1
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Bennett JJ, Murphy PV. Flow chemistry based catalytic hydrogenation for improving the synthesis of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) from an l-sorbose derived precursor. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108845. [PMID: 37210941 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) is a glycoprocessing inhibitor, and it serves as a synthetic precursor to two of three currently marketed iminosugar drugs, miglustat (N-butyl DNJ/Zavesca®) and miglitol (Glyset®). Herein a continuous flow procedure is presented that shortens a synthesis of 1-DNJ from an intermediate prepared from l-sorbose. Batch reactions involving an azide reduction, subsequent reductive amination-based cyclisation, and O-benzyl deprotection in a previous report required two steps and the use of an acid. Here, this sequence is achieved in one step using the H-Cube® MiniPlus continuous flow reactor. Subsequent reductive amination of 1-DNJ with butanal using the H-Cube® gave NB-DNJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Bennett
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, SSPC - The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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2
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Wang Y, Nuzhdin AL, Shamanaev IV, Bukhtiyarova GA. Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds over a Ni2P/SiO2 Catalyst in a Flow Mode. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158422060155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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3
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Masson E, Maciejewski EM, Wheelhouse KMP, Edwards LJ. Fixed Bed Continuous Hydrogenations in Trickle Flow Mode: A Pharmaceutical Industry Perspective. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Masson
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Erin M. Maciejewski
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Lee J. Edwards
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
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4
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Gambacorta G, Sharley JS, Baxendale IR. A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1181-1312. [PMID: 34136010 PMCID: PMC8182698 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic physical properties, which includes being able to perform as volatile liquids at room and biological temperatures, fragrance ingredients/intermediates make ideal candidates for continuous-flow manufacturing. This review highlights the potential crossover between a multibillion dollar industry and the flourishing sub-field of flow chemistry evolving within the discipline of organic synthesis. This is illustrated through selected examples of industrially important transformations specific to the fragrances and flavours industry and by highlighting the advantages of conducting these transformations by using a flow approach. This review is designed to be a compendium of techniques and apparatus already published in the chemical and engineering literature which would constitute a known solution or inspiration for commonly encountered procedures in the manufacture of fragrance and flavour chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gambacorta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - James S Sharley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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5
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Yoo WJ, Ishitani H, Saito Y, Laroche B, Kobayashi S. Reworking Organic Synthesis for the Modern Age: Synthetic Strategies Based on Continuous-Flow Addition and Condensation Reactions with Heterogeneous Catalysts. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5132-5145. [PMID: 32069417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
While organic synthesis carried out in most laboratories uses batch methods, there is growing interest in modernizing fine chemical synthesis through continuous-flow processes. As a synthetic method, flow processes have several advantages over batch systems in terms of environmental compatibility, efficiency, and safety, and recent advances have allowed for the synthesis of several complex molecules, including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Nevertheless, due to several reasons related to the difficulties arising from byproduct formation during the flow process, such as lower yields, poor selectivities, clogging of columns due to poor solubility, catalyst poisoning, etc., successful examples of continuous-flow synthesis of complex organic molecules are still limited. In order to solve this bottleneck, the development of selective and atom-economical continuous-flow organic transformations are needed. This perspective highlights examples of atom-economical addition and condensation reactions with heterogeneous catalysts under continuous-flow conditions and their applications for the synthesis of complex organic molecules such as natural products and APIs. In order to realize new continuous-flow methodologies, based on addition and condensation reactions, in place of substitution reactions, the development of novel reactions and heterogeneous catalysts is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Yoo
- Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruro Ishitani
- Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Benjamin Laroche
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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6
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De Fenza M, D'Alonzo D, Esposito A, Munari S, Loberto N, Santangelo A, Lampronti I, Tamanini A, Rossi A, Ranucci S, De Fino I, Bragonzi A, Aureli M, Bassi R, Tironi M, Lippi G, Gambari R, Cabrini G, Palumbo G, Dechecchi MC, Guaragna A. Exploring the effect of chirality on the therapeutic potential of N-alkyl-deoxyiminosugars: anti-inflammatory response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections for application in CF lung disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:63-71. [PMID: 31075609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the frame of a research program aimed to explore the relationship between chirality of iminosugars and their therapeutic potential, herein we report the synthesis of N-akyl l-deoxyiminosugars and the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of selected candidates for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Target glycomimetics were prepared by the shortest and most convenient approach reported to date, relying on the use of the well-known PS-TPP/I2 reagent system to prepare reactive alkoxyalkyl iodides, acting as key intermediates. Iminosugars ent-1-3 demonstrated to efficiently reduce the inflammatory response induced by P. aeruginosa in CuFi cells, either alone or in synergistic combination with their d-enantiomers, by selectively inhibiting NLGase. Surprisingly, the evaluation in murine models of lung disease showed that the amount of ent-1 required to reduce the recruitment of neutrophils was 40-fold lower than that of the corresponding d-enantiomer. The remarkably low dosage of the l-iminosugar, combined with its inability to act as inhibitor for most glycosidases, is expected to limit the onset of undesired effects, which are typically associated with the administration of its d-counterpart. Biological results herein obtained place ent-1 and congeners among the earliest examples of l-iminosugars acting as anti-inflammatory agents for therapeutic applications in Cystic Fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Fenza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniele D'Alonzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Anna Esposito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Silvia Munari
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology-Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Loberto
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Santangelo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology-Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Tamanini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology-Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alice Rossi
- CFaCore, Infection and CF Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Ranucci
- CFaCore, Infection and CF Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Ida De Fino
- CFaCore, Infection and CF Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- CFaCore, Infection and CF Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosaria Bassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Tironi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology-Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology-Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palumbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Dechecchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology-Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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7
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Bana P, Szigetvári Á, Kóti J, Éles J, Greiner I. Flow-oriented synthetic design in the continuous preparation of the aryl piperazine drug flibanserin. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00266e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The first integrated continuous-flow synthesis of the drug substance flibanserin was developed, using an uninterrupted four-step sequence, via an unprecedented route.
