1
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Yadav AK, Kumar N, Ghule VD, Dharavath S. Synthesis of Advanced Pyrazole and N-N-Bridged Bistriazole-Based Secondary High-Energy Materials. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38018907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have synthesized 3,5-dihydrazinyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (2), 9-nitro-1H-pyrazolo[3,2-c:5,1-c']bis([1,2,4]triazole)-3,6-diamine (3), and N-N-bonded N,N'-{[4,4'-bi(1,2,4-triazole)]-3,3'-diyl}dinitramide (5) and its stable nitrogen-rich energetic salts in one and two steps in quantitative yields from commercially available inexpensive starting material 4,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine (1). Along with characterization via nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and elemental analysis, the structures of 2 and 4-8 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, 5-8 show excellent thermal stability (242, 221, 250, and 242 °C, respectively) compared to that of RDX (210 °C). Detonation velocities of 2, 4, 6, and 7 range from 8992 to 9069 m s-1, which are better than that of RDX (8878 m s-1) and close to that of HMX (9221 m s-1). All of these compounds are insensitive to impact (10-35 J) and friction (360 N) sensitivity. These excellent energetic performances, stabilities, and synthetic feasibilities make compounds 2, 4, 6, and 7 promising candidates as secondary explosives and potential replacements for the presently used benchmark explosives RDX and HMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Yadav
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Navaneet Kumar
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas D Ghule
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Srinivas Dharavath
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 3-(4-Cyano-3-nitro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-nitrofurazan: Comparison of the Influence of the NO2 and CN Groups on Crystal Packing and Density. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound was synthesized and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The analysis of the crystal packing of the title compound and its analog, bearing a nitro group instead of a nitrile one, allowed a direct comparison of two common explosophoric groups: CN and NO2. By using ΔOED-based densification approach, it is shown that the CN group is lighter in mass, less dense, and participates in intermolecular bonding to a lesser extent in comparison to the NO2 group. As a result, the cyano compound has a lower density and a looser crystal packing than the nitro analog.
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3
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Wu B, Jiang X, Yang Y, Du H, Shi X, Li Z, Pei C. Continuous-Flow Oxidation of Amines Based on Nitrogen-Rich Heterocycles: A Facile and Sustainable Approach for Promising Nitro Derivatives. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Xiue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yalin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Xianrui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
- Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Chonghua Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
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Functionalized Nitroimidazole Scaffold Construction and Their Pharmaceutical Applications: A 1950–2021 Comprehensive Overview. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050561. [PMID: 35631389 PMCID: PMC9144801 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroimidazole represents one of the most essential and unique scaffolds in drug discovery since its discovery in the 1950s. It was K. Maeda in Japan who reported in 1953 the first nitroimidazole as a natural product from Nocardia mesenterica with antibacterial activity, which was later identified as Azomycin 1 (2-nitroimidazole) and remained in focus until now. This natural antibiotic was the starting point for synthesizing numerous analogs and regio-isomers, leading to several life-saving drugs and clinical candidates against a number of diseases, including infections (bacterial, viral, parasitic) and cancers, as well as imaging agents in medicine/diagnosis. In the present decade, the nitroimidazole scaffold has again been given two life-saving drugs (Delamanid and Pretomanid) used to treat MDR (multi-drug resistant) tuberculosis. Keeping in view the highly successful track-record of the nitroimidazole scaffold in providing breakthrough therapeutic drugs, this comprehensive review focuses explicitly on presenting the activity profile and synthetic chemistry of functionalized nitroimidazole (2-, 4- and 5-nitroimidazoles as well as the fused nitroimidazoles) based drugs and leads published from 1950 to 2021. The present review also presents the miscellaneous examples in each class. In addition, the mutagenic profile of nitroimidazole-based drugs and leads and derivatives is also discussed.
