1
|
Raja R, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Radhakrishnan A, Syed N, Solanki HS, Puttamallesh VN, Balaji SA, Nanjappa V, Datta KK, Babu N, Renuse S, Patil AH, Izumchenko E, Prasad TSK, Chang X, Rangarajan A, Sidransky D, Pandey A, Gowda H, Chatterjee A. Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke leads to activation of p21 (RAC1)-activated kinase 6 (PAK6) in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61229-61245. [PMID: 27542207 PMCID: PMC5308647 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data clearly establishes cigarette smoking as one of the major cause for lung cancer worldwide. Recently, targeted therapy has become one of the most preferred modes of treatment for cancer. Though certain targeted therapies such as anti-EGFR are in clinical practice, they have shown limited success in lung cancer patients who are smokers. This demands discovery of alternative drug targets through systematic investigation of cigarette smoke-induced signaling mechanisms. To study the signaling events activated in response to cigarette smoke, we carried out SILAC-based phosphoproteomic analysis of H358 lung cancer cells chronically exposed to cigarette smoke. We identified 1,812 phosphosites, of which 278 phosphosites were hyperphosphorylated (≥ 3-fold) in H358 cells chronically exposed to cigarette smoke. Our data revealed hyperphosphorylation of S560 within the conserved kinase domain of PAK6. Activation of PAK6 is associated with various processes in cancer including metastasis. Mechanistic studies revealed that inhibition of PAK6 led to reduction in cell proliferation, migration and invasion of the cigarette smoke treated cells. Further, siRNA mediated silencing of PAK6 resulted in decreased invasive abilities in a panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Consistently, mice bearing tumor xenograft showed reduced tumor growth upon treatment with PF-3758309 (group II PAK inhibitor). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed overexpression of PAK6 in 66.6% (52/78) of NSCLC cases in tissue microarrays. Taken together, our study indicates that PAK6 is a promising novel therapeutic target for NSCLC, especially in smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remya Raja
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India
| | | | - Aneesha Radhakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Nazia Syed
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Hitendra S Solanki
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.,School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Vinuth N Puttamallesh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, 690 525, India
| | - Sai A Balaji
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Vishalakshi Nanjappa
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, 690 525, India
| | - Keshava K Datta
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.,School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Niraj Babu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, 690 525, India
| | - Arun H Patil
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.,School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21231, USA
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, 690 525, India.,YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575018, India.,NIMHANS-IOB Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Xiaofei Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21231, USA
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21231, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.,YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.,YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575018, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma S, Wang C, Zhao B, Ren X, Tian S, Wang J, Zhang C, Shao Y, Qiu M, Wang X. Tandem mass tags labeled quantitative proteomics to study the effect of tobacco smoke exposure on the rat lung. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1866:496-506. [PMID: 29307719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal link between tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and numerous severe respiratory system diseases (RSD), including chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer, is well established. However, the pathogenesis of TSE-induced RSD remains incompletely understood. This research aims to detect the pathogenetic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of TSE-induced RSD. METHODS This study employed TSE model which rats were exposed to a concentration of 60% tobacco smoke in a toxicant exposure system for four weeks. Tandem mass tags (TMT) labeled quantitative proteomics combined with off-line high pH reversed-phase fractionation, and nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method (off-line high pH RPF-nano-LC-MS/MS) were adopted to detect differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the lung tissues of the TSE model rats and to compare them with those in control. The accuracy of the results was verified by western blot. RESULTS Compared with the control group, 33 proteins in the TSE model group's lung tissues showed significant differential expression. Analysis based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways indicated that, several biological pathways, such as the steroid biosynthesis pathway, were involved and played significant roles in the pathogenesis of the experimental group's TSE. CONCLUSIONS These findings make a crucial contribution to the search for a comprehensive understanding of TSE-induced RSD's pathogenesis, and furthermore provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of TSE-induced RSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China; Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Simin Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yuanyang Shao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Minyi Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xueyong Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
D'Anna C, Cigna D, Costanzo G, Bruno A, Ferraro M, Di Vincenzo S, Bianchi L, Bini L, Gjomarkaj M, Pace E. Cigarette smoke alters the proteomic profile of lung fibroblasts. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1644-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The protein identified here may offer a new insight into deciphering damage caused by cigarette smoke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D'Anna
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM)
- CNR
- Palermo
- Italy
| | - Diego Cigna
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM)
- CNR
- Palermo
- Italy
| | - Giorgia Costanzo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM)
- CNR
- Palermo
- Italy
| | - Andreina Bruno
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM)
- CNR
- Palermo
- Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM)
- CNR
- Palermo
- Italy
| | | | - Laura Bianchi
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics
- Molecular Biology Department
- Università degli Studi di Siena
- Siena
- Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics
- Molecular Biology Department
- Università degli Studi di Siena
- Siena
- Italy
| | - Mark Gjomarkaj
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM)
- CNR
- Palermo
- Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM)
- CNR
- Palermo
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Niimori-Kita K, Ogino K, Mikami S, Kudoh S, Koizumi D, Kudoh N, Nakamura F, Misumi M, Shimomura T, Hasegawa K, Usui F, Nagahara N, Ito T. Identification of nuclear phosphoproteins as novel tobacco markers in mouse lung tissue following short-term exposure to tobacco smoke. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:746-54. [PMID: 25349779 PMCID: PMC4208089 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed nuclear phosphoprotein expression activated by tobacco smoke exposure. 253 phosphoproteins were identified in 1-day and 7-day exposure groups. Of these, 33 were significantly differentially expressed in control and exposed groups. Identified proteins were related to inflammation, response to stress and nicotine. OSF3 and spectrin β chain were identified as candidate tobacco smoke markers.