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8
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Laroche B, Ishitani H, Kobayashi S. Direct Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds with H
2
Using Heterogeneous Catalysts in Continuous Flow as an Alternative to N‐Alkylation with Alkyl Halides. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Laroche
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Haruro Ishitani
- Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 133-0033 Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 133-0033 Japan
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9
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Ansari A, Ramapanicker R. Enantioselective Synthesis of 2-Aminomethyl and 3-Amino Pyrrolidines and Piperidines through 1,2-Diamination of Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8161-8169. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Ramesh Ramapanicker
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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10
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11
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Suveges NS, de Souza ROMA, Gutmann B, Kappe CO. Synthesis of Mepivacaine and Its Analogues by a Continuous-Flow Tandem Hydrogenation/Reductive Amination Strategy. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nícolas S. Suveges
- Chemistry Institute; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; CEP 22941 909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Graz, NAWI Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | | | - Bernhard Gutmann
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Graz, NAWI Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE); Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Graz, NAWI Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE); Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
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12
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Monguchi Y, Ichikawa T, Sajiki H. Recent Development of Palladium-Supported Catalysts for Chemoselective Hydrogenation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:2-9. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Recent Advances of Microfluidics Technologies in the Field of Medicinal Chemistry. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Hattori T, Ida T, Tsubone A, Sawama Y, Monguchi Y, Sajiki H. Facile Arene Hydrogenation under Flow Conditions Catalyzed by Rhodium or Ruthenium on Carbon. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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15
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Cossar PJ, Hizartzidis L, Simone MI, McCluskey A, Gordon CP. The expanding utility of continuous flow hydrogenation. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7119-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01067e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been an increasing body of evidence that flow hydrogenation enhances reduction outcomes across a wide range of synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Cossar
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- Chemistry Building
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- University Drive
| | - Lacey Hizartzidis
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- Chemistry Building
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- University Drive
| | - Michela I. Simone
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- Chemistry Building
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- University Drive
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- Chemistry Building
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- University Drive
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group
- School of Science and Health
- University of Western Sydney
- Penrith
- Australia
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16
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Ouchi T, Battilocchio C, Hawkins JM, Ley SV. Process Intensification for the Continuous Flow Hydrogenation of Ethyl Nicotinate. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500208j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ouchi
- Innovative
Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, CMC Center,
Chemical Development Laboratories, 17-85 Jusohonmachi 2-chome, Yodogawaku Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Claudio Battilocchio
- Innovative
Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Joel M. Hawkins
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Innovative
Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K
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17
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Hattori T, Tsubone A, Sawama Y, Monguchi Y, Sajiki H. Systematic evaluation of the palladium-catalyzed hydrogenation under flow conditions. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Frederick MO, Frank SA, Vicenzi JT, LeTourneau ME, Berglund KD, Edward AW, Alt CA. Development of a Hydrogenative Reductive Amination for the Synthesis of Evacetrapib: Unexpected Benefits of Water. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500025v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael O. Frederick
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Scott A. Frank
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Vicenzi
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Michael E. LeTourneau
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - K. Derek Berglund
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Adler W. Edward
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Charles A. Alt
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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19
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Dong K, Sun CH, Song JW, Wei GX, Pang SP. Synthesis of 2,6,8,12-Tetraacetyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (TAIW) from 2,6,8,12-Tetraacetyl-4,10-dibenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (TADBIW) by Catalytic Hydrogenolysis Using a Continuous Flow Process. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500020d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Cheng H. Sun
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Jian W. Song
- Qingyang Chemical Industry Corporation, Liaoyang, Liaoning, 111002, P.R. China
| | - Gai X. Wei
- Qingyang Chemical Industry Corporation, Liaoyang, Liaoning, 111002, P.R. China
| | - Si P. Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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20
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Kissane MG, Frank SA, Rener GA, Ley CP, Alt CA, Stroud PA, Vaid RK, Boini SK, McKee LA, Vicenzi JT, Stephenson GA. Counterion effects in the preparation of aldehyde–bisulfite adducts. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Chen J, Przyuski K, Roemmele R, Bakale RP. Improved Continuous Flow Processing: Benzimidazole Ring Formation via Catalytic Hydrogenation of an Aromatic Nitro Compound. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op400179f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Chemical Process Research and Development, Teva Pharmaceuticals, 383 Phoenixville Pike, Malvern,
Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Katrin Przyuski
- Chemical Process Research and Development, Teva Pharmaceuticals, 383 Phoenixville Pike, Malvern,
Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Renee Roemmele
- Chemical Process Research and Development, Teva Pharmaceuticals, 383 Phoenixville Pike, Malvern,
Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Roger P. Bakale
- Chemical Process Research and Development, Teva Pharmaceuticals, 383 Phoenixville Pike, Malvern,
Pennsylvania 19355, United States
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