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Abstract
Cardiac ageing manifests as a decline in function leading to heart failure. At the cellular level, ageing entails decreased replicative capacity and dysregulation of cellular processes in myocardial and nonmyocyte cells. Various extrinsic parameters, such as lifestyle and environment, integrate important signalling pathways, such as those involving inflammation and oxidative stress, with intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying resistance versus progression to cellular senescence. Mitigation of cardiac functional decline in an ageing organism requires the activation of enhanced maintenance and reparative capacity, thereby overcoming inherent endogenous limitations to retaining a youthful phenotype. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulation of cellular function and renewal reveals potential interventional targets to attenuate degenerative processes at the cellular and systemic levels to improve quality of life for our ageing population. In this Review, we discuss the roles of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in cardiac ageing. Animal models of cardiac ageing are summarized, followed by an overview of the current and possible future treatments to mitigate the deleterious effects of cardiac ageing.
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Mora-Ortiz M, Nuñez Ramos P, Oregioni A, Claus SP. NMR metabolomics identifies over 60 biomarkers associated with Type II Diabetes impairment in db/db mice. Metabolomics 2019; 15:89. [PMID: 31179513 PMCID: PMC6556514 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rapid expansion of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), that currently affects 90% of people suffering from diabetes, urges us to develop a better understanding of the metabolic processes involved in the disease process in order to develop better therapies. The most commonly used model for T2D research is the db/db (BKS.Cg-Dock7 < m > +/+ Lepr < db >/J) mouse model. Yet, a systematic 1H NMR based metabolomics characterisation of most tissues in this animal model has not been published. Here, we provide a systematic organ-specific metabolomics analysis of this widely employed model using NMR spectroscopy. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterise the metabolic modulations associated with T2D in db/db mice in 18 relevant biological matrices. METHODS High-resolution 1H-NMR and 2D-NMR spectroscopy were applied to 18 biological matrices of 12 db/db mice (WT control n = 6, db/db = 6) aged 22 weeks, when diabetes is fully established. RESULTS 61 metabolites associated with T2D were identified. Kidney, spleen, eye and plasma were the biological matrices carrying the largest metabolomics modulations observed in established T2D, based on the total number of metabolites that showed a statistical difference between the diabetic and control group in each tissue (16 in each case) and the strength of the O-PLS DA model for each tissue. Glucose and glutamate were the most commonly associated metabolites found significantly increased in nine biological matrices. Investigated sections where no increase of glucose was associated with T2D include all intestinal segments (i.e. duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon). Microbial co-metabolites such as acetate and butyrate, used as carbon sources by the host, were identified in excess in the colonic tissues of diabetic individuals. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic biomarkers identified using 1H NMR-based metabolomics will represent a useful resource to explore metabolic pathways involved in T2D in the db/db mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mora-Ortiz
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, P.O. Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
- Department of Twin Research, Kings' College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EW, UK.
| | - Patricia Nuñez Ramos
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Campus de Badajoz, C.P. 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Alain Oregioni
- MRC Biomedical NMR Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sandrine P Claus
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, P.O. Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
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Mora-Ortiz M, Trichard M, Oregioni A, Claus SP. Thanatometabolomics: introducing NMR-based metabolomics to identify metabolic biomarkers of the time of death. Metabolomics 2019; 15:37. [PMID: 30834988 PMCID: PMC6476858 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Death is the permanent cessation of the critical functions of the organism as a whole. However, the shutdown of a complex biological organism does not abruptly terminate at time of death. New high-throughput technologies allow the systematic investigation of the biochemical modulations occurring after death. Recent genomics studies have demonstrated that genes remain active after death, triggering upregulation of some genes and initiating feedback loops. These genes were mostly involved in pathways related to immunity, inflammation and cancer. These genetic modulations suggest many biochemical events persist after death, which can be captured using a metabolomics approach. OBJECTIVES This proof of concept work aimed to determine whether NMR spectroscopy could identify metabolomics changes occurring after death, and characterise the nature of these metabolomics modulations. METHODS High-resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopy was applied to six biological matrices: heart, kidney, liver, spleen, skin and white adipose tissue of ten adult mice at three different type points. RESULTS Forty-three metabolites were associated with post mortem metabolomics modulations. Kidney, heart and spleen showed the highest metabolic perturbations. Conversely, skin and white adipose tissue were the least altered matrices. Early metabolic modulations were associated with energy metabolism and DNA synthesis, by contrast, late metabolomics modulations were associated with microbial metabolism. CONCLUSIONS NMR has proven potential to determine the time of death based on post-mortem metabolomics modulations. This could be useful in the context of transplants, forensic studies and as internal quality control in metabolomics studies. Further investigations are required to validate these findings in humans in order to determine which compounds robustly reflect post-mortem metabolic fluctuations to accurately determine the time of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mora-Ortiz
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
- Department of Twin Research, Kings College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, 3rd Floor South Wing Block D, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Marianne Trichard
