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Mendelsohn LN, MacNeil CS, Esposito MR, Pabst TP, Leahy DK, Davies IW, Chirik PJ. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Indazole-Containing Enamides Relevant to the Synthesis of Zavegepant Using Neutral and Cationic Cobalt Precatalysts. Org Lett 2024; 26:2718-2723. [PMID: 37270693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of indazole-containing enamides relevant to the synthesis of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist, zavegepant (1), approved for the treatment of migraines, is described. Both neutral bis(phosphine)cobalt(II) and cationic bis(phosphine)cobalt(I) complexes served as efficient precatalysts for the enamide hydrogenation reactions, providing excellent yield and enantioselectivities (up to >99.9%) for a range of related substrates, though key reactivity differences were observed. Hydrogenation of indazole-containing enamide, methyl (Z)-2-acetamido-3-(7-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)acrylate, was performed on a 20 g scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Mendelsohn
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Connor S MacNeil
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Madison R Esposito
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tyler P Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David K Leahy
- Biohaven, LTD, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Ian W Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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2
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Romanelli MN, Braconi L, Gabellini A, Manetti D, Marotta G, Teodori E. Synthetic Approaches to Piperazine-Containing Drugs Approved by FDA in the Period of 2011-2023. Molecules 2023; 29:68. [PMID: 38202651 PMCID: PMC10780301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The piperazine moiety is often found in drugs or in bioactive molecules. This widespread presence is due to different possible roles depending on the position in the molecule and on the therapeutic class, but it also depends on the chemical reactivity of piperazine-based synthons, which facilitate its insertion into the molecule. In this paper, we take into consideration the piperazine-containing drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration between January 2011 and June 2023, and the synthetic methodologies used to prepare the compounds in the discovery and process chemistry are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Novella Romanelli
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Science, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (L.B.); (A.G.); (D.M.); (G.M.); (E.T.)
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3
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Yang H, Yu H, Stolarzewicz IA, Tang W. Enantioselective Transformations in the Synthesis of Therapeutic Agents. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9397-9446. [PMID: 37417731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The proportion of approved chiral drugs and drug candidates under medical studies has surged dramatically over the past two decades. As a consequence, the efficient synthesis of enantiopure pharmaceuticals or their synthetic intermediates poses a profound challenge to medicinal and process chemists. The significant advancement in asymmetric catalysis has provided an effective and reliable solution to this challenge. The successful application of transition metal catalysis, organocatalysis, and biocatalysis to the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries has promoted drug discovery by efficient and precise preparation of enantio-enriched therapeutic agents, and facilitated the industrial production of active pharmaceutical ingredient in an economic and environmentally friendly fashion. The present review summarizes the most recent applications (2008-2022) of asymmetric catalysis in the pharmaceutical industry ranging from process scales to pilot and industrial levels. It also showcases the latest achievements and trends in the asymmetric synthesis of therapeutic agents with state of the art technologies of asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Izabela A Stolarzewicz
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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4
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Ramachanderan R, Schramm S, Schaefer B. Migraine drugs. CHEMTEXTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40828-023-00178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAccording to recent studies, migraine affects more than 1 billion people worldwide, making it one of the world’s most prevalent diseases. Although this highly debilitating illness has been known since ancient times, the first therapeutic drugs to treat migraine, ergotamine (Gynergen) and dihydroergotamine (Dihydergot), did not appear on the market until 1921 and 1946, respectively. Both drugs originated from Sandoz, the world’s leading pharmaceutical company in ergot alkaloid research at the time. Historically, ergot alkaloids had been primarily used in obstetrics, but with methysergide (1-methyl-lysergic acid 1′-hydroxy-butyl-(2S)-amide), it became apparent that they also held some potential in migraine treatment. Methysergide was the first effective prophylactic drug developed specifically to prevent migraine attacks in 1959. On the basis of significantly improved knowledge of migraine pathophysiology and the discovery of serotonin and its receptors, Glaxo was able to launch sumatriptan in 1992. It was the first member from the class of triptans, which are selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists. Recent innovations in acute and preventive migraine therapy include lasmiditan, a selective 5-HT1F receptor agonist from Eli Lilly, the gepants, which are calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists discovered at Merck & Co and BMS, and anti-CGRP/receptor monoclonal antibodies from Amgen, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, and others.
