1
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Naik P, García-Lacuna J, O’Neill P, Baumann M. Continuous Flow Oxidation of Alcohols Using TEMPO/NaOCl for the Selective and Scalable Synthesis of Aldehydes. Org Process Res Dev 2024; 28:1587-1596. [PMID: 38783858 PMCID: PMC11110051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A simple and benign continuous flow oxidation protocol for the selective conversion of primary and secondary alcohols into their respective aldehyde and ketone products is reported. This approach makes use of catalytic amounts of TEMPO in combination with sodium bromide and sodium hypochlorite in a biphasic solvent system. A variety of substrates are tolerated including those containing heterocycles based on potentially sensitive nitrogen and sulfur moieties. The flow approach can be coupled with inline reactive extraction by formation of the carbonyl-bisulfite adduct which aids in separation of remaining substrate or other impurities. Process robustness is evaluated for the preparation of phenylpropanal at decagram scale, a trifluoromethylated oxazole building block as well as a late-stage intermediate for the anti-HIV drug maraviroc which demonstrates the potential value of this continuous oxidation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Naik
- School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin,
Science Centre South, Belfield D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Jorge García-Lacuna
- School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin,
Science Centre South, Belfield D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | | | - Marcus Baumann
- School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin,
Science Centre South, Belfield D04 N2E5, Ireland
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2
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Ma L, Zhao X, Hou J, Huang L, Yao Y, Ding Z, Wei J, Hao N. Droplet Microfluidic Devices: Working Principles, Fabrication Methods, and Scale-Up Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301406. [PMID: 38594964 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Compared with the conventional emulsification method, droplets generated within microfluidic devices exhibit distinct advantages such as precise control of fluids, exceptional monodispersity, uniform morphology, flexible manipulation, and narrow size distribution. These inherent benefits, including intrinsic safety, excellent heat and mass transfer capabilities, and large surface-to-volume ratio, have led to the widespread applications of droplet-based microfluidics across diverse fields, encompassing chemical engineering, particle synthesis, biological detection, diagnostics, emulsion preparation, and pharmaceuticals. However, despite its promising potential for versatile applications, the practical utilization of this technology in commercial and industrial is extremely limited to the inherently low production rates achievable within a single microchannel. Over the past two decades, droplet-based microfluidics has evolved significantly, considerably transitioning from a proof-of-concept stage to industrialization. And now there is a growing trend towards translating academic research into commercial and industrial applications, primarily driven by the burgeoning demands of various fields. This paper comprehensively reviews recent advancements in droplet-based microfluidics, covering the fundamental working principles and the critical aspect of scale-up integration from working principles to scale-up integration. Based on the existing scale-up strategies, the paper also outlines the future research directions, identifies the potential opportunities, and addresses the typical unsolved challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jinjia Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Nanjing Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
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3
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Sharma V, Chavan KA, Mali G, Sarkar D, Lama P, Majumder M, Erande RD, Metre RK. A Catecholaldimine-Based Ni II-Complex as an Effective Catalyst for the Direct Conversion of Alcohols to trans-Cinnamonitriles and Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37155715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A nickel(II) complex [Ni(HL)2] 1 was synthesized by treatment of a new catecholaldimine-based ligand with NiCl2·6H2O in methanol at room temperature. Complex 1 showed excellent catalytic activity where aromatic and heterocyclic alcohols were rapidly converted into trans-cinnamonitrile in a one-pot manner via oxidative olefination in the presence of KOH. The potential of the disclosed catalyst and the results obtained for the direct conversion of alcohols to two different functionalities (trans-cinnamonitrile and aldehydes) are well supported by DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kailas Arjun Chavan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ghanshyam Mali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dipanjana Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prem Lama
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mokhampur, Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Moumita Majumder
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, India
| | - Rohan D Erande
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ramesh K Metre
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India
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4
