1
|
Robescu MS, Alcántara AR, Calvio C, Morelli CF, Speranza G, Ubiali D, Bavaro T. l-Theanine Goes Greener: A Highly Efficient Bioprocess Catalyzed by the Immobilized γ-Glutamyl Transferase from Bacillus subtilis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202108. [PMID: 36655933 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
l-Theanine (l-Th) was synthesized by simply mixing the reactants (l-glutamine and ethylamine in water) at 25 °C and Bacillus subtilis γ-glutamyl transferase (BsGGT) covalently immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose according to a methodology previously reported by our research group; neither buffers, nor other additives were needed. Ratio of l-glutamine (donor) to ethylamine (acceptor), pH, enzymatic units (IU), and reaction time were optimized (molar ratio of donor/acceptor=1 : 8, pH 11.6, 1 IU mL-1 , 6 h), furnishing l-Th in 93 % isolated yield (485 mg, 32.3 g L-1 ) and high purity (99 %), after a simple filtration of the immobilized biocatalyst, distillation of the volatiles (unreacted ethylamine) and direct lyophilization. Immobilized BsGGT was re-used (four reaction cycles) with 100 % activity retention. This enzymatic synthesis represents a straightforward, fast, high-yielding, and easily scalable approach to l-Th preparation, besides having a favorable green chemistry metrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina S Robescu
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrés R Alcántara
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cinzia Calvio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo F Morelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Speranza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Ubiali
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Teodora Bavaro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Valentini F, Brufani G, Rossini G, Campana F, Lanari D, Vaccaro L. POLITAG-M-F as Heterogeneous Organocatalyst for the Waste-Minimized Synthesis of β-Azido Carbonyl Compounds in Batch and under Flow Conditions. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:3074-3084. [PMID: 36844749 PMCID: PMC9945162 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c07213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a waste minimization protocol for the β-azidation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds using TMSN3. The selection of the appropriate catalyst (POLITAG-M-F), in combination with the reaction medium, resulted in enhanced catalytic efficiency and a low environmental footprint. The thermal and mechanical stability of the polymeric support allowed us to recover the POLITAG-M-F catalyst for up to 10 consecutive runs. The CH3CN:H2O azeotrope has a 2-fold positive effect on the process, increasing the efficiency of the protocol and minimizing waste generation. Indeed, the azeotropic mixture, used as a reaction medium and for the workup procedure, was recovered by distillation, leading to an easy and environmentally friendly procedure for product isolation in high yield and with a low E-factor. A comprehensive evaluation of the environmental profile was performed by the calculation of different green metrics (AE, RME, MRP, 1/SF) and a comparison with other literature available protocols. A flow protocol was defined to scale-up the process, and up to 65 mmol of substrates were efficiently converted with a productivity of 0.3 mmol/min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Valentini
- Laboratory
of Green S.O.C.−Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy, greensoc.chm.unipg.it
| | - Giulia Brufani
- Laboratory
of Green S.O.C.−Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy, greensoc.chm.unipg.it
| | - Gabriele Rossini
- Laboratory
of Green S.O.C.−Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy, greensoc.chm.unipg.it
| | - Filippo Campana
- Laboratory
of Green S.O.C.−Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy, greensoc.chm.unipg.it
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
(INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniela Lanari
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Vaccaro
- Laboratory
of Green S.O.C.−Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy, greensoc.chm.unipg.it
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salameh N, Minio F, Rossini G, Marrocchi A, Vaccaro L. Waste-minimized C(sp3)-H activation for the preparation of fused N-heterocycles. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
|
4
|
Abstract
Attending both the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005–2014) and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, this review is presented, bearing in mind that green chemistry is essential to contribute to sustainability. This work has compiled all the information relating to green chemistry metrics, so that stakeholders can select an appropriate model, under the Green Chemistry Protocol, to evaluate how much green is a process. The review was organized considering the following convenient sections: the mass valuation, the recognition of the human health and environmental impact, metrics using computational programs (software and spreadsheets), and finally global metrics. This review was developed by consulting the principal databases, since the appearance of the first green chemistry textbook in 1998. A massive number of references were attained involving the keywords proposed below, with six languages observed, highlighted by the English language. It is important to emphasize that the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry are conceptual and offer little quantitative information. In addition, almost all the reported metric green propositions do not consider the 12 principles and few papers offer how to obtain an appropriate evaluation about the greenness of a research. In this sense, it is convenient to note that only in the Spanish literature are there two metrics that consider all the principles. Finally, to our knowledge, and after a deep search in the literature, it is the first review that covers the different features of green chemistry: mass, environment/human health. and in some cases, the use of computational programs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tao L, Chen S, Liu H, Han N, Li W, Zhang X. Fabrication and performance of shape‐stable phase change materials based on epoxy group crosslinking. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Tao
- Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Sai Chen
- Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Haihui Liu
- Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Na Han
- Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Wei Li
- Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Xingxiang Zhang
- Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fukuoka S, Fukawa I, Adachi T, Fujita H, Sugiyama N, Sawa T. Industrialization and Expansion of Green Sustainable Chemical Process: A Review of Non-phosgene Polycarbonate from CO2. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Fukuoka
- Fukuoka-Shin Professional Engineer Office (Former: Research & Development Department, Asahi Kasei Corporation), Yoshioka 359-11, Kurashiki-City, Okayama-Ken 710-0842, Japan
| | - Isaburo Fukawa
- Asahi Research Center (Former: Research & Development Department, Asahi Kasei Corporation), 1-1-2 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan
| | - Takashi Adachi
- Technology Licensing Department, Asahi Kasei Corporation, 2767-11 Niihama, Shionasu, Kojima, Kurashiki-City, Okayama-Ken 711-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroya Fujita
- Technology Licensing Department, Asahi Kasei Corporation, 1-1-2 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugiyama
- Technology Licensing Department, Asahi Kasei Corporation, 1-1-2 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sawa
- Technology Licensing Department, Asahi Kasei Corporation, 1-1-2 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vanden Eynde JJ. How Efficient Is My (Medicinal) Chemistry? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9020026. [PMID: 27196914 PMCID: PMC4932544 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
“Greening” a chemical transformation is not about only changing the nature of a solvent or decreasing the reaction temperature. There are metrics enabling a critical quantification of the efficiency of an experimental protocol. Some of them are applied to different sequences for the preparation of paracetamol in order to understand their performance parameters and elucidate pathways for improvement.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ballerini E, Maggi R, Pizzo F, Piermatti O, Gelman D, Vaccaro L. An Efficient and Waste-Minimized One-Pot Procedure for the Preparation of N-Boc-γ-amino Alcohols Starting from α,β-Unsaturated Ketones in Flow. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ballerini
- Laboratory
of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, CEMIN − Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia Via Elce di
Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Raimondo Maggi
- “Clean
Synthetic Methodology Group”, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Pizzo
- Laboratory
of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, CEMIN − Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia Via Elce di
Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Piermatti
- Laboratory
of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, CEMIN − Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia Via Elce di
Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Dmitri Gelman
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luigi Vaccaro
- Laboratory
of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, CEMIN − Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia Via Elce di
Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aires-Trapote A, Hoyos P, Alcántara AR, Tamayo A, Rubio J, Rumbero A, Hernáiz MJ. Covalent Immobilization of Pseudomonas stutzeri Lipase on a Porous Polymer: An Efficient Biocatalyst for a Scalable Production of Enantiopure Benzoin Esters under Sustainable Conditions. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/op500326k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Aires-Trapote
- Department
of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Autonoma University of Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Hoyos
- Department
of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés R. Alcántara
- Department
of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitana Tamayo
- Department
of Chemistry Physics of Surfaces and Processes, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (CSIC), Kelsen, no. 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Rubio
- Department
of Chemistry Physics of Surfaces and Processes, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (CSIC), Kelsen, no. 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Rumbero
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Autonoma University of Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Hernáiz
- Department
of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Ciriminna R, Pagliaro M. Green Chemistry in the Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Industries. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op400258a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Andraos J. Safety/Hazard Indices: Completion of a Unified Suite of Metrics for the Assessment of “Greenness” for Chemical Reactions and Synthesis Plans. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op300352w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Andraos
- CareerChem, 504-1129
Don Mills Road, Don Mills, Ontario M3B 2W4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|