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Shanbhag K, Sharma K, Kamat SS. Photoreactive bioorthogonal lipid probes and their applications in mammalian biology. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:37-46. [PMID: 36685253 PMCID: PMC9811504 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00174h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are an important class of biological molecules that possess many critical physiological functions, which enable the optimal survival of all organisms, including humans. While the role of lipids in the formation of biological cellular membranes and as a source of energy is fairly well understood, the cellular signalling pathways that lipids modulate in mammals are, in comparison, poorly characterized mechanistically and/or largely unknown. In an effort to dissect these mammalian cellular pathways regulated by signalling lipids and map hitherto unknown protein-lipid interactions, the last two decades have seen tremendous progress in the development of multifunctional lipid probes that, in conjunction with well-established bioorthogonal chemistries and chemoproteomics platforms, has almost exponentially expanded our knowledge in this field. In this review, we focus on the various photoreactive bioorthogonal lipid probes described in the literature, and briefly summarize the different photo-crosslinking groups and bioorthogonal chemistries used by them. Furthermore, we report specific case examples of such photoreactive bioorthogonal lipid probes, and discuss the new biological pathways and insights that have emerged from their use through chemoproteomics in mammalian cells. Finally, we highlight the challenges associated with the use of lipid probes in biological systems, and highlight their importance in the discovery and mechanistic understanding of lipid signalling pathways in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Shanbhag
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, PashanPune411008MaharashtraIndia
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, PashanPune411008MaharashtraIndia
| | - Siddhesh S. Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, PashanPune411008MaharashtraIndia
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Isor A, Hommelsheim R, Cone GW, Frings M, Petroff JT, Bolm C, McCulla RD. Photochemistry of N-Phenyl Dibenzothiophene Sulfoximine †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1322-1334. [PMID: 34022069 DOI: 10.1111/php.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoximines are popular scaffolds in drug discovery due to their hydrogen bonding properties and chemical stability. In recent years, the role of reactive intermediates such as nitrenes has been studied in the synthesis and degradation of sulfoximines. In this work, the photochemistry of N-phenyl dibenzothiophene sulfoximine [5-(phenylimino)-5H-5λ4 -dibenzo[b,d]thiophene S-oxide] was analyzed. The structure resembles a combination of N-phenyl iminodibenzothiophene and dibenzothiophene S-oxide, which generate nitrene and O(3 P) upon UV-A irradiation, respectively. The photochemistry of N-phenyl dibenzothiophene sulfoximine was explored by monitoring the formation of azobenzene, a photoproduct of triplet nitrene, using direct irradiation and sensitized experiments. The reactivity profile was further studied through direct irradiation experiments in the presence of diethylamine (DEA) as a nucleophile. The studies demonstrated that N-phenyl dibenzothiophene sulfoximine underwent S-N photocleavage to release singlet phenyl nitrene which formed a mixture of azepines in the presence of DEA and generated moderate amounts of azobenzene in the absence of DEA to indicate formation of triplet phenyl nitrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Isor
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Renè Hommelsheim
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Grant W Cone
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Marcus Frings
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - John T Petroff
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ryan D McCulla
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
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3
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Jose GP, Gopan S, Bhattacharyya S, Pucadyil TJ. A facile, sensitive and quantitative membrane-binding assay for proteins. Traffic 2019; 21:297-305. [PMID: 31846132 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Soluble proteins that bind membranes function in numerous cellular pathways yet facile, sensitive and quantitative methods that complement and improve sensitivity of widely used liposomes-based assays remain unavailable. Here, we describe the utility of a photoactivable fluorescent lipid as a generic reporter of protein-membrane interactions. When incorporated into liposomes and exposed to ultraviolet (UV), proteins bound to liposomes become crosslinked with the fluorescent lipid and can be readily detected and quantitated by in-gel fluorescence analysis. This modification obviates the requirement for high-speed centrifugation spins common to most liposome-binding assays. We refer to this assay as Proximity-based Labeling of Membrane-Associated Proteins (PLiMAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor P Jose
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Shilpa Gopan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Soumya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Thomas J Pucadyil
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