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Nagy BS, Fu G, Hone CA, Kappe CO, Ötvös SB. Harnessing a Continuous-Flow Persulfuric Acid Generator for Direct Oxidative Aldehyde Esterifications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201868. [PMID: 36377674 PMCID: PMC10107610 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Persulfuric acid is a well-known oxidant in various industrial-scale purification procedures. However, due to its tendency toward explosive decomposition, its usefulness in organic synthesis remained largely underexplored. Herein, a continuous in situ persulfuric acid generator was developed and applied for oxidative esterification of aldehydes under flow conditions. Sulfuric acid served as a readily available and benign precursor to form persulfuric acid in situ. By taking advantage of the continuous-flow generator concept, safety hazards were significantly reduced, whilst a robust and effective approach was ensured for direct transformations of aldehydes to valuable esters. The process proved useful for the transformation of diverse aliphatic as well as aromatic aldehydes, while its preparative capability was verified by the multigram-scale synthesis of a pharmaceutically relevant key intermediate. The present flow protocol demonstrates the safe, sustainable, and scalable application of persulfuric acid in a manner that would not be amenable to conventional batch processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence S. Nagy
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazNAWI GrazHeinrichstrasse 28A-8010GrazAustria
| | - Gang Fu
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazNAWI GrazHeinrichstrasse 28A-8010GrazAustria
| | - Christopher A. Hone
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazNAWI GrazHeinrichstrasse 28A-8010GrazAustria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)Research CenterPharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)Inffeldgasse 13A-8010GrazAustria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazNAWI GrazHeinrichstrasse 28A-8010GrazAustria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)Research CenterPharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)Inffeldgasse 13A-8010GrazAustria
| | - Sándor B. Ötvös
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazNAWI GrazHeinrichstrasse 28A-8010GrazAustria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)Research CenterPharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)Inffeldgasse 13A-8010GrazAustria
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5
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Michałek S, Gurba-Bryśkiewicz L, Maruszak W, Zagozda M, Maj AM, Ochal Z, Dubiel K, Wieczorek M. The design of experiments (DoE) in optimization of an aerobic flow Pd-catalyzed oxidation of alcohol towards an important aldehyde precursor in the synthesis of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase inhibitor (CPL302415). RSC Adv 2022; 12:33605-33611. [PMID: 36505705 PMCID: PMC9682622 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07003k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe the development of a green, scalable flow Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidation for the key step in the synthesis of CPL302415, which is a new PI3Kδ inhibitor. Applying this environmental-friendly, sustainable catalytic oxidation we significantly increased product yield (up to 84%) and by eliminating of workup step, we improved the waste index and E factor (up to 0.13) in comparison with the stoichiometric synthesis. The process was optimized by using the DoE approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Michałek
- Celon Pharma S.A.Ul. Marymoncka 1505-152 Kazuń NowyPoland,Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of TechnologyUl. Noakowskiego 300-664 WarsawPoland
| | | | | | - Marcin Zagozda
- Celon Pharma S.A.Ul. Marymoncka 1505-152 Kazuń NowyPoland
| | - Anna M. Maj
- Celon Pharma S.A.Ul. Marymoncka 1505-152 Kazuń NowyPoland
| | - Zbigniew Ochal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of TechnologyUl. Noakowskiego 300-664 WarsawPoland
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6
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Femtosecond laser-engineered 3D microfluidic chips: Synthesis system sprouting highly efficient multiphase organic reactions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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El Meragawi S, Cooray D, Majumder M. Improvement of the chlorine resistance of graphene oxide membranes through siloxane cross-linking. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2130078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally El Meragawi
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Laboratory (NSEL), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Advanced Manufacturing with 2D Materials, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dilusha Cooray
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Laboratory (NSEL), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Advanced Manufacturing with 2D Materials, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mainak Majumder
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Laboratory (NSEL), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Advanced Manufacturing with 2D Materials, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Wan L, Jiang M, Cheng D, Liu M, Chen F. Continuous flow technology-a tool for safer oxidation chemistry. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00520k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advantages and benefits of continuous flow technology for oxidation chemistry have been illustrated in tube reactors, micro-channel reactors, tube-in-tube reactors and micro-packed bed reactors in the presence of various oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meifen Jiang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dang Cheng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
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9