Smoking is a risk factor for lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating the progression of these diseases remain unclear. Therefore, we sought to identify signaling pathways activated by tobacco-smoke exposure, by analyzing nuclear phosphoprotein expression using phosphoproteomic analysis of lung tissue from mice exposed to tobacco smoke. Sixteen mice were exposed to tobacco smoke for 1 or 7 days, and the expression of phosphorylated peptides was analyzed by mass spectrometry. A total of 253 phosphoproteins were identified, including FACT complex subunit SPT16 in the 1-day exposure group, keratin type 1 cytoskeletal 18 (K18), and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, in the 7-day exposure group, and peroxiredoxin-1 (OSF3) and spectrin β chain brain 1 (SPTBN1), in both groups. Semi-quantitative analysis of the identified phosphoproteins revealed that 33 proteins were significantly differentially expressed between the control and exposed groups. The identified phosphoproteins were classified according to their biological functions. We found that the identified proteins were related to inflammation, regeneration, repair, proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, and response to stress and nicotine. In conclusion, we identified proteins, including OSF3 and SPTBN1, as candidate tobacco smoke-exposure markers; our results provide insights into the mechanisms of tobacco smoke-induced diseases.
Collapse
Key Words
- 60s-RP, 60s ribosomal protein L10E
- AFABP, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein
- ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
- CRP1, cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1
- ERK(1/2), extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2
- FACTp140, FACT complex subunit SPT16
- HIP1, Huntingtin-interacting protein 1
- IL, interleukin
- JNK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase
- Jak2, tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2
- K18, keratin type 1 cytoskeletal 18
- K8, keratin type 2 cytoskeletal 8
- LIM, LIM/homeobox protein
- MAPK3, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- Nuclear phosphoprotein
- OSF3, peroxiredoxin-1
- PKC-α, protein kinase C-α
- PRP19, pre-mRNA-processing factor 19
- Phosphoproteomic analysis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SPTBN1, spectrin β chain brain 1
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- Signaling pathways
- TGF-β, Transforming growth factor-β
- TIM, mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim9
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TNFR2, tumor necrosis factor receptor 2
- TRAP1, heat shock protein 75 kDa
- Tobacco smoke exposure
- p100, serine protease P100
- pSTAT3-Tyr705, phosphorylated STAT3
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Niimori-Kita
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ogino
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Sayaka Mikami
- AMR Incorporated, 2-13-18, Nakane, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0031, Japan
| | - Shinji Kudoh
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Daikai Koizumi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Noritaka Kudoh
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masahiro Misumi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tadasuke Shimomura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Koki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Usui
- AMR Incorporated, 2-13-18, Nakane, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0031, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagahara
- Isotope Research Center, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaniaris E, Vaporidi K, Vergadi E, Theodorakis EE, Kondili E, Lagoudaki E, Tsatsanis C, Georgopoulos D. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of Tpl2 kinase is protective in a mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury. Intensive Care Med Exp 2014; 2:15. [PMID: 26266915 PMCID: PMC4513004 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-2-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanical stress induced by injurious ventilation leads to pro-inflammatory cytokine production and lung injury. The extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase, ERK1/2, participates in the signaling pathways activated upon mechanical stress in the lungs to promote the inflammatory response. Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a MAP3kinase that activates ERK1/2 upon cytokine or TLR signaling, to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The role of Tpl2 in lung inflammation, and specifically in the one caused by mechanical stress has not been investigated. The aim of the study was to examine if genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of Tpl2 could ameliorate ventilator-induced lung injury. Methods Adult male wild-type and Tpl2-deficient mice were ventilated with normal or high tidal volume for 4 h. Additional wild-type mice were treated with a Tpl2 inhibitor either before or 30 min after initiation of high tidal ventilation. Non-ventilated mice of both genotypes served as controls. The development of lung injury was evaluated by measuring lung mechanics, arterial blood gases, concentrations of proteins, IL-6, and MIP-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and by lung histology. Data were compared by Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test and significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results Mechanical ventilation with normal tidal volume induced a mild increase of IL-6 in BALF in both strains. High tidal volume ventilation induced lung injury in wild-type mice, characterized by decreased lung compliance, increased concentrations of proteins, IL-6 and MIP-2 in BALF, and inflammatory cell infiltration on histology. All indices of lung injury were ameliorated in Tpl2-deficient mice. Wild-type mice treated with the Tpl2 inhibitor, either prior of after the initiation of high tidal volume ventilation were protected from the development of lung injury, as indicated by preserved lung compliance and lower BALF concentrations of proteins and IL-6, than similarly ventilated, untreated wild-type mice. Conclusions Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of Tpl2 is protective in a mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury, ameliorating both high-permeability pulmonary edema and lung inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Kaniaris