Graphical abstract
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5
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Cabré A, Verdaguer X, Riera A. Recent Advances in the Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Amines via Transition Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:269-339. [PMID: 34677059 PMCID: PMC9998038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chiral amines are key structural motifs present in a wide variety of natural products, drugs, and other biologically active compounds. During the past decade, significant advances have been made with respect to the enantioselective synthesis of chiral amines, many of them based on catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation (AH). The present review covers the use of AH in the synthesis of chiral amines bearing a stereogenic center either in the α, β, or γ position with respect to the nitrogen atom, reported from 2010 to 2020. Therefore, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the AH of imines, enamides, enamines, allyl amines, and N-heteroaromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Cabré
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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6
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Sheng M, Yang Q, Huff D, Schafer AG, Tucker C, Valco D. Thermal Instability and Associated Potential Safety Hazards of Rhodium(I) Precatalyst Complexes with Weakly Coordinated Ligands. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sheng
- Reactive Chemicals, Product & Process Technology R&D, Corteva Agriscience, Midland, Michigan 48642, United States
| | - Qiang Yang
- Process Sciences & Technology, Product & Process Technology R&D, Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Darren Huff
- Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, Non-Routine Analytical, Corteva Agriscience, Midland, Michigan 48642, United States
| | - Andrew G. Schafer
- Process Sciences & Technology, Product & Process Technology R&D, Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Craig Tucker
- Reactive Chemicals, Product & Process Technology R&D, Corteva Agriscience, Midland, Michigan 48642, United States
| | - Daniel Valco
- Reactive Chemicals, Product & Process Technology R&D, Corteva Agriscience, Midland, Michigan 48642, United States
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7
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Bartoccini F, Mari M, Retini M, Galarini R, Bartolucci S, Piersanti G. Single‐Step Synthesis of Dehydroalanine Derivatives via a Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Michele Mari
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Michele Retini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Centro Sviluppo e Validazione MetodiIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati” Via G. Salvemini 1 06126 Perugia, PG Italy
| | - Silvia Bartolucci
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
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8
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Application of Organometallic Catalysts in API Synthesis. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2019_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Khan RKM, Zhao Y, Scully TD, Buchwald SL. Catalytic Arylhydroxylation of Dehydroalanine in Continuous Flow for Simple Access to Unnatural Amino Acids. Chemistry 2018; 24:15215-15218. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Kashif M. Khan
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Tal D. Scully
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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10
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Espinosa M, García-Ortiz A, Blay G, Cardona L, Muñoz MC, Pedro JR. E,Z-Stereodivergent synthesis of N-tosyl α,β-dehydroamino esters via a Mukaiyama–Michael addition. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27354d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
E or Z dehydroamino esters are stereoselectively obtained from a same set of reactants depending on the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Espinosa
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de València
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Andrea García-Ortiz
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de València
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blay
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de València
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Luz Cardona
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de València
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - M. Carmen Muñoz
- Departament de Física Aplicada
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 València
- Spain
| | - José R. Pedro
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de València
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
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11
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Li J, Eastgate MD. Current complexity: a tool for assessing the complexity of organic molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7164-76. [PMID: 25962620 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00709g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular complexity for a synthetic organic chemist is difficult to define, though intuitively known. Despite the importance of this concept, the quantitative assessment of complexity within organic chemistry has remained a challenge. We report here on the development of an approach for generating a unique complexity index, which is reflective of both intrinsic molecular complexity and extrinsic synthetic complexity. This index is based on a community's perception of complexity, within the context of current technology, calculating a molecule's current complexity. Our approach allows for a direct comparison between molecules, the analysis of trends within research programs, it enables an assessment (and comparison) of new synthetic approaches to known molecules and is capable of following a molecule's apparent complexity as it changes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
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12
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Discovery of (R)-N-(3-(7-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)-1-(4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-4-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide (BMS-742413): a potent human CGRP antagonist with superior safety profile for the treatment of migraine through intranasal delivery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3157-61. [PMID: 23632269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists have been shown to be efficacious as abortive migraine therapeutics with the absence of cardiovascular liabilities that are associated with triptans. Herein, we report the discovery of a highly potent CGRP receptor antagonist, BMS-742413, with the potential to provide rapid onset of action through intranasal delivery. The compound displays excellent aqueous solubility, oxidative stability, and toxicological profile. BMS-742413 has good intranasal bioavailability in the rabbit and shows a robust, dose-dependent inhibition of CGRP-induced increases in marmoset facial blood flow.
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