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Dombrowski AW, Aguirre AL, Shrestha A, Sarris KA, Wang Y. The Chosen Few: Parallel Library Reaction Methodologies for Drug Discovery. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1880-1897. [PMID: 34780177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parallel library synthesis is an important tool for drug discovery because it enables the synthesis of closely related analogues in parallel via robust and general synthetic transformations. In this perspective, we analyzed the synthetic methodologies used in >5000 parallel libraries representing 15 prevalent synthetic transformations. The library data set contains complex substrates and diverse arrays of building blocks used over the last 14 years at AbbVie. The library synthetic methodologies that have demonstrated robustness and generality with proven success are described along with their substrate scopes. The evolution of the synthetic methodologies for library synthesis over the past decade is discussed. We also highlight that the combination of parallel library synthesis with high-throughput experimentation will continue to facilitate the discovery of library-amenable synthetic methodologies in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W Dombrowski
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ana L Aguirre
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Anurupa Shrestha
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kathy A Sarris
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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10
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Gambacorta G, Sharley JS, Baxendale IR. A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1181-1312. [PMID: 34136010 PMCID: PMC8182698 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic physical properties, which includes being able to perform as volatile liquids at room and biological temperatures, fragrance ingredients/intermediates make ideal candidates for continuous-flow manufacturing. This review highlights the potential crossover between a multibillion dollar industry and the flourishing sub-field of flow chemistry evolving within the discipline of organic synthesis. This is illustrated through selected examples of industrially important transformations specific to the fragrances and flavours industry and by highlighting the advantages of conducting these transformations by using a flow approach. This review is designed to be a compendium of techniques and apparatus already published in the chemical and engineering literature which would constitute a known solution or inspiration for commonly encountered procedures in the manufacture of fragrance and flavour chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gambacorta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - James S Sharley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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11
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Nishiyama Y, Fujii A, Mori H. Highly Selective Organic Synthesis by Efficient Mixing in Flow Microreactor. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hajime Mori
- Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama Prefectur
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12
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Mori H, Nishiyama Y, Fujii A, Saito A, Torikai H, Hanasaka T, Koishi H. Biphasic nucleophilic aromatic substitution using a microreactor under droplet formation conditions. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biphasic nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 4-fluoronitrobenzene proceeded efficiently using a packed bed reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Mori
- Industrial Technology Centre of Wakayama Prefecture
- Wakayama
- Japan
| | | | - Akira Fujii
- Industrial Technology Centre of Wakayama Prefecture
- Wakayama
- Japan
| | - Akane Saito
- Industrial Technology Centre of Wakayama Prefecture
- Wakayama
- Japan
| | - Hitoshi Torikai
- Industrial Technology Centre of Wakayama Prefecture
- Wakayama
- Japan
| | | | - Hideyuki Koishi
- Industrial Technology Centre of Wakayama Prefecture
- Wakayama
- Japan
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13
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Cranwell PB. Recent Advances Towards the Inclusion of Flow Chemistry within the Undergraduate Practical Class Curriculum. SYNOPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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14
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Wang X, Wang Z, Ishida T, Nishihara Y. Methoxylation of Acyl Fluorides with Tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphine via C-OMe Bond Cleavage under Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7526-7533. [PMID: 32351110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acyl fluorides are subjected to methoxylation with tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphine (TMPP) to afford the corresponding methyl esters in good to excellent yields. This transformation is featured by C(sp2)-OMe bond cleavage under metal-free conditions. Unprecedented utilization of TMPP as a methoxylating agent realized the installation of an OMe group into the desired products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takumi Ishida
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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15
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Wang CH, Liu CF, Rao GW. Green Application of Phase-Transfer Catalysis in Oxidation: A Comprehensive Review. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x16666190617154733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation reactions have emerged as one of the most versatile tools in organic chemistry.
