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Pandey P, Rahman M, Bhatt PC, Beg S, Paul B, Hafeez A, Al-Abbasi FA, Nadeem MS, Baothman O, Anwar F, Kumar V. Implication of nano-antioxidant therapy for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma using PLGA nanoparticles of rutin. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:849-870. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present work describes the development of poly(lactic co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) of rutin (RT) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Materials & methods: RT-loaded PLGA NPs (RT-PLGA-NPs) were prepared by double emulsion evaporation method. Further these are optimized by Box–Behnken design. PLGA NPs were evaluated for size, polydispersity index, drug-loading capacity, entrapment, gastric stability, in vitro drug release, in vivo preclinical studies and biochemical studies. Results: Preclinical evaluation of RT-PLGA-NPs for anticancer activity through oral route exhibited significant improvement in hepatic, hematologic and renal biochemical parameters. Highly superior activity was observed in regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, antioxidant enzymes, cytokines and inflammatory mediators and their role on plasma membrane ATPases responsible for destruction in liver tissues. Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation indicated reduced incidence of hepatic nodules, necrosis formation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, blood vessel inflammation and cell swelling with RT-PLGA-NP treatment along with considerable downregulation in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Pandey
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad-211007, UP, India
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad-211007, UP, India
| | - Prakash Chandra Bhatt
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Microbial & Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Product Development Research, Jubilant Generics Limited, Noida-201301, UP, India
| | - Basudev Paul
- Product Development Research, Jubilant Generics Limited, Noida-201301, UP, India
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, UP, India
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Baothman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad-211007, UP, India
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Yan W, Xue W, Chen J, Hu G. Biological Networks for Cancer Candidate Biomarkers Discovery. Cancer Inform 2016; 15:1-7. [PMID: 27625573 PMCID: PMC5012434 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s39458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its extraordinary heterogeneity and complexity, cancer is often proposed as a model case of a systems biology disease or network disease. There is a critical need of effective biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and/or outcome prediction from system level analyses. Methods based on integrating omics data into networks have the potential to revolutionize the identification of cancer biomarkers. Deciphering the biological networks underlying cancer is undoubtedly important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the disease and identifying effective biomarkers. In this review, the networks constructed for cancer biomarker discovery based on different omics level data are described and illustrated from recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Yan
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjin Xue
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technician College of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Guang Hu
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Chen H, Zhu Z, Zhu Y, Wang J, Mei Y, Cheng Y. Pathway mapping and development of disease-specific biomarkers: protein-based network biomarkers. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:297-314. [PMID: 25560835 PMCID: PMC4407592 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that a disease is rarely a consequence of an abnormality of a single gene, but reflects the interactions of various processes in a complex network. Annotated molecular networks offer new opportunities to understand diseases within a systems biology framework and provide an excellent substrate for network-based identification of biomarkers. The network biomarkers and dynamic network biomarkers (DNBs) represent new types of biomarkers with protein-protein or gene-gene interactions that can be monitored and evaluated at different stages and time-points during development of disease. Clinical bioinformatics as a new way to combine clinical measurements and signs with human tissue-generated bioinformatics is crucial to translate biomarkers into clinical application, validate the disease specificity, and understand the role of biomarkers in clinical settings. In this article, the recent advances and developments on network biomarkers and DNBs are comprehensively reviewed. How network biomarkers help a better understanding of molecular mechanism of diseases, the advantages and constraints of network biomarkers for clinical application, clinical bioinformatics as a bridge to the development of diseases-specific, stage-specific, severity-specific and therapy predictive biomarkers, and the potentials of network biomarkers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Carr BI, Cavallini A, D'Alessandro R, Refolo MG, Lippolis C, Mazzocca A, Messa C. Platelet extracts induce growth, migration and invasion in human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:43. [PMID: 24468103 PMCID: PMC3974148 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombocytopenia has been reported to be associated with small size HCCs, and thrombocytosis to be associated with large size HCCs. The aim was to examine the effects of platelets in relation to HCC cell growth. Methods The effects of time-expired pooled normal human platelets were examined on human HCC cell line growth and invasion. Results Blood platelet numbers increased with increasing HCC tumor size and portal vein invasion. Platelet extracts enhanced cell growth in 4 human HCC cell lines, as well as cell migration, medium AFP levels and decreased apoptosis. Cell invasion was significantly enhanced, using a Matrigel-coated trans-well membrane and3D (Real-Time Imaging) invasion assay. Western blots showed that platelets caused enhanced phospho-ERK and phospho–JNK signaling and anti-apoptotic effect with increase of Bcl-xL (anti-apoptotic marker) and decrease of Bid (pro-apoptotic marker) levels. Their growth effects were blocked by a JNK inhibitor. Conclusions Platelets stimulated growth and invasion of several HCC cell lines in vitro, suggesting that platelets or platelet growth factors could be a potential pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian I Carr
- Laboratory of biochemistry and tumor biology, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS 'Saverio de Bellis', via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy.
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Veitinger M, Umlauf E, Baumgartner R, Badrnya S, Porter J, Lamont J, Gerner C, Gruber CW, Oehler R, Zellner M. A combined proteomic and genetic analysis of the highly variable platelet proteome: from plasmatic proteins and SNPs. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5848-60. [PMID: 22885077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
High biological variation in protein expression represents a major challenge in clinical proteomics. In a study based on 2D-DIGE, we found that the standardised abundance of only a few proteins varied by more than 50%. While some of the highest variable proteins in platelets of 52 healthy elderly were of plasmatic origin, such as albumin or haptoglobin, absence of several other high-abundant plasma proteins strongly suggests that plasma-derived proteins represent an integral part of the platelet proteome. Amongst the highly variable platelet-derived proteins, two spots were both identified as GSTO1 and assigned to either the wild-type or mutant isoform of SNP A140D. Remarkably, when the spots were considered within the respective genotype groups, their CV decreased to about the median variation. Albeit 2D-DIGE allowed correct genotyping, two individuals seemed to be GSTO1*A140 deficient. Probing 2D-Western blots with novel mAb, however, detected A140 protein as additional spot at pH 8.1, caused by the SNPs E155del and E208K. In contrast to previous studies, we show that GSTO1 protein is expressed in vivo, despite the deletion E155. Our data indicate that incorporation of exogenous proteins and genetic polymorphisms of endogenous proteins represent the main source of extreme biological variation in the platelet proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Veitinger
- Institute of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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