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Müller S, Schwieger C, Gruhle K, Garamus VM, Hause G, Meister A, Drescher S. Azide-Modified Membrane Lipids: Miscibility with Saturated Phosphatidylcholines. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12439-12450. [PMID: 31456406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe the miscibility of four azide-modified membrane phospholipids (azidolipids) with conventional phospholipids. The azidolipids bear an azide group at different positions of the sn-1 or sn-2 alkyl chain and they further differ in the type of linkage (ester vs ether) of the sn-2 alkyl chain. Investigations regarding the miscibility of the azidolipids with bilayer-forming phosphatidylcholines will evaluate lipid mixtures that are suitable for the production of stable azidolipid-doped liposomes. These vesicles then serve as model membranes for the incorporation of model peptides or proteins in the future. The miscibility of both types of phospholipids was studied by calorimetric assays, electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering to provide a complete biophysical characterization of the mixed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Müller
- Institute of Pharmacy-Biophysical Pharmacy , Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Christian Schwieger
- Institute of Chemistry , MLU Halle-Wittenberg , von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Kai Gruhle
- Institute of Pharmacy-Biophysical Pharmacy , Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Vasil M Garamus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG): Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH , Max-Planck-Strasse 1 , 21502 Geesthacht , Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Biocenter , MLU Halle-Wittenberg , Weinbergweg 22 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Annette Meister
- ZIK HALOmem and Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Center , MLU Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3a , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Simon Drescher
- Institute of Pharmacy-Biophysical Pharmacy , Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy , University of Greifswald , Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 , 17489 Greifswald , Germany
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Lindner S, Gruhle K, Schmidt R, Garamus VM, Ramsbeck D, Hause G, Meister A, Sinz A, Drescher S. Azide-Modified Membrane Lipids: Synthesis, Properties, and Reactivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4960-4973. [PMID: 28457130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we describe the synthesis and the temperature-dependent behavior of photoreactive membrane lipids as well as their capability to study peptide/lipid interactions. The modified phospholipids contain an azide group either in the middle part or at the end of an alkyl chain and also differ in the linkage (ester vs ether) of the second alkyl chain. The temperature-dependent aggregation behavior of the azidolipids was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Aggregate structures were visualized by stain and cryo transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and were further characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS). We show that the position of the azide group and the type of linkage of the alkyl chain at the sn-2 position of the glycerol influences the type of aggregates formed as well as their long-term stability: P10AzSPC and r12AzSHPC show the formation of extrudable liposomes, which are stable in size during storage. In contrast, azidolipids that carry a terminal azido moiety either form extrudable liposomes, which show time-dependent vesicle fusion (P15AzPdPC), or self-assemble in large sheet-like, nonextrudable aggregates (r15AzPdHPC) where the lipid molecules are arranged in an interdigitated orientation at temperatures below Tm (LβI phase). Finally, a P10AzSPC:DMPC mixture was used for photochemically induced cross-linking experiments with a transmembrane peptide (WAL-peptide) to demonstrate the applicability of the azidolipids for the analysis of peptide/lipid interactions. The efficiency of photo-cross-linking was monitored by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Lindner
- Institute of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy - Biophysical Pharmacy, MLU Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kai Gruhle
- Institute of Pharmacy - Biophysical Pharmacy, MLU Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rico Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Vasil M Garamus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht: Zentrum für Material und Küstenforschung GmbH (HZG), Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Daniel Ramsbeck
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI , Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Biocenter, MLU Halle-Wittenberg , Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Annette Meister
- Institute of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, MLU Halle-Wittenberg , von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Institute of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simon Drescher
- Institute of Pharmacy - Biophysical Pharmacy, MLU Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Tinnefeld V, Sickmann A, Ahrends R. Catch me if you can: challenges and applications of cross-linking approaches. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2014; 20:99-116. [PMID: 24881459 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular complexes are the groundwork of life and the basis for cell signaling, energy transfer, motion, stability and cellular metabolism. Understanding the underlying complex interactions on the molecular level is an essential step to obtain a comprehensive insight into cellular and systems biology. For the investigation of molecular interactions, various methods, including Förster resonance energy transfer, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and yeast two-hybrid screening, can be utilized. Nevertheless, the most reliable approach for structural proteomics and the identification of novel protein-binding partners is chemical cross-linking. The rationale is that upon forming a covalent bond between a protein and its interaction partner (protein, lipid, RNA/DNA, carbohydrate) the native complex state is "frozen" and accessible for detailed mass spectrometric analysis. In this review we provide a synopsis on crosslinker design, chemistry, pitfalls, limitations and novel applications in the field, and feature an overview of current software applications.