Various onium salts such as ammonium, phosphonium, arsonium, bismuthonium, tellurium have
been used as phase transfer catalysts in many oxidation reactions. Certainly, considerable catalysts
have been widely used in Phase-Transfer Catalysis (PTC). This review focuses on the application of
PTC in various oxidation reaction. Furthermore, PTC also conforms to the concept of “Green Chemistry”.
<p></p>
• Oxidation has become one of the most widely used tools in organic chemistry and phase transfer
catalysts has been widely used in oxidation.
<p></p>
• The application of phase transfer catalysts in oxidation reaction will be summarized.
<p></p>
• Phase transfer catalysts have important application in various oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Fu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Cheng D, Chen FE. Experimental and Numerical Studies of the Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Wittig Reaction in Liquid–Liquid Slug-Flow Microchannels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Cheng
- Engineering Center for Catalysis and Synthesis of Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering & Technology Research Center for Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Engineering Center for Catalysis and Synthesis of Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering & Technology Research Center for Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
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17
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Liu H, Li W, Zuo M, Tang X, Zeng X, Sun Y, Lei T, Fang H, Li T, Lin L. Facile and Efficient Two-Step Formation of a Renewable Monomer 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid from Carbohydrates over the NiOx Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huai Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weile Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Miao Zuo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xing Tang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-Valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-Valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-Valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Tingzhou Lei
- Henan Key Lab of Biomass Energy, Huayuan Road 29, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, China
| | - Huayu Fang
- Fujian Huafeng New Materials Company, Ltd., Putian 351152, Fujian, China
| | - Tianyuan Li
- Fujian Huafeng New Materials Company, Ltd., Putian 351152, Fujian, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-Valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
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18
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PPh3-Assisted Esterification of Acyl Fluorides with Ethers via C(sp3)–O Bond Cleavage Accelerated by TBAT. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9070574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the (triphenylphosphine (PPh3)-assisted methoxylation of acyl fluorides with cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) accelerated by tetrabutylammonium difluorotriphenysilicate (TBAT) via regiospecific C–OMe bond cleavage. Easily available CPME is utilized not only as the solvent, but a methoxylating agent in this transformation. The present method is featured by C–O and C–F bond cleavage under metal-free conditions, good functional-group tolerance, and wide substrate scope. Mechanistic studies revealed that the radical process was not involved.
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19
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Mori H, Saito A, Nishiyama Y. Ethoxylation of p-Fluoronitrobenzene using phase-transfer catalysts under microflow conditions. J Flow Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-019-00032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Nagarjun N, Dhakshinamoorthy A. Liquid phase aerobic oxidation of cyclic and linear hydrocarbons using iron metal organic frameworks as solid heterogeneous catalyst. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Jiang BL, Lin Y, Wang ML, Liu DS, Xu BH, Zhang SJ. Cobalt-catalyzed direct transformation of aldehydes to esters: the crucial role of an enone as a mediator. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An oxidative esterification of aldehydes with alkanols catalyzed by an in situ generated low-valent cobalt system has been developed using an enone as a mild oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao-Lin Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
| | - Yang Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Meng-Liang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Dian-Sheng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Bao-Hua Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Suo-Jiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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22
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Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Bani S, Choudhury AK. Highly Oxygenated 11-Keto-β-boswellic Acid Analogues and Their Anti-Inflammatory Potential. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Majeed
- Sami Labs Limited; Bangalore- 560058 India
- Sabinsa Corporation-East Windsor; NJ-08520 USA
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23
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Vanoye L, Yehouenou L, Philippe R, de Bellefon C, Fongarland P, Favre-Réguillon A. Continuous flow oxidation of benzylic and aliphatic alcohols using bleach: process improvement by precise pH adjustment in flow with CO2. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00155j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Commercial bleach neutralization using CO2 enhanced the oxidation rate of benzylic and aliphatic alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Vanoye
- Univ. Lyon
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques
- UMR 5285 CNRS
- CPE Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
| | - Laurelle Yehouenou
