1
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Wu Y, Qiao Y, Yang C, Chen Y, Shen X, Deng C, Yao Q, Sun N. Accelerated Exosomal Metabolic Profiling Enabled by Robust On-Target Array Sintering with Metal-Organic Frameworks. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2401238. [PMID: 39263996 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal, and survival chances improve only with early detection at a precancerous stage. However, there remains a significant gap in developing tools for large-scale, rapid screening. To this end, a high-throughput On-Target Array Extraction Platform (OTAEP) by direct sintering of a series of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for dual in situ extraction, encompassing both exosomes and their metabolic profiles, is developed. Based on the principle of geometry-dependent photothermal conversion efficiency and standard testing, the appropriate MOF functional unit is identified. This unit enables exosome enrichment within 10 min and metabolic fingerprint extraction in under 1 s of laser irradiation, with over five reuse. To further accelerate and enhance the quality of metabolic profile analysis, the application of Surrogate Variable Analysis to eliminate hidden confounding factors within the profiles is proposed, and five biomarkers demonstrated by MS/MS experiments are identified. These biomarkers enable early diagnosis, risk stratification, and staging of pancreatic cancer simultaneously, with sensitivity of 94.1%, specificity of 98.8%, and precision of 94.9%. This work represents a breakthrough for overcoming throughput challenges in large-scale testing and for addressing confounding factors in big data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Qiao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yueying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xizhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qunyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, P. R. China
| | - Nianrong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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Bhardwaj JK, Siwach A, Sachdeva SN. Metabolomics and cellular altered pathways in cancer biology: A review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23807. [PMID: 39148273 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a deadly disease that affects a cell's metabolism and surrounding tissues. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of metabolic alterations in cancer cells would assist in developing cancer treatment targets and approaches. From this perspective, metabolomics is a great analytical tool to clarify the mechanisms of cancer therapy as well as a useful tool to investigate cancer from a distinct viewpoint. It is a powerful emerging technology that detects up to thousands of molecules in tissues and biofluids. Like other "-omics" technologies, metabolomics involves the comprehensive investigation of micromolecule metabolites and can reveal important details about the cancer state that is otherwise not apparent. Recent developments in metabolomics technologies have made it possible to investigate cancer metabolism in greater depth and comprehend how cancer cells utilize metabolic pathways to make the amino acids, nucleotides, and lipids required for tumorigenesis. These new technologies have made it possible to learn more about cancer metabolism. Here, we review the cellular and systemic effects of cancer and cancer treatments on metabolism. The current study provides an overview of metabolomics, emphasizing the current technologies and their use in clinical and translational research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Kumar Bhardwaj
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Anshu Siwach
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Som Nath Sachdeva
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra and Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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Taunk K, Jajula S, Bhavsar PP, Choudhari M, Bhanuse S, Tamhankar A, Naiya T, Kalita B, Rapole S. The prowess of metabolomics in cancer research: current trends, challenges and future perspectives. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05041-w. [PMID: 38814423 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Cancer due to its heterogeneous nature and large prevalence has tremendous socioeconomic impacts on populations across the world. Therefore, it is crucial to discover effective panels of biomarkers for diagnosing cancer at an early stage. Cancer leads to alterations in cell growth and differentiation at the molecular level, some of which are very unique. Therefore, comprehending these alterations can aid in a better understanding of the disease pathology and identification of the biomolecules that can serve as effective biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Metabolites, among other biomolecules of interest, play a key role in the pathophysiology of cancer whose levels are significantly altered while 'reprogramming the energy metabolism', a cellular condition favored in cancer cells which is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Metabolomics, an emerging omics technology has tremendous potential to contribute towards the goal of investigating cancer metabolites or the metabolic alterations during the development of cancer. Diverse metabolites can be screened in a variety of biofluids, and tumor tissues sampled from cancer patients against healthy controls to capture the altered metabolism. In this review, we provide an overview of different metabolomics approaches employed in cancer research and the potential of metabolites as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. In addition, we discuss the challenges associated with metabolomics-driven cancer research and gaze upon the prospects of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushman Taunk
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, NH12 Simhat, Haringhata, Nadia, West Bengal, 741249, India
| | - Saikiran Jajula
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Praneeta Pradip Bhavsar
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Mahima Choudhari
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Sadanand Bhanuse
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Anup Tamhankar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre, Erandawne, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India
| | - Tufan Naiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, NH12 Simhat, Haringhata, Nadia, West Bengal, 741249, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India.
