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Assante G, Tourna A, Carpani R, Ferrari F, Prati D, Peyvandi F, Blasi F, Bandera A, Le Guennec A, Chokshi S, Patel VC, Cox IJ, Valenti L, Youngson NA. Reduced circulating FABP2 in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 may indicate enterocyte functional change rather than cell death. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18792. [PMID: 36335131 PMCID: PMC9637119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is of importance in the pathology of COVID-19 both as a route of infection, and gut dysfunction influencing the severity of disease. Systemic changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 gut infection include alterations in circulating levels of metabolites, nutrients and microbial products which alter immune and inflammatory responses. Circulating plasma markers for gut inflammation and damage such as zonulin, lipopolysaccharide and β-glycan increase in plasma along with severity of disease. However, Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein / Fatty Acid Binding Protein 2 (I-FABP/FABP2), a widely used biomarker for gut cell death, has paradoxically been shown to be reduced in moderate to severe COVID-19. We also found this pattern in a pilot cohort of mild (n = 18) and moderately severe (n = 19) COVID-19 patients in Milan from March to June 2020. These patients were part of the first phase of COVID-19 in Europe and were therefore all unvaccinated. After exclusion of outliers, patients with more severe vs milder disease showed reduced FABP2 levels (median [IQR]) (124 [368] vs. 274 [558] pg/mL, P < 0.01). A reduction in NMR measured plasma relative lipid-CH3 levels approached significance (median [IQR]) (0.081 [0.011] vs. 0.073 [0.024], P = 0.06). Changes in circulating lipid levels are another feature commonly observed in severe COVID-19 and a weak positive correlation was observed in the more severe group between reduced FABP2 and reduced relative lipid-CH3 and lipid-CH2 levels. FABP2 is a key regulator of enterocyte lipid import, a process which is inhibited by gut SARS-CoV-2 infection. We propose that the reduced circulating FABP2 in moderate to severe COVID-19 is a marker of infected enterocyte functional change rather than gut damage, which could also contribute to the development of hypolipidemia in patients with more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Assante
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College, London, UK
| | - A Tourna
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College, London, UK
| | - R Carpani
- Fondazione IRCSS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - F Ferrari
- Fondazione IRCSS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - D Prati
- Fondazione IRCSS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - F Peyvandi
- Fondazione IRCSS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Blasi
- Fondazione IRCSS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Bandera
- Fondazione IRCSS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Le Guennec
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College, London, UK
| | - S Chokshi
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College, London, UK
| | - V C Patel
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College, London, UK
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - I J Cox
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK.
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College, London, UK.
| | - L Valenti
- Fondazione IRCSS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - N A Youngson
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK.
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College, London, UK.
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2
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Percival BC, Latour YL, Tifft CJ, Grootveld M. Rapid Identification of New Biomarkers for the Classification of GM1 Type 2 Gangliosidosis Using an Unbiased 1H NMR-Linked Metabolomics Strategy. Cells 2021; 10:572. [PMID: 33807817 PMCID: PMC7998791 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers currently available for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring of GM1 gangliosidosis type 2 (GM1T2) disease are mainly limited to those discovered in targeted proteomic-based studies. In order to identify and establish new, predominantly low-molecular-mass biomarkers for this disorder, we employed an untargeted, multi-analyte approach involving high-resolution 1H NMR analysis coupled to a range of multivariate analysis and computational intelligence technique (CIT) strategies to explore biomolecular distinctions between blood plasma samples collected from GM1T2 and healthy control (HC) participants (n = 10 and 28, respectively). The relationship of these differences to metabolic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of GM1T2 disorder was also investigated. 1H NMR-linked metabolomics analyses revealed significant GM1T2-mediated dysregulations in ≥13 blood plasma metabolites (corrected p < 0.04), and these included significant upregulations in 7 amino acids, and downregulations in lipoprotein-associated triacylglycerols and alanine. Indeed, results acquired demonstrated a profound distinctiveness between the GM1T2 and HC profiles. Additionally, employment of a genome-scale network model of human metabolism provided evidence that perturbations to propanoate, ethanol, amino-sugar, aspartate, seleno-amino acid, glutathione and alanine metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and most especially branched-chain amino acid degradation (p = 10-12-10-5) were the most important topologically-highlighted dysregulated pathways contributing towards GM1T2 disease pathology. Quantitative metabolite set enrichment analysis revealed that pathological locations associated with these dysfunctions were in the order fibroblasts > Golgi apparatus > mitochondria > spleen ≈ skeletal muscle ≈ muscle in general. In conclusion, results acquired demonstrated marked metabolic imbalances and alterations to energy demand, which are consistent with GM1T2 disease pathogenesis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita C. Percival