- Univ. Lyon
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques
- UMR 5285 CNRS
- CPE Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
| | - Régis Philippe
- Univ. Lyon
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques
- UMR 5285 CNRS
- CPE Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
| | - Claude de Bellefon
- Univ. Lyon
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques
- UMR 5285 CNRS
- CPE Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
| | - Pascal Fongarland
- Univ. Lyon
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques
- UMR 5285 CNRS
- CPE Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
| | - Alain Favre-Réguillon
- Univ. Lyon
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques
- UMR 5285 CNRS
- CPE Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
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24
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ZHU L, XU X, ZHENG F. Synthesis of benzaldehyde by Swern oxidation of benzyl alcohol in a continuous flow microreactor system. Turk J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.3906/kim-1704-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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25
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Britton J, Jamison TF. The assembly and use of continuous flow systems for chemical synthesis. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:2423-2446. [PMID: 29072707 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of and opportunities in continuous flow synthesis ('flow chemistry') have increased significantly over the past several years. Continuous flow systems provide improved reaction safety and accelerated reaction kinetics, and have synthesised several active pharmaceutical ingredients in automated reconfigurable systems. Although continuous flow platforms are commercially available, systems constructed 'in-lab' provide researchers with a flexible, versatile, and cost-effective alternative. Herein, we describe the assembly and use of a modular continuous flow apparatus from readily available and affordable parts in as little as 30 min. Once assembled, the synthesis of a sulfonamide by reacting 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride with dibenzylamine in a single reactor coil with an in-line quench is presented. This example reaction offers the opportunity to learn several important skills including reactor construction, charging of a back-pressure regulator, assembly of stainless-steel syringes, assembly of a continuous flow system with multiple junctions, and yield determination. From our extensive experience of single-step and multistep continuous flow synthesis, we also describe solutions to commonly encountered technical problems such as precipitation of solids ('clogging') and reactor failure. Following this protocol, a nonspecialist can assemble a continuous flow system from reactor coils, syringes, pumps, in-line liquid-liquid separators, drying columns, back-pressure regulators, static mixers, and packed-bed reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Labes R, Battilocchio C, Mateos C, Cumming GR, de Frutos O, Rincón JA, Binder K, Ley SV. Chemoselective Continuous Ru-Catalyzed Hydrogen-Transfer Oppenauer-Type Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Labes
- Innovative
Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Claudio Battilocchio
- Innovative
Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Carlos Mateos
- Centro de Investigación
Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas-Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Graham R. Cumming
- Centro de Investigación
Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas-Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Oscar de Frutos
- Centro de Investigación
Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas-Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Juan A. Rincón
- Centro de Investigación
Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas-Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Kellie Binder
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Innovative
Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
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27
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Plutschack MB, Pieber B, Gilmore K, Seeberger PH. The Hitchhiker's Guide to Flow Chemistry ∥. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11796-11893. [PMID: 28570059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1019] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Flow chemistry involves the use of channels or tubing to conduct a reaction in a continuous stream rather than in a flask. Flow equipment provides chemists with unique control over reaction parameters enhancing reactivity or in some cases enabling new reactions. This relatively young technology has received a remarkable amount of attention in the past decade with many reports on what can be done in flow. Until recently, however, the question, "Should we do this in flow?" has merely been an afterthought. This review introduces readers to the basic principles and fundamentals of flow chemistry and critically discusses recent flow chemistry accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Plutschack
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Picard B, Gouilleux B, Lebleu T, Maddaluno J, Chataigner I, Penhoat M, Felpin FX, Giraudeau P, Legros J. Oxidative Neutralization of Mustard-Gas Simulants in an On-Board Flow Device with In-Line NMR Monitoring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7568-7572. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Picard
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Boris Gouilleux
- CEISAM CNRS, UMR6230; Université de Nantes, BP 92208; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
| | - Thomas Lebleu
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Isabelle Chataigner
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Maël Penhoat