- Département Biologie Alimentaire à l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Biologie et Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCBP), 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Alain Oregioni
- MRC Biomedical NMR Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sandrine P Claus
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
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Fan C, Su D, Tian H, Li X, Li Y, Ran L, Hu R, Cheng J. Liver metabolic perturbations of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [PMID: 29514433 PMCID: PMC6043453 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective The objective of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying liver metabolic perturbations in dairy cows exposed to heat stress (HS). METHODS Liquid chromatography massabl spectrometry was used to analyze metabolic differences in livers of 20 dairy cows, with and without exposure to HS. RESULTS The results revealed 33 potential metabolite candidate biomarkers for the detection of HS in dairy cows. Fifteen of these metabolites (glucose, lactate, pyruvate, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, fumaric acid, citric acid, choline, glycine, proline, isoleucine, leucine, urea, creatinine, and orotic acid) were previously found to be potential biomarkers of HS in plasma or milk, discriminating dairy cows with and without HS. CONCLUSION All the potential diagnostic biomarkers were involved in glycolysis, amino acid, ketone, tricarboxylic acid, or nucleotide metabolism, indicating that HS mainly affected energy and nucleotide metabolism in lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Di Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - He Tian
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lei Ran
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ruiting Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jianbo Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Phetcharaburanin J, Lees H, Marchesi JR, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Seyfried F, Li JV. Systemic Characterization of an Obese Phenotype in the Zucker Rat Model Defining Metabolic Axes of Energy Metabolism and Host–Microbial Interactions. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1897-906. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer,
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Lees
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer,
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Julian R. Marchesi
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer,
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Digestive and Gut Health, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- School
of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer,
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Digestive and Gut Health, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer,
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Digestive and Gut Health, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Seyfried
- Department
of General and Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jia V. Li
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer,
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Digestive and Gut Health, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Valerio A, Nisoli E. Nitric oxide, interorganelle communication, and energy flow: a novel route to slow aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:6. [PMID: 25705617 PMCID: PMC4319459 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial lifecycle (mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and removal by mitophagy) is carefully orchestrated to ensure the efficient generation of cellular energy and to maintain reactive oxygen species (ROS) production within an optimal range for cellular health. Based on latest research, these processes largely depend on mitochondrial interactions with other cell organelles, so that the ER- and peroxisome-mitochondrial connections might intervene in the control of cellular energy flow. Damaged organelles are cleared by autophagic mechanisms to assure the quality and proper function of the intracellular organelle pool. Nitric oxide (NO) generated through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) acts a gas signaling mediator to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics, with a favorable impact in diverse chronic diseases of the elderly. Obesity, diabetes and aging share common pathophysiological mechanisms, including mitochondrial impairment and dysfunctional eNOS. Here we review the evidences that eNOS-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control, and possibly the complex interplay among cellular organelles, may be affected by metabolic diseases and the aging processes, contributing to reduce healthspan and lifespan. Drugs or nutrients able to sustain the eNOS-NO generating system might contribute to maintain organelle homeostasis and represent novel preventive and/or therapeutic approaches to chronic age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Brescia, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, University of Milan Milan, Italy
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Bravo R, Cubero J, Franco L, Mesa M, Galán C, Rodríguez AB, Jarne C, Barriga C. Body weight gain in rats by a high-fat diet produces chronodisruption in activity/inactivity circadian rhythm. Chronobiol Int 2013; 31:363-70. [PMID: 24304409 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.859151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, obesity has become one of the most important public health problems. Adipose tissue is an active endocrine tissue which follows a rhythmic pattern in its functions and may produce alterations in certain circadian rhythms. Our aim was to evaluate whether the locomotor activity circadian rhythm could be modified by a hypercaloric diet in rodents. Two groups were considered in the experiment: 16 rats were used as a control group and were fed standard chow; the other group comprised 16 rats fed a high-fat diet (35.8% fat, 35% glucides). The trial lasted 16 weeks. Body weight was measured every week, and a blood sample was extracted every two weeks to quantify triglyceride levels. The activity/inactivity circadian rhythm was logged through actimetry throughout the trial, and analysed using the DAS 24© software package. At the end of the experiment, the high-fat fed rats had obese-like body weights and high plasma triglyceride levels, and, compared with the control group, increased diurnal activity, decreased nocturnal activity, reductions in amplitude, midline estimating statistic of rhythm, acrophase and interdaily stability, and increases in intradaily variability of their activity rhythms. The results thus show how obesity can lead to symptoms of chronodisruption in the body similar to those of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bravo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science and
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