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
| | - Yvonne L. Latour
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0252, USA;
| | - Cynthia J. Tifft
- Deputy Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1205, USA;
| | - Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
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Miller-Vedam LE, Bräuning B, Popova KD, Schirle Oakdale NT, Bonnar JL, Prabu JR, Boydston EA, Sevillano N, Shurtleff MJ, Stroud RM, Craik CS, Schulman BA, Frost A, Weissman JS. Structural and mechanistic basis of the EMC-dependent biogenesis of distinct transmembrane clients. eLife 2020; 9:e62611. [PMID: 33236988 PMCID: PMC7785296 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane protein biogenesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is complex and failure-prone. The ER membrane protein complex (EMC), comprising eight conserved subunits, has emerged as a central player in this process. Yet, we have limited understanding of how EMC enables insertion and integrity of diverse clients, from tail-anchored to polytopic transmembrane proteins. Here, yeast and human EMC cryo-EM structures reveal conserved intricate assemblies and human-specific features associated with pathologies. Structure-based functional studies distinguish between two separable EMC activities, as an insertase regulating tail-anchored protein levels and a broader role in polytopic membrane protein biogenesis. These depend on mechanistically coupled yet spatially distinct regions including two lipid-accessible membrane cavities which confer client-specific regulation, and a non-insertase EMC function mediated by the EMC lumenal domain. Our studies illuminate the structural and mechanistic basis of EMC's multifunctionality and point to its role in differentially regulating the biogenesis of distinct client protein classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi E Miller-Vedam
- Molecular, Cellular, and Computational Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biology, Whitehead Institute, MITCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Bastian Bräuning
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Katerina D Popova
- Department of Biology, Whitehead Institute, MITCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Nicole T Schirle Oakdale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jessica L Bonnar
- Department of Biology, Whitehead Institute, MITCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jesuraj R Prabu
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Elizabeth A Boydston
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Natalia Sevillano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Matthew J Shurtleff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Robert M Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Adam Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Biology, Whitehead Institute, MITCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
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Volkmar N, Christianson JC. Squaring the EMC - how promoting membrane protein biogenesis impacts cellular functions and organismal homeostasis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/8/jcs243519. [PMID: 32332093 PMCID: PMC7188443 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins play key functional roles at organelles and the plasma membrane, necessitating their efficient and accurate biogenesis to ensure appropriate targeting and activity. The endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) has recently emerged as an important eukaryotic complex for biogenesis of integral membrane proteins by promoting insertion and stability of atypical and sub-optimal transmembrane domains (TMDs). Although confirmed as a bona fide complex almost a decade ago, light is just now being shed on the mechanism and selectivity underlying the cellular responsibilities of the EMC. In this Review, we revisit the myriad of functions attributed the EMC through the lens of these new mechanistic insights, to address questions of the cellular and organismal roles the EMC has evolved to undertake. Summary: The EMC is an important factor facilitating membrane protein biogenesis. Here we discuss the broad cellular and organismal responsibilities overseen by client proteins requiring the EMC for maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Volkmar
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - John C Christianson
- Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
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5
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Bermingham KM, Brennan L, Segurado R, Barron RE, Gibney ER, Ryan MF, Gibney MJ, O’Sullivan AM. Exploring Covariation between Traditional Markers of Metabolic Health and the Plasma Metabolomic Profile: A Classic Twin Design. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2613-2623. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate M. Bermingham
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Segurado
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rebecca E. Barron
