1
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Du C, Wang Y, Deng J, Luo G. Organocatalyzed Beckmann Rearrangement of Cyclohexanone Oxime by Trifluoroacetic Anhydride in Microreactors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chencan Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yubin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Deng
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Brown M, Aljarah M, Asiki H, Leung LMH, Smithen DA, Miller N, Nemeth G, Davies L, Niculescu-Duvaz D, Zambon A, Springer C. Toward the Scale-Up of a Bicyclic Homopiperazine via Schmidt Rearrangement and Photochemical Oxaziridine Rearrangement in Continuous-Flow. Org Process Res Dev 2021; 25:148-156. [PMID: 33679122 PMCID: PMC7928940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The scale-up of a chiral bicyclic homopiperazine of pharmaceutical interest was investigated. The outcome and safety profile of a key batch ring-expansion step via Schmidt rearrangement was improved using continuous-flow chemistry. The selectivity of nitrogen insertion for the ring expansion was improved via an alternative photochemical oxaziridine rearrangement under mild conditions, which when converted to continuous-flow in a simple and efficient flow reactor allowed the first photochemical scale-up of a homopiperazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brown
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Aljarah
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Asiki
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Leo M. H. Leung
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah A. Smithen
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Miller
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Gabor Nemeth
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence Davies
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Niculescu-Duvaz
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Alfonso Zambon
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Springer
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
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3
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Zhang Z, He Z, Xie Y, He T, Fu Y, Yu Y, Huang F. Brønsted acid-catalyzed homogeneous O–H and S–H insertion reactions under metal- and ligand-free conditions. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01401j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The economical and accessible CF3SO3H successfully catalyzed homogeneous O–H and S–H bond insertion reactions between hydroxyl compounds, thiols and diazo compounds under metal- and ligand-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering
| | - Zhiqin He
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Yuxing Xie
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Tiantong He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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4
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Abstract
The Beckmann rearrangement is an elegant transformation and has been used to great success in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals. In this review, the role of different catalysts as well as different medium for Beckmann rearrangement has been discussed over the last 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Applied Sciences
- National Institute of Technology
- Narela
- India
| | - Suman Srivastava
- Department of Applied Sciences
- National Institute of Technology
- Narela
- India
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5
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Chen Y, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Visible Light-Promoted Beckmann Rearrangements: Separating Sequential Photochemical and Thermal Phenomena in a Continuous Flow Reactor. European J Org Chem 2019; 2019:2163-2171. [PMID: 31423105 PMCID: PMC6686973 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The Beckmann rearrangement of oximes to amides typically requires strong acids or highly reactive, hazardous electrophiles and/or elevated temperatures to proceed. A very attractive alternative is the in situ generation of Vilsmeier-Haack reagents, by means of photoredox catalysis, as promoters for the thermal Beckmann rearrangement. Investigation of the reaction parameters for this light-induced method using a one-pot strategy has shown that the reaction is limited by the different temperatures required for each of the two sequential steps. Using a continuous flow reactor, the photochemical and thermal processes have been separated by integrating a flow photoreactor unit at low temperature for the electrophile generation with a second reactor unit, at high temperature, where the rearrangement takes place. This strategy has enabled excellent conversions and yields for a diverse set of oximes, minimizing the formation of side products obtained with the original one-pot method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesu Chen
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)Inffeldgasse 138010, GrazAustria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010, GrazAustria
| | - David Cantillo
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)Inffeldgasse 138010, GrazAustria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010, GrazAustria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)Inffeldgasse 138010, GrazAustria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010, GrazAustria
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6
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Du C, Zhang J, Li L, Wang K, Luo G. Impurity Formation in the Beckmann Rearrangement of Cyclohexanone Oxime to Yield ε-Caprolactam. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chencan Du
- The State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jisong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liantang Li
- The State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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7
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Du C, Zhang J, Luo G. Organocatalyzed Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime in a microreactor: Kinetic model and product inhibition. AIChE J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chencan Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jisong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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8
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Gao P, Bai Z. Carbon Tetrabromide/Triphenylphosphine-Activated Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketoximes for Synthesis of Amides. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Baoji University of Arts and Sciences; Baoji Shaanxi 721013 China
| | - Zijing Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Baoji University of Arts and Sciences; Baoji Shaanxi 721013 China
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