| | - Srikanth Rapole
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
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Jain SK, Bansal S, Bansal S, Singh B, Klotzbier W, Mehta KY, Cheema AK. An Optimized Method for LC-MS-Based Quantification of Endogenous Organic Acids: Metabolic Perturbations in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5901. [PMID: 38892088 PMCID: PMC11172734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate and reliable quantification of organic acids with carboxylic acid functional groups in complex biological samples remains a major analytical challenge in clinical chemistry. Issues such as spontaneous decarboxylation during ionization, poor chromatographic resolution, and retention on a reverse-phase column hinder sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM)-based LC-MS assays. We report a targeted metabolomics method using phenylenediamine derivatization for quantifying carboxylic acid-containing metabolites (CCMs). This method achieves accurate and sensitive quantification in various biological matrices, with recovery rates from 90% to 105% and CVs ≤ 10%. It shows linearity from 0.1 ng/mL to 10 µg/mL with linear regression coefficients of 0.99 and LODs as low as 0.01 ng/mL. The library included a wide variety of structurally variant CCMs such as amino acids/conjugates, short- to medium-chain organic acids, di/tri-carboxylic acids/conjugates, fatty acids, and some ring-containing CCMs. Comparing CCM profiles of pancreatic cancer cells to normal pancreatic cells identified potential biomarkers and their correlation with key metabolic pathways. This method enables sensitive, specific, and high-throughput quantification of CCMs from small samples, supporting a wide range of applications in basic, clinical, and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyans K. Jain
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Center, E-415, New Research Building, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.K.J.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (B.S.); (W.K.); (K.Y.M.)
| | - Shivani Bansal
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Center, E-415, New Research Building, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.K.J.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (B.S.); (W.K.); (K.Y.M.)
| | - Sunil Bansal
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Center, E-415, New Research Building, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.K.J.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (B.S.); (W.K.); (K.Y.M.)
| | - Baldev Singh
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Center, E-415, New Research Building, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.K.J.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (B.S.); (W.K.); (K.Y.M.)
| | - William Klotzbier
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Center, E-415, New Research Building, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.K.J.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (B.S.); (W.K.); (K.Y.M.)
| | - Khyati Y. Mehta
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Center, E-415, New Research Building, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.K.J.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (B.S.); (W.K.); (K.Y.M.)
| | - Amrita K. Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Center, E-415, New Research Building, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.K.J.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (B.S.); (W.K.); (K.Y.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Centre, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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5
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Stålberg SM, Silwal-Pandit L, Bastani NE, Nebdal DJH, Lingjærde OC, Skålhegg BS, Kure EH. Preoperative profiles of plasma amino acids and derivatives distinguish periampullary cancer and benign disease. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:555. [PMID: 38702616 PMCID: PMC11067218 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Periampullary cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, ampullary-, cholangio-, and duodenal carcinoma, are frequently diagnosed in an advanced stage and are associated with poor overall survival. They are difficult to differentiate from each other and challenging to distinguish from benign periampullary disease preoperatively. To improve the preoperative diagnostics of periampullary neoplasms, clinical or biological markers are warranted.In this study, 28 blood plasma amino acids and derivatives from preoperative patients with benign (N = 45) and malignant (N = 72) periampullary disease were analyzed by LC-MS/MS.Principal component analysis and consensus clustering both separated the patients with cancer and the patients with benign disease. Glutamic acid had significantly higher plasma expression and 15 other metabolites significantly lower plasma expression in patients with malignant disease compared with patients having benign disease. Phenylalanine was the only metabolite associated with improved overall survival (HR = 0.50, CI 0.30-0.83, P < 0.01).Taken together, plasma metabolite profiles from patients with malignant and benign periampullary disease were significantly different and have the potential to distinguish malignant from benign disease preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Margrethe Stålberg
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø i Telemark, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Skien Hospital, Vestfold og Telemark, Norway
| | - Laxmi Silwal-Pandit
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasser Ezzatkhah Bastani
- Division for Molecular Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ole Christian Lingjærde
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Steen Skålhegg
- Division for Molecular Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Hegland Kure
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø i Telemark, Norway.
