, Percheron A, Favre-Réguillon A, de Bellefon C. A safe and efficient flow oxidation of aldehydes with O2. Org Lett 2013; 15:5978-81. [PMID: 24266859 DOI: 10.1021/ol401273k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A safe, straightforward, and atom economic approach for the oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids within a continuous flow reactor is reported. Typically, the reaction is performed at room temperature using 5 bar of oxygen in PFA tubing and does require neither additional catalysts nor radical initiators except for those already contained in the starting materials. In some cases, a catalytic amount of a Mn(II) catalyst is added. Such a flow process may prove to be a valuable alternative to traditionally catalyzed aerobic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Vanoye
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques (LGPC), UMR 5285 CNRS/CPE Lyon, Université de Lyon , 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne cedex, France, and Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Ecole SITI , Département CASER, Equipe CGP, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
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42
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The past, present and potential for microfluidic reactor technology in chemical synthesis. Nat Chem 2013; 5:905-15. [PMID: 24153367 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 636] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The past two decades have seen far-reaching progress in the development of microfluidic systems for use in the chemical and biological sciences. Here we assess the utility of microfluidic reactor technology as a tool in chemical synthesis in both academic research and industrial applications. We highlight the successes and failures of past research in the field and provide a catalogue of chemistries performed in a microfluidic reactor. We then assess the current roadblocks hindering the widespread use of microfluidic reactors from the perspectives of both synthetic chemistry and industrial application. Finally, we set out seven challenges that we hope will inspire future research in this field.
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43
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Chen M, Buchwald SL. Rapid and efficient trifluoromethylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds using potassium trifluoroacetate enabled by a flow system. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11628-31. [PMID: 24038907 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Going to the source: The trifluoromethylation of aryl/heteroaryl iodides has been demonstrated using a flow system, thus enabling a rapid rate of reaction. A broad spectrum of trifluoromethylated compounds was prepared in good to excellent yields using CF3 CO2 K as the trifluoromethyl source. The process has the advantage of short reaction times and uses convenient [CF3 ] sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
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44
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Chen M, Buchwald SL. Rapid and Efficient Trifluoromethylation of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds Using Potassium Trifluoroacetate Enabled by a Flow System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Protasova LN, Bulut M, Ormerod D, Buekenhoudt A, Berton J, Stevens CV. Latest Highlights in Liquid-Phase Reactions for Organic Synthesis in Microreactors. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op4000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. N. Protasova
- Department of Separation and
Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - J. Berton
- Department of Sustainable Organic
Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent,
Belgium
| | - C. V. Stevens
- Department of Sustainable Organic
Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent,
Belgium
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46
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Nagaki A, Uesugi Y, Kim H, Yoshida JI. Synthesis of Functionalized Aryl Fluorides Using Organolithium Reagents in Flow Microreactors. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:705-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201201191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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