- Université de Lille, CNRS, USR 3290, MSAP; Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique; 59000 Lille France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- CEISAM CNRS, UMR6230; Université de Nantes, BP 92208; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France; 1 rue Descartes 75005 Paris France
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- CEISAM CNRS, UMR6230; Université de Nantes, BP 92208; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France; 1 rue Descartes 75005 Paris France
| | - Julien Legros
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
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29
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Picard B, Gouilleux B, Lebleu T, Maddaluno J, Chataigner I, Penhoat M, Felpin FX, Giraudeau P, Legros J. Oxidative Neutralization of Mustard-Gas Simulants in an On-Board Flow Device with In-Line NMR Monitoring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Picard
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Boris Gouilleux
- CEISAM CNRS, UMR6230; Université de Nantes, BP 92208; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
| | - Thomas Lebleu
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Isabelle Chataigner
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Maël Penhoat
- Université de Lille, CNRS, USR 3290, MSAP; Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique; 59000 Lille France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- CEISAM CNRS, UMR6230; Université de Nantes, BP 92208; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France; 1 rue Descartes 75005 Paris France
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- CEISAM CNRS, UMR6230; Université de Nantes, BP 92208; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France; 1 rue Descartes 75005 Paris France
| | - Julien Legros
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
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30
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Lummiss JA, Morse PD, Beingessner RL, Jamison TF. Towards More Efficient, Greener Syntheses through Flow Chemistry. CHEM REC 2017; 17:667-680. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin A.M. Lummiss
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA, 02139 USA
| | - Peter D. Morse
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA, 02139 USA
| | - Rachel L. Beingessner
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA, 02139 USA
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA, 02139 USA
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31
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Yan X, Cheng H, Zare RN. Two‐Phase Reactions in Microdroplets without the Use of Phase‐Transfer Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3562-3565. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University 333 Campus Drive Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
| | - Heyong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University 333 Campus Drive Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University 333 Campus Drive Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
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32
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Yan X, Cheng H, Zare RN. Two‐Phase Reactions in Microdroplets without the Use of Phase‐Transfer Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University 333 Campus Drive Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
| | - Heyong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University 333 Campus Drive Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University 333 Campus Drive Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
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33
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Peer M, Weeranoppanant N, Adamo A, Zhang Y, Jensen KF. Biphasic Catalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation of Alcohols in Flow: Scale-up and Extraction. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Peer
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nopphon Weeranoppanant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrea Adamo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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34
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Albanese DCM, Foschi F, Penso M. Sustainable Oxidations under Phase-Transfer Catalysis Conditions. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico C. M. Albanese
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Foschi
- Institute of Molecular
Science and Technologies (ISTM-CNR), via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Penso
- Institute of Molecular
Science and Technologies (ISTM-CNR), via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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35
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Liu C, Fang Z, Yang Z, Li Q, Guo S, Guo K. AIBN/NaBr-promoted aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols via a radical process. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:577-581. [PMID: 26530962 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01834j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An economic and practical AIBN-initiated aerobic oxidation system of benzylic alcohols, hetero aryl alcohols and allyl alcohols was developed for the first time. Moderate to excellent yields were obtained with a broad substrate scope. Moreover, a proposed mechanism of a radical process was assumed and confirmed by the key intermediate detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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36
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Strauss FJ, Cantillo D, Guerra J, Kappe CO. A laboratory-scale continuous flow chlorine generator for organic synthesis. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00135a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A continuous flow chlorine generator for organic synthesis based on the reaction of HCl with NaOCl has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- NAWI Graz