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6
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Shi W, Cheng Y, Zhu H, Zhao L. Metabolomics and lipidomics in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 555:117823. [PMID: 38325713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Due to its insidious nature, lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify sensitive/specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring. The current study was designed to provide a current metabolic profile of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by systematically reviewing and summarizing various metabolomic/ lipidomic studies based on NSCLC blood samples, attempting to find biomarkers in human blood that can predict or diagnose NSCLC, and investigating the involvement of key metabolites in the pathogenesis of NSCLC. We searched all articles on lung cancer published in Elsevier, PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library between January 2012 and December 2022. After critical selection, a total of 31 studies (including 2768 NSCLC patients and 9873 healthy individuals) met the inclusion criteria, and 22 were classified as "high quality". Forty-six metabolites related to NSCLC were repeatedly identified, involving glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism. Pyruvic acid, carnitine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, kynurenine and 3-hydroxybutyrate showed upward trends in all studies, citric acid, glycine, threonine, cystine, alanine, histidine, inosine, betaine and arachidic acid showed downward trends in all studies. This review summarizes the existing metabolomic/lipidomic studies related to the identification of blood biomarkers in NSCLC, examines the role of key metabolites in the pathogenesis of NSCLC, and provides an important reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. Due to the limited size and design heterogeneity of the existing studies, there is an urgent need for standardization of future studies, while validating existing findings with more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, 110016 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yizhen Cheng
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, 110016 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Haihua Zhu
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, 24 Wuzhou Road Yuhang Economic and Technological Development Area, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, 110016 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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7
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Zhong H, Liu S, Zhu J, Xu TH, Yu H, Wu L. Elucidating the role of blood metabolites on pancreatic cancer risk using two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:852-862. [PMID: 37860916 PMCID: PMC10843029 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an uncommon but highly fatal malignancy. Identifying causal metabolite biomarkers offers an opportunity to facilitate effective risk assessment strategies for PDAC. In this study, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to characterize the potential causal effects of metabolites in plasma on PDAC risk. Genetic instruments were determined for a total of 506 metabolites from one set of comprehensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving 913 individuals of European ancestry from the INTERVAL/EPIC-Norfolk cohorts. Another set of genetic instruments was developed for 483 metabolites from an independent GWAS conducted with 8299 individuals of European ancestry from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) cohort. We analyzed GWAS data of the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium (PanScan) and the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4), comprising 8275 PDAC cases and 6723 controls of European ancestry. The association of metabolites with PDAC risk was assessed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, and complemented with sensitivity analyses of MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO tests. Potential side effects of targeting the identified metabolites for PDAC intervention were further evaluated by a phenome-wide MR (Phe-MR) analysis. Forty-four unique metabolites were identified to be significantly associated with PDAC risk, of which four top-ranking metabolites (X: 12798, X: 11787, X: 11308 and X: 19141) showed replication evidence when using instruments developed from both two cohorts. Our results highlight novel blood metabolites related to PDAC risk, which may help prioritize metabolic features for PDAC mechanistic research and further evaluation of their potential role in PDAC risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhong
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Shuai Liu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Teddy H. Xu
- Torrey Pines High School, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lang Wu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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8
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Irajizad E, Kenney A, Tang T, Vykoukal J, Wu R, Murage E, Dennison JB, Sans M, Long JP, Loftus M, Chabot JA, Kluger MD, Kastrinos F, Brais L, Babic A, Jajoo K, Lee LS, Clancy TE, Ng K, Bullock A, Genkinger JM, Maitra A, Do KA, Yu B, Wolpin BM, Hanash S, Fahrmann JF. A blood-based metabolomic signature predictive of risk for pancreatic cancer. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101194. [PMID: 37729870 PMCID: PMC10518621 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates microbiome involvement in the development of pancreatic cancer (PaCa). Here, we investigate whether increases in circulating microbial-related metabolites associate with PaCa risk by applying metabolomics profiling to 172 sera collected within 5 years prior to PaCa diagnosis and 863 matched non-subject sera from participants in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cohort. We develop a three-marker microbial-related metabolite panel to assess 5-year risk of PaCa. The addition of five non-microbial metabolites further improves 5-year risk prediction of PaCa. The combined metabolite panel complements CA19-9, and individuals with a combined metabolite panel + CA19-9 score in the top 2.5th percentile have absolute 5-year risk estimates of >13%. The risk prediction model based on circulating microbial and non-microbial metabolites provides a potential tool to identify individuals at high risk of PaCa that would benefit from surveillance and/or from potential cancer interception strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Irajizad
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana Kenney
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Tang
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jody Vykoukal
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ranran Wu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eunice Murage
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer B Dennison
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marta Sans