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aifric M. O’Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Brommage R, Powell DR, Vogel P. Predicting human disease mutations and identifying drug targets from mouse gene knockout phenotyping campaigns. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm038224. [PMID: 31064765 PMCID: PMC6550044 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two large-scale mouse gene knockout phenotyping campaigns have provided extensive data on the functions of thousands of mammalian genes. The ongoing International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), with the goal of examining all ∼20,000 mouse genes, has examined 5115 genes since 2011, and phenotypic data from several analyses are available on the IMPC website (www.mousephenotype.org). Mutant mice having at least one human genetic disease-associated phenotype are available for 185 IMPC genes. Lexicon Pharmaceuticals' Genome5000™ campaign performed similar analyses between 2000 and the end of 2008 focusing on the druggable genome, including enzymes, receptors, transporters, channels and secreted proteins. Mutants (4654 genes, with 3762 viable adult homozygous lines) with therapeutically interesting phenotypes were studied extensively. Importantly, phenotypes for 29 Lexicon mouse gene knockouts were published prior to observations of similar phenotypes resulting from homologous mutations in human genetic disorders. Knockout mouse phenotypes for an additional 30 genes mimicked previously published human genetic disorders. Several of these models have helped develop effective treatments for human diseases. For example, studying Tph1 knockout mice (lacking peripheral serotonin) aided the development of telotristat ethyl, an approved treatment for carcinoid syndrome. Sglt1 (also known as Slc5a1) and Sglt2 (also known as Slc5a2) knockout mice were employed to develop sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor having success in clinical trials for diabetes. Clinical trials evaluating inhibitors of AAK1 (neuropathic pain) and SGLT1 (diabetes) are underway. The research community can take advantage of these unbiased analyses of gene function in mice, including the minimally studied 'ignorome' genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brommage
- Department of Metabolism Research, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - David R Powell
- Department of Metabolism Research, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Pathology, MS 250, Room C5036A, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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7
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Probert F, Ruiz-Rodado V, Vruchte DT, Nicoli ER, Claridge TDW, Wassif CA, Farhat N, Porter FD, Platt FM, Grootveld M. NMR analysis reveals significant differences in the plasma metabolic profiles of Niemann Pick C1 patients, heterozygous carriers, and healthy controls. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6320. [PMID: 28740230 PMCID: PMC5524790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease is a rare autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder, which presents with a range of clinical phenotypes and hence diagnosis remains a challenge. In view of these difficulties, the search for a novel, NPC1-specific biomarker (or set of biomarkers) is a topic of much interest. Here we employed high-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy coupled with advanced multivariate analysis techniques in order to explore and seek differences between blood plasma samples acquired from NPC1 (untreated and miglustat treated), heterozygote, and healthy control subjects. Using this approach, we were able to identify NPC1 disease with 91% accuracy confirming that there are significant differences in the NMR plasma metabolic profiles of NPC1 patients when compared to healthy controls. The discrimination between NPC1 (both miglustat treated and untreated) and healthy controls was dominated by lipoprotein triacylglycerol 1H NMR resonances and isoleucine. Heterozygote plasma samples displayed also increases in the intensities of selected lipoprotein triacylglycerol 1H NMR signals over those of healthy controls. The metabolites identified could represent useful biomarkers in the future and provide valuable insight in to the underlying pathology of NPC1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay Probert
- Department of Pharmacology, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher A Wassif
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Section of Molecular Dysmorphology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Farhat
- Section of Molecular Dysmorphology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Section of Molecular Dysmorphology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Grootveld
- Department of Pharmacology, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
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Zhou C, Jia HM, Liu YT, Yu M, Chang X, Ba YM, Zou ZM. Metabolism of glycerophospholipid, bile acid and retinol is correlated with the early outcomes of autoimmune hepatitis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:1574-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00092d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study first reports the metabolic variations at the early stage of the liver injury related to autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-mei Jia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
| | - Yue-tao Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
| | - Xing Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan-ming Ba
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Zhong-mei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
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