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Yang P, Yang H, Zhao Y, Tang J, Cheng G. Novel polynitro azoxypyrazole-based energetic materials with high performance. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16499-16503. [PMID: 34739014 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03357c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel polynitro azoxypyrazole-based energetic compounds 1,2-bis (4-nitro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) diazene 1-oxide (3) and 1,2-bis (1,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl) diazene 1-oxide (4) were synthesized from 5-amino-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile by optimized reactions. Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Compound 3 exhibits high thermal stability (239 °C), low mechanical sensitivity (IS = 22 J, FS = 240 N) and moderate detonation performance (Dv = 8272 m s-1, P = 28.1 GPa). Compound 4 shows moderate thermal stability (161 °C), decent mechanical sensitivity and higher detonation performance (Dv = 9228 m s-1, P = 38.7 GPa) compared to that of RDX. These newly developed strategies for constructing novel energetic compounds enrich the content of the ever-expanding energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
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6
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Li JQ, Qin Z, Zhao F, Singh T, Xiao Y, Su W, Yang D, Jia C. Divergent Synthesis of Substituted Amino-1,2,4-triazole Derivatives. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1477-4630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA divergent efficient assembly of disubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles was established by cyclization of readily accessible N′-nitro-2-hydrocarbylidene-hydrazinecarboximidamides with moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. This divergent synthetic strategy was achieved simply by varying the reaction conditions. Under acidic conditions, amino-1,2,4-triazoles were obtained by an intramolecular redox reaction involving the NO2 group. Control experiments and DFT studies revealed that this transformation proceeds via an intramolecular 1,3-hydride transfer pathway leading to HNO2 elimination. Under neutral conditions with water as the solvent, nitroimino-1,2,4-triazoles were obtained by oxidative intramolecular annulation under air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University
| | - Fenghai Zhao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University
| | - Thishana Singh
- College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal
| | - Yumei Xiao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University
| | - Wangcang Su
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Dongyan Yang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering
| | - Changqing Jia
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University
- National Engineering Research Center, Tongren Polytechnic College
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Zhang S, Gao Z, Lan D, Jia Q, Liu N, Zhang J, Kou K. Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Nitrated-Pyrazoles Based Energetic Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153475. [PMID: 32751631 PMCID: PMC7435826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of energetic materials (EMs) due to their high heat of formation, high density, tailored thermal stability, and detonation performance. Many nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have been developed to meet the increasing demands of high power, low sensitivity, and eco-friendly environment, and they have good applications in explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. Continuous and growing efforts have been committed to promote the rapid development of nitrated-pyrazole-based EMs in the last decade, especially through large amounts of Chinese research. Some of the ultimate aims of nitrated-pyrazole-based materials are to develop potential candidates of castable explosives, explore novel insensitive high energy materials, search for low cost synthesis strategies, high efficiency, and green environmental protection, and further widen the applications of EMs. This review article aims to present the recent processes in the synthesis and physical and explosive performances of the nitrated-pyrazole-based Ems, including monopyrazoles with nitro, bispyrazoles with nitro, nitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles, and their derivatives, and to comb the development trend of these compounds. This review intends to prompt fresh concepts for designing prominent high-performance nitropyrazole-based EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
| | - Zhenguo Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
| | - Di Lan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
| | - Qian Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
| | - Ning Liu
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Institute, Xi’an 710065, China;
| | - Jiaoqiang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (K.K.)
| | - Kaichang Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (K.K.)
