1
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Cheng B, Song L, Chen F. Huperzine alkaloids: forty years of total syntheses. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:59-84. [PMID: 37818549 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00029j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2023Huperzine alkaloids are a group of natural products belonging to the Lycopodium alkaloids family. The representative member huperzine A has a unique structure and exhibits potent inhibitory activity against acetylcholine esterase (AChE). This subfamily of alkaloids provides a great opportunity for developing synthetic methodologies and asymmetric synthesis. The efforts towards the synthesis of huperzine A have cultivated dozens of total syntheses and a rich body of new chemistry. Impressive progress has also been made in the synthesis of other huperzine alkaloids. The total syntheses of huperzines B, U, O, Q and R, structure reassignment and total syntheses of huperzines K, M and N have been reported in the past decade. This review focuses on the synthetic organic chemistry and the biosynthesis and medicinal chemistry of huperzines are also covered briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bichu Cheng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- School of Science, Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Lili Song
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
- School of Science, Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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2
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Yang H, Yu H, Stolarzewicz IA, Tang W. Enantioselective Transformations in the Synthesis of Therapeutic Agents. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9397-9446. [PMID: 37417731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The proportion of approved chiral drugs and drug candidates under medical studies has surged dramatically over the past two decades. As a consequence, the efficient synthesis of enantiopure pharmaceuticals or their synthetic intermediates poses a profound challenge to medicinal and process chemists. The significant advancement in asymmetric catalysis has provided an effective and reliable solution to this challenge. The successful application of transition metal catalysis, organocatalysis, and biocatalysis to the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries has promoted drug discovery by efficient and precise preparation of enantio-enriched therapeutic agents, and facilitated the industrial production of active pharmaceutical ingredient in an economic and environmentally friendly fashion. The present review summarizes the most recent applications (2008-2022) of asymmetric catalysis in the pharmaceutical industry ranging from process scales to pilot and industrial levels. It also showcases the latest achievements and trends in the asymmetric synthesis of therapeutic agents with state of the art technologies of asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Izabela A Stolarzewicz
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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3
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Zhao C, Li T, Khan I, Zhang YJ. Pd‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Bis‐Allylic Substitution of Allylic Dicarbonates with Arylated Nitromethanes: A Route to 1,2‐Oxazine N‐Oxides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Ijaz Khan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yong Jian Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 800 Dongchuan Road 200240 Shanghai CHINA
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4
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Phung Hai TA, Tessman M, Neelakantan N, Samoylov AA, Ito Y, Rajput BS, Pourahmady N, Burkart MD. Renewable Polyurethanes from Sustainable Biological Precursors. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1770-1794. [PMID: 33822601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, higher oil prices, and greenhouse gas emissions, the scientific community has been conducting an ongoing search for viable renewable alternatives to petroleum-based products, with the anticipation of increased adaptation in the coming years. New academic and industrial developments have encouraged the utilization of renewable resources for the development of ecofriendly and sustainable materials, and here, we focus on those advances that impact polyurethane (PU) materials. Vegetable oils, algae oils, and polysaccharides are included among the major renewable resources that have supported the development of sustainable PU precursors to date. Renewable feedstocks such as algae have the benefit of requiring only sunshine, carbon dioxide, and trace minerals to generate a sustainable biomass source, offering an improved carbon footprint to lessen environmental impacts. Incorporation of renewable content into commercially viable polymer materials, particularly PUs, has increasing and realistic potential. Biobased polyols can currently be purchased, and the potential to expand into new monomers offers exciting possibilities for new product development. This Review highlights the latest developments in PU chemistry from renewable raw materials, as well as the various biological precursors being employed in the synthesis of thermoset and thermoplastic PUs. We also provide an overview of literature reports that focus on biobased polyols and isocyanates, the two major precursors to PUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien An Phung Hai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Marissa Tessman
- Algenesis Materials Inc., 1238 Sea Village Drive, Cardiff, California 92007, United States
| | - Nitin Neelakantan
- Algenesis Materials Inc., 1238 Sea Village Drive, Cardiff, California 92007, United States
| | - Anton A Samoylov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Yuri Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Bhausaheb S Rajput
- Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0435, United States
| | - Naser Pourahmady
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States.,Algenesis Materials Inc., 1238 Sea Village Drive, Cardiff, California 92007, United States.,Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0435, United States
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5
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Daley SK, Cordell GA. Biologically Significant and Recently Isolated Alkaloids from Endophytic Fungi. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:871-897. [PMID: 33534564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A selection of the established and recently characterized alkaloids from the exploration of plant- and some marine-associated endophytic fungi is reviewed, with reference to alkaloids of biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoffrey A Cordell
- Natural Products Inc., Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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6
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Bin H, Cheng L, Yang X, Xie J, Zhou Q. Enantioselective Construction of the Pyridine-Fused Chiral Bicyclo- [3.3.1]nonane Skeleton of Huperzine A and Its Analogues. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Trost BM, Kalnmals CA. Annulative Allylic Alkylation Reactions between Dual Electrophiles and Dual Nucleophiles: Applications in Complex Molecule Synthesis. Chemistry 2019; 26:1906-1921. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Trost
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University 333 Campus Drive Stanford CA 94305 USA
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8
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Steven A, Hopes P. Use of a Curtius Rearrangement as Part of the Multikilogram Manufacture of a Pyrazine Building Block. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Steven
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Hopes
- Cyton Biosciences
Ltd., 68 Macrae Road, Bristol, BS20 0DD, United Kingdom
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9
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Johnson TC, Siegel D. Directing Stem Cell Fate: The Synthetic Natural Product Connection. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12052-12086. [PMID: 28771328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells possess remarkable potential for the treatment of a broad array of diseases including many that lack therapeutic options. However, the use of cell-based products derived from stem cells as therapeutics has limitations including rejection, sufficient availability, and lack of appropriate engraftment. Chemical control of stem cells provides potential solutions for overcoming many of the current limitations in cell-based therapeutics. The development of exogenous molecules to control stem cell self-renewal or differentiation has arrived at natural product-based agents as an important class of modulators. The ex vivo production of cryopreserved cellular products for use in tissue repair is a relatively new area of medicine in which the conventional hurdles to implementing chemicals to effect human health are changed. Translational challenges centered on chemistry, such as pharmacokinetics, are reduced. Importantly, in many cases the desired human tissues can be evaluated against new chemicals, and approaches to cellular regulation can be validated in the clinically applicable system. As a result linking new and existing laboratory syntheses of natural products with findings of the compounds' unique abilities to regulate stem cell fate provides opportunities for developing improved methods for tissue manufacture, accessing probe compounds, and generating new leads that yield manufactured cells with improved properties. This review provides a summary of natural products that have shown promise in controlling stem cell fate and which have also been fully synthesized thereby providing chemistry platforms for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor C Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dionicio Siegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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10
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Li Y, Li J, Ding H, Li A. Recent advances on the total synthesis of alkaloids in mainland China. Natl Sci Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractAlkaloids are a large family of natural products that mostly contain basic nitrogen atoms. Because of their intriguing structures and important functions, they have long been popular targets for synthetic organic chemists. China's chemists have made significant progress in the area of alkaloid synthesis over past decades. In this article, selected total syntheses of alkaloids from research groups in mainland China during the period 2011–16 are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Hager A, Vrielink N, Hager D, Lefranc J, Trauner D. Synthetic approaches towards alkaloids bearing α-tertiary amines. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 33:491-522. [PMID: 26621771 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids account for some of the most beautiful and biologically active natural products. Although they are usually classified along biosynthetic criteria, they can also be categorized according to certain structural motifs. Amongst these, the α-tertiary amine (ATA), i.e. a tetrasubstituted carbon atom surrounded by three carbons and one nitrogen, is particularly interesting. A limited number of methods have been described to access this functional group and fewer still are commonly used in synthesis. Herein, we review some approaches to asymmetrically access ATAs and provide an overview of alkaloid total syntheses where those have been employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Hager
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Butenandtstr. 5 - 13, 81377 München, Germany.