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Best MD. Global approaches for the elucidation of phosphoinositide-binding proteins. Chem Phys Lipids 2013; 182:19-28. [PMID: 24220499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide lipids (PIPns) control numerous critical biological pathways, typically through the regulation of protein function driven by non-covalent protein-lipid binding interactions. Despite the importance of these systems, the unraveling of the full scope of protein-PIPn interactions has represented a significant challenge due to the massive complexity associated with these events, including the large number of diverse proteins that bind to these lipids, variations in the mechanisms by which proteins bind to lipids, and the presence of multiple distinct PIPn isomers. As a result of this complexity, global methods in which numerous proteins that bind PIPns can be identified and characterized simultaneously from complex samples, which have been enabled by key technological advancements, have become popular as an efficient means for tackling this challenge. This review article provides an overview of advancements in large-scale methods for profiling protein-PIPn binding, including experimental methods, such as affinity enrichment, microarray analysis and activity-based protein profiling, as well as computational methods, and combined computational/experimental efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
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Xia Y, Peng L. Photoactivatable Lipid Probes for Studying Biomembranes by Photoaffinity Labeling. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7880-929. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300419p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CNRS UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Ling Peng
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CNRS UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
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Kyro K, Manandhar SP, Mullen D, Schmidt WK, Distefano MD. Photoaffinity labeling of Ras converting enzyme using peptide substrates that incorporate benzoylphenylalanine (Bpa) residues: improved labeling and structural implications. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7559-69. [PMID: 22079863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rce1p catalyzes the proteolytic trimming of C-terminal tripeptides from isoprenylated proteins containing CAAX-box sequences. Because Rce1p processing is a necessary component in the Ras pathway of oncogenic signal transduction, Rce1p holds promise as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. However, its mechanism of proteolysis and active site have yet to be defined. Here, we describe synthetic peptide analogues that mimic the natural lipidated Rce1p substrate and incorporate photolabile groups for photoaffinity-labeling applications. These photoactive peptides are designed to crosslink to residues in or near the Rce1p active site. By incorporating the photoactive group via p-benzoyl-l-phenylalanine (Bpa) residues directly into the peptide substrate sequence, the labeling efficiency was substantially increased relative to a previously-synthesized compound. Incorporation of biotin on the N-terminus of the peptides permitted photolabeled Rce1p to be isolated via streptavidin affinity capture. Our findings further suggest that residues outside the CAAX-box sequence are in contact with Rce1p, which has implications for future inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Kyro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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Van Galen J, Van Balkom BWM, Serrano RL, Kaloyanova D, Eerland R, Stüven E, Helms JB. Binding of GAPR-1 to negatively charged phospholipid membranes: Unusual binding characteristics to phosphatidylinositol. Mol Membr Biol 2010; 27:81-91. [DOI: 10.3109/09687680903507080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Helbig AO, Heck AJR, Slijper M. Exploring the membrane proteome--challenges and analytical strategies. J Proteomics 2010; 73:868-78. [PMID: 20096812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of proteins in biological membranes forms a major challenge in proteomics. Despite continuous improvements and the development of more sensitive analytical methods, the analysis of membrane proteins has always been hampered by their hydrophobic properties and relatively low abundance. In this review, we describe recent successful strategies that have led to in-depth analyses of the membrane proteome. To facilitate membrane proteome analysis, it is essential that biochemical enrichment procedures are combined with special analytical workflows that are all optimized to cope with hydrophobic polypeptides. These include techniques for protein solubilization, and also well-matched developments in protein separation and protein digestion procedures. Finally, we discuss approaches to target membrane-protein complexes and lipid-protein interactions, as such approaches offer unique insights into function and architecture of cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas O Helbig
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gubbens J, de Kroon AIPM. Proteome-wide detection of phospholipid–protein interactions in mitochondria by photocrosslinking and click chemistry. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:1751-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c003064n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Abu-Farha M, Elisma F, Zhou H, Tian R, Zhou H, Asmer MS, Figeys D. Proteomics: From Technology Developments to Biological Applications. Anal Chem 2009; 81:4585-99. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900735j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fred Elisma
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Houjiang Zhou
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruijun Tian
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hu Zhou
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehmet Selim Asmer
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Photocrosslinking and Click Chemistry Enable the Specific Detection of Proteins Interacting with Phospholipids at the Membrane Interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:3-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Protein complexes in bacterial and yeast mitochondrial membranes differ in their sensitivity towards dissociation by SDS. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:2012-8. [PMID: 18817900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, a 2D gel electrophoresis approach was developed for the Escherichia coli inner membrane, which detects membrane protein complexes that are stable in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at room temperature, and dissociate under the influence of trifluoroethanol [R. E. Spelbrink et al., J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005), 28742-8]. Here, the method was applied to the evolutionarily related mitochondrial inner membrane that was isolated from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Surprisingly, only very few proteins were found to be dissociated by trifluoroethanol of which Lpd1p, a component of multiple protein complexes localized in the mitochondrial matrix, is the most prominent. Usage of either milder or more stringent conditions did not yield any additional proteins that were released by fluorinated alcohols. This strongly suggests that membrane protein complexes in yeast are less stable in SDS solution than their E. coli counterparts, which might be due to the overall reduced hydrophobicity of mitochondrial transmembrane proteins.
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