- Graz
- Austria
| | - Javier Guerra
- Crystal Pharma
- Gadea Pharmaceutical Group
- A Division of AMRI
- Valladolid
- Spain
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- NAWI Graz
- Graz
- Austria
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37
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Gemoets HPL, Su Y, Shang M, Hessel V, Luque R, Noël T. Liquid phase oxidation chemistry in continuous-flow microreactors. Chem Soc Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an exhaustive overview of the engineering principles, safety aspects and chemistry associated with liquid phase oxidation in continuous-flow microreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes P. L. Gemoets
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Yuanhai Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Minjing Shang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
- Universidad de Cordoba
- E14014 Cordoba
- Spain
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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38
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Jacobson CE, Martinez-Muñoz N, Gorin DJ. Aerobic Copper-Catalyzed O-Methylation with Methylboronic Acid. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7305-10. [PMID: 26111825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative coupling of alkylboronic acids with oxygen nucleophiles offers a strategy for replacing toxic, electrophilic alkylating reagents. Although the Chan-Lam reaction has been widely applied in the arylation of heteroatom nucleophiles, O-alkylation with boronic acids is rare. We report a Cu-catalyzed nondecarboxylative methylation of carboxylic acids with methylboronic acid that proceeds in air with no additional oxidant. An isotope-labeling study supports an oxidative cross-coupling mechanism, in analogy to that proposed for Chan-Lam arylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, 100 Green Street, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
| | - Noelia Martinez-Muñoz
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, 100 Green Street, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
| | - David J Gorin
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, 100 Green Street, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
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39
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Gutmann B, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Continuous-flow technology—a tool for the safe manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6688-728. [PMID: 25989203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 870] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, continuous-flow reactors with channel dimensions in the micro- or millimeter region have found widespread application in organic synthesis. The characteristic properties of these reactors are their exceptionally fast heat and mass transfer. In microstructured devices of this type, virtually instantaneous mixing can be achieved for all but the fastest reactions. Similarly, the accumulation of heat, formation of hot spots, and dangers of thermal runaways can be prevented. As a result of the small reactor volumes, the overall safety of the process is significantly improved, even when harsh reaction conditions are used. Thus, microreactor technology offers a unique way to perform ultrafast, exothermic reactions, and allows the execution of reactions which proceed via highly unstable or even explosive intermediates. This Review discusses recent literature examples of continuous-flow organic synthesis where hazardous reactions or extreme process windows have been employed, with a focus on applications of relevance to the preparation of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Gutmann
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net.
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40
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Gutmann B, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Kontinuierliche Durchflussverfahren: ein Werkzeug für die sichere Synthese von pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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Kilcher E, Freymond S, Vanoli E, Marti R, Schmidt G, Abele S. Continuous Process for Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Bisalkylation of Cyclopentadiene for the Synthesis of Spiro[2.4]hepta-4,6-diene. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elia Kilcher
- HES-SO Haute école spécialisée de Suisse occidentale, Haute école d’ingénierie et d’architecture de Fribourg, Institut Chemical Technology, Bd Pérolles 80, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Freymond
- HES-SO Haute école spécialisée de Suisse occidentale, Haute école d’ingénierie et d’architecture de Fribourg, Institut Chemical Technology, Bd Pérolles 80, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ennio Vanoli
- HES-SO Haute école spécialisée de Suisse occidentale, Haute école d’ingénierie et d’architecture de Fribourg, Institut Chemical Technology, Bd Pérolles 80, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Roger Marti
- HES-SO Haute école spécialisée de Suisse occidentale, Haute école d’ingénierie et d’architecture de Fribourg, Institut Chemical Technology, Bd Pérolles 80, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Schmidt
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Abele
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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42