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12
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Paladino M, Zaifman J, Ciufolini MA. Total Synthesis of (+)-3-Demethoxyerythratidinone and (+)-Erysotramidine via the Oxidative Amidation of a Phenol. Org Lett 2015; 17:3422-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paladino
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Joshua Zaifman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Marco A. Ciufolini
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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13
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Zhao J, Gimi R, Katti S, Reardon M, Nivorozhkin V, Konowicz P, Lee E, Sole L, Green J, Siegel CS. Process Development of a GCS Inhibitor Including Demonstration of Lossen Rearrangement on Kilogram Scale. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/op500379a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Synthesis Development, Sanofi U.S. R&D, 153 Second Ave, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Rayomand Gimi
- Synthesis Development, Sanofi U.S. R&D, 153 Second Ave, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Sanjeev Katti
- Chemical
Process Development, Genzyme, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Michael Reardon
- Genzyme, Sanofi U.S. R&D, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02193, United States
| | - Vitaly Nivorozhkin
- Chemical
Process Development, Genzyme, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Paul Konowicz
- Genzyme, Sanofi U.S. R&D, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02193, United States
| | - Edward Lee
- Chemical
Process Development, Genzyme, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Lynne Sole
- Chemical
Process Development, Genzyme, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jerome Green
- Chemical
Process Development, Genzyme, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Craig S. Siegel
- Synthesis Development, Sanofi U.S. R&D, 153 Second Ave, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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14
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Grenning AJ, Boyce JH, Porco JA. Rapid synthesis of polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol analogs via dearomative conjunctive allylic annulation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11799-804. [PMID: 25061804 PMCID: PMC4140454 DOI: 10.1021/ja5060302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
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Polyprenylated
acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) are structurally complex
natural products with promising biological activities. Herein, we
present a biosynthesis-inspired, diversity-oriented synthesis approach
for rapid construction of PPAP analogs via double decarboxylative
allylation (DcA) of acylphloroglucinol scaffolds to access allyl-desoxyhumulones
followed by dearomative conjunctive allylic alkylation (DCAA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Grenning
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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15
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Xu J, Lacoske MH, Theodorakis EA. Neurotrophic natural products: chemistry and biology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:956-87. [PMID: 24353244 PMCID: PMC3945720 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and spinal cord injury affect approximately 50 million people worldwide, bringing the total healthcare cost to over 600 billion dollars per year. Nervous system growth factors, that is, neurotrophins, are a potential solution to these disorders, since they could promote nerve regeneration. An average of 500 publications per year attests to the significance of neurotrophins in biomedical sciences and underlines their potential for therapeutic applications. Nonetheless, the poor pharmacokinetic profile of neurotrophins severely restricts their clinical use. On the other hand, small molecules that modulate neurotrophic activity offer a promising therapeutic approach against neurological disorders. Nature has provided an impressive array of natural products that have potent neurotrophic activities. This Review highlights the current synthetic strategies toward these compounds and summarizes their ability to induce neuronal growth and rehabilitation. It is anticipated that neurotrophic natural products could be used not only as starting points in drug design but also as tools to study the next frontier in biomedical sciences: the brain activity map project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358 (USA), Homepage: http://theodorakisgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Michelle H. Lacoske
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358 (USA), Homepage: http://theodorakisgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Emmanuel A. Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358 (USA), Homepage: http://theodorakisgroup.ucsd.edu
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16
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Lin CF, Chien CW, Ojima I. Enantioselective Pd-catalyzed tandem allylic alkylation reaction using monodentate phosphoramidite ligands for the formal total synthesis of huperzine A. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00180j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective synthesis of a key intermediate to (−)-huperzine A by Pd-catalyzed tandem allylic alkylation using a novel monodentate phosphoramidite ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Stony Brook University
- Stony Brook, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Chien
- Department of Chemistry
- Stony Brook University
- Stony Brook, USA
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Department of Chemistry
- Stony Brook University
- Stony Brook, USA
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17
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Kuttruff CA, Eastgate MD, Baran PS. Natural product synthesis in the age of scalability. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:419-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Xu J, Lacoske MH, Theodorakis EA. Neurotrophe Naturstoffe - ihre Chemie und Biologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Ding R, Fu JG, Xu GQ, Sun BF, Lin GQ. Divergent Total Synthesis of the Lycopodium Alkaloids Huperzine A, Huperzine B, and Huperzine U. J Org Chem 2013; 79:240-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402419h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian-Guo Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang-Qiang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bing-Feng Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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20
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Kjell DP, Watson IA, Wolfe CN, Spitler JT. Complexity-Based Metric for Process Mass Intensity in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op3002917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P. Kjell
- Lilly Research
Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis,
Indiana, 46285, United States
| | - Ian A. Watson
- Lilly Research
Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis,
Indiana, 46285, United States
| | - Chad N. Wolfe
- Lilly Research
Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis,
Indiana, 46285, United States
| | - Jeremy T. Spitler
- Lilly Research
Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis,
Indiana, 46285, United States
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Maung Kyaw Moe Tun
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United
States
| | - Seth B. Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United
States
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bing-Feng Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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