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Intensive Care Medicine Laboratory, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklio, Crete, 71003, Greece,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Colombo G, Clerici M, Giustarini D, Portinaro NM, Aldini G, Rossi R, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I. Pathophysiology of tobacco smoke exposure: recent insights from comparative and redox proteomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:183-218. [PMID: 24272816 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
First-hand and second-hand tobacco smoke are causally linked to a huge number of deaths and are responsible for a broad spectrum of pathologies such as cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, and eye diseases as well as adverse effects on female reproductive function. Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of thousands of different chemical species, which exert their negative effects on macromolecules and biochemical pathways, both directly and indirectly. Many compounds can act as oxidants, pro-inflammatory agents, carcinogens, or a combination of these. The redox behavior of cigarette smoke has many implications for smoke related diseases. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (both radicals and non-radicals), reactive carbonyl compounds, and other species may induce oxidative damage in almost all the biological macromolecules, compromising their structure and/or function. Different quantitative and redox proteomic approaches have been applied in vitro and in vivo to evaluate, respectively, changes in protein expression and specific oxidative protein modifications induced by exposure to cigarette smoke and are overviewed in this review. Many gel-based and gel-free proteomic techniques have already been used successfully to obtain clues about smoke effects on different proteins in cell cultures, animal models, and humans. The further implementation with other sensitive screening techniques could be useful to integrate the comprehension of cigarette smoke effects on human health. In particular, the redox proteomic approach may also help identify biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke useful for preventing these effects or potentially predictive of the onset and/or progression of smoking-induced diseases as well as potential targets for therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Carter CA, Misra M, Maronpot RR. Tracheal Morphologic and Protein Alterations FollowingShort-Term Cigarette Mainstream Smoke Exposure to Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25:201-7. [PMID: 22988338 PMCID: PMC3434335 DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A short-term 5-day nose-only cigarette smoke exposure study was conducted in Fisher 344
rats to identify smoke-induced tracheal protein changes. Groups of 10 male and female 5
week old rats were assigned to 1 of 4 exposure groups. Animals received filtered air, or
75, 200 or 400 mg total particulate matter (TPM)/m3 of diluted 3R4F Kentucky
reference cigarette mainstream smoke. Exposures were conducted for 3 hrs/day, for 5
consecutive days. Tracheas from half the rats were processed for pathology, and tracheas
from the other half of the rats frozen immediately for proteomics. We hypothesized that
smoke will activate tracheal inflammatory, apoptotic, proliferative, and stress-induced
pathways. Mucosal epithelial toxicity from the inhaled material was evidenced by cilia
shortening and loss of tracheal mucosal epithelium in smoke-exposed animals. Mucosal
thinning occurred in all smoke-exposed groups with hyperplastic reparative responses in
the 200 and 400 mg TPM/m3 groups. Tracheal lysates from control vs. treated
animals were screened for 800 proteins using antibody-based microarray technology and
subsequently the most changed proteins evaluated by Western blot. Tracheal proteins
expressed at high levels that were markedly increased or decreased by smoke exposure
depended on dose and gender and included caspase 5, ERK 1/2 and p38. Signaling pathways
common between the morphologic and protein changes were stress, apoptosis, cell cycle
control, cell proliferation and survival. Changes in identified proteins affected by smoke
exposure were associated with tracheal mucosal pathology, may induce functional tracheal
changes, and could serve as early indicators of tracheal damage and associated
disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charleata A Carter
- A. W. Spears Research Center, 420 N. English Street, Lorillard Tobacco Company, Greensboro, NC 27405, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang H, Pelech S. Using protein microarrays to study phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23:872-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|