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Krylov IB, Vil’ VA, Terent’ev AO. Cross-dehydrogenative coupling for the intermolecular C-O bond formation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:92-146. [PMID: 25670997 PMCID: PMC4311763 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review summarizes primary publications on the cross-dehydrogenative C-O coupling, with special emphasis on the studies published after 2000. The starting compound, which donates a carbon atom for the formation of a new C-O bond, is called the CH-reagent or the C-reagent, and the compound, an oxygen atom of which is involved in the new bond, is called the OH-reagent or the O-reagent. Alcohols and carboxylic acids are most commonly used as O-reagents; hydroxylamine derivatives, hydroperoxides, and sulfonic acids are employed less often. The cross-dehydrogenative C-O coupling reactions are carried out using different C-reagents, such as compounds containing directing functional groups (amide, heteroaromatic, oxime, and so on) and compounds with activated C-H bonds (aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, ethers, amines, amides, compounds containing the benzyl, allyl, or propargyl moiety). An analysis of the published data showed that the principles at the basis of a particular cross-dehydrogenative C-O coupling reaction are dictated mainly by the nature of the C-reagent. Hence, in the present review the data are classified according to the structures of C-reagents, and, in the second place, according to the type of oxidative systems. Besides the typical cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions of CH- and OH-reagents, closely related C-H activation processes involving intermolecular C-O bond formation are discussed: acyloxylation reactions with ArI(O2CR)2 reagents and generation of O-reagents in situ from C-reagents (methylarenes, aldehydes, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor B Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vera A Vil’
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander O Terent’ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Liu C, Fang Z, Yang Z, Li Q, Guo S, Guo K. Highly practical sodium(i)/azobenzene catalyst system for aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15286k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An aerobic alcohol oxidation system was described firstly. The corresponding carbonyl compounds and acids were obtained respectively in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Engineering China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Qingwen Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Shiyu Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
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Yu J, Zhao H, Liang S, Bao X, Zhu C. A facile and regioselective synthesis of 1-tetralones via silver-catalyzed ring expansion. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7924-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01222h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A regioselective synthesis of 1-tetralones via silver-catalyzed ring expansion is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Shuguang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
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45
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Jiang N, Li SY, Xie SS, Yao H, Sun H, Wang XB, Kong LY. FeCl3and ether mediated direct intramolecular acylation of esters and their application in efficient preparation of xanthone and chromone derivatives. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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46
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Chaudhuri SR, Hartwig J, Kupracz L, Kodanek T, Wegner J, Kirschning A. Oxidations of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols under Inductively-Heated Flow Conditions with Gold-Doped Superparamagnetic Nanostructured Particles as Catalyst and Oxygen as Oxidant. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Zhang Y, Born SC, Jensen KF. Scale-Up Investigation of the Continuous Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Hypochlorite Oxidation of Alcohols and Aldehydes. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500158h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen C. Born
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Capel AJ, Edmondson S, Christie SDR, Goodridge RD, Bibb RJ, Thurstans M. Design and additive manufacture for flow chemistry. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4583-90. [PMID: 24100659 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50844g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We review the use of additive manufacturing (AM) as a novel manufacturing technique for the production of milli-scale reactor systems. Five well-developed additive manufacturing techniques: stereolithography (SL), multi-jet modelling (MJM), selective laser melting (SLM), laser sintering (LS) and fused deposition modelling (FDM) were used to manufacture a number of miniaturised reactors which were tested using a range of organic and inorganic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Capel
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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Ji Y, Sweeney J, Zoglio J, Gorin DJ. Catalytic Methyl Transfer from Dimethylcarbonate to Carboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11606-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401941v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063
| | - Jessica Sweeney
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063
| | - Jillian Zoglio
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063
| | - David J. Gorin
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063
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Greene JF, Hoover JM, Mannel DS, Root TW, Stahl SS. Continuous-Flow Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Alcohols with a Copper(I)/TEMPO Catalyst. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op400207f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jodie F. Greene
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jessica M. Hoover
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David S. Mannel
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Thatcher W. Root
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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