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8
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Manship TD, Smith DM, Piercey DG. An Improved Synthesis of the Insensitive Energetic Material 3‐Amino‐5‐Nitro‐1,2,4‐triazole (ANTA). PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim D. Manship
- Materials Engineering Purdue Energetics Research Center Purdue University 205 Gates Road West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Dawson M. Smith
- Materials Engineering Purdue Energetics Research Center Purdue University 205 Gates Road West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Davin G. Piercey
- Materials Engineering Purdue Energetics Research Center Purdue University 205 Gates Road West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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9
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Arcadi A, Chiarini M, Del Vecchio L, Marinelli F, Michelet V. Sequential Silver‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization Reactions of Unprotected 2‐Alkynylanilines to Anthranils. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Arcadi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche Università di L'Aquila Via Vetoio 671010 Coppito AQ Italy
| | - Marco Chiarini
- Facoltà di Bioscienze e Tecnologie Agro‐Alimentari e Ambientali Università di Teramo Via R. Balzarini 1 64100 Teramo (Te) Italy
| | - Luana Del Vecchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche Università di L'Aquila Via Vetoio 671010 Coppito AQ Italy
- PSL Research University ChimieParisTech‐CNRS Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 11 Rue P&M Curie 75005 Paris France
| | - Fabio Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche Università di L'Aquila Via Vetoio 671010 Coppito AQ Italy
| | - Véronique Michelet
- PSL Research University ChimieParisTech‐CNRS Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 11 Rue P&M Curie 75005 Paris France
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10
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Ramakrishna I, Bhajammanavar V, Mallik S, Baidya M. Advanced Nitroso Aldol Reaction: Metal-Free Cross-Coupling of Anilines with Silyl Enol Ethers en Route to α-Amino Ketones. Org Lett 2017; 19:516-519. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isai Ramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinod Bhajammanavar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumitava Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Piercey DG, Chavez DE, Scott BL, Imler GH, Parrish DA. An Energetic Triazolo-1,2,4-Triazine and its N-Oxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15315-15318. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David E. Chavez
- M Division; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Brian L. Scott
- C Division; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
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12
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Piercey DG, Chavez DE, Scott BL, Imler GH, Parrish DA. An Energetic Triazolo-1,2,4-Triazine and its N-Oxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David E. Chavez
- M Division; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Brian L. Scott
- C Division; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
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13
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Tang M, Kong Y, Chu B, Feng D. Copper(I) Oxide-Mediated Cyclization ofo-HaloarylN-Tosylhydrazones: Efficient Synthesis of Indazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Arcadi A, Chiarini M, Vecchio LD, Marinelli F, Michelet V. Silver- versus gold-catalyzed sequential oxidative cyclization of unprotected 2-alkynylanilines with oxone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1458-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08543h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Divergent catalytic activity of gold and silver complexes towards domino oxidative cyclization reactions of unprotected 2-alkynylanilines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Arcadi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche
- Università di L'Aquila
- Italy
| | - M. Chiarini
- Facoltà di Bioscienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari e Ambientali
- Università di Teramo
- 64023-Mosciano Sant'Angelo (Te)
- Italy
| | - L. Del Vecchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche
- Università di L'Aquila
- Italy
- PSL Research University
- Chimie ParisTech-CNRS
| | - F. Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche
- Università di L'Aquila
- Italy
| | - V. Michelet
- PSL Research University
- Chimie ParisTech-CNRS
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris
- 75005 Paris
- France
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Efficient and practical approach to esters from acids/ 2-oxoacids/ 2-oxoaldehydes &/ 2-oxoesters. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Parida KN, Moorthy JN. Synthesis of o-Carboxyarylacrylic Acids by Room Temperature Oxidative Cleavage of Hydroxynaphthalenes and Higher Aromatics with Oxone. J Org Chem 2015. [PMID: 26194877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A simple procedure for the synthesis of a variety of o-carboxyarylacrylic acids has been developed with Oxone (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4); the oxidation reaction involves the stirring of methoxy/hydroxy-substituted naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, anthracenes, etc. with Oxone in an acetonitrile-water mixture (1:1, v/v) at rt. Mechanistically, the reaction proceeds via initial oxidation of naphthalene to o-quinone, which undergoes cleavage to the corresponding o-carboxyarylacrylic acid. The higher aromatics are found to yield carboxymethyl lactones derived from the initially formed o-carboxyarylacrylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshaba Nanda Parida
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, INDIA
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