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James P Long
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maureen Loftus
- Dana-Farber Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A Chabot
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Cancer and the Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael D Kluger
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Cancer and the Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fay Kastrinos
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Cancer and the Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Brais
- Dana-Farber Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Babic
- Dana-Farber Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kunal Jajoo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda S Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas E Clancy
- Dana-Farber Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Dana-Farber Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Bullock
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeanine M Genkinger
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Dana-Farber Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sam Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Johannes F Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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9
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Ungkulpasvich U, Hatakeyama H, Hirotsu T, di Luccio E. Pancreatic Cancer and Detection Methods. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2557. [PMID: 37760999 PMCID: PMC10526344 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pancreas is a vital organ with exocrine and endocrine functions. Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas caused by alcohol consumption and gallstones. This condition can heighten the risk of pancreatic cancer (PC), a challenging disease with a high mortality rate. Genetic and epigenetic factors contribute significantly to PC development, along with other risk factors. Early detection is crucial for improving PC outcomes. Diagnostic methods, including imagining modalities and tissue biopsy, aid in the detection and analysis of PC. In contrast, liquid biopsy (LB) shows promise in early tumor detection by assessing biomarkers in bodily fluids. Understanding the function of the pancreas, associated diseases, risk factors, and available diagnostic methods is essential for effective management and early PC detection. The current clinical examination of PC is challenging due to its asymptomatic early stages and limitations of highly precise diagnostics. Screening is recommended for high-risk populations and individuals with potential benign tumors. Among various PC screening methods, the N-NOSE plus pancreas test stands out with its high AUC of 0.865. Compared to other commercial products, the N-NOSE plus pancreas test offers a cost-effective solution for early detection. However, additional diagnostic tests are required for confirmation. Further research, validation, and the development of non-invasive screening methods and standardized scoring systems are crucial to enhance PC detection and improve patient outcomes. This review outlines the context of pancreatic cancer and the challenges for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric di Luccio
- Hirotsu Bioscience Inc., 22F The New Otani Garden Court, 4-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan; (U.U.); (H.H.); (T.H.)
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10
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Choi M, Park M, Lee SH, Lee MJ, Paik Y, Jang SI, Lee DK, Lee S, Kang CM. Development of a metabolite calculator for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:15933-15944. [PMID: 37350558 PMCID: PMC10469663 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 is a known pancreatic cancer (PC) biomarker, but is not commonly used for general screening due to its low sensitivity and specificity. This study aimed to develop a serum metabolites-based diagnostic calculator for detecting PC with high accuracy. METHODS A targeted quantitative approach of direct flow injection-tandem mass spectrometry combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was employed for metabolomic analysis of serum samples using an Absolute IDQ™ p180 kit. Integrated metabolomic analysis was performed on 241 pooled or individual serum samples collected from healthy donors and patients from nine disease groups, including chronic pancreatitis, PC, other cancers, and benign diseases. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) based on characteristics of 116 serum metabolites distinguished patients with PC from those with other diseases. Sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (SPLS-DA) was also performed, incorporating simultaneous dimension reduction and variable selection. Predictive performance between discrimination models was compared using a 2-by-2 contingency table of predicted probabilities obtained from the models and actual diagnoses. RESULTS Predictive values obtained through OPLS-DA for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, balanced accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were 0.9825, 0.9916, 0.9870, 0.9866, and 0.9870, respectively. The number of metabolite candidates was narrowed to 76 for SPLS-DA. The SPLS-DA-obtained predictive values for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, balanced accuracy, and AUC were 0.9773, 0.9649, 0.9832, 0.9741, and 0.9741, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We successfully developed a 76 metabolome-based diagnostic panel for detecting PC that demonstrated high diagnostic performance in differentiating PC from other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munseok Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yongin Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineYongin‐siSouth Korea
| | - Minsu Park
- Department of Information and StatisticsChungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Lee
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical CenterCHA UniversitySouth Korea
| | - Min Jung Lee
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center and Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science and Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Young‐Ki Paik
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center and Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science and Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sung Il Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Dong Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sang‐Guk Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Chang Moo Kang
- Department of Surgery, Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
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11
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Muranaka H, Hendifar A, Osipov A, Moshayedi N, Placencio-Hickok V, Tatonetti N, Stotland A, Parker S, Van Eyk J, Pandol SJ, Bhowmick NA, Gong J. Plasma Metabolomics Predicts Chemotherapy Response in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3020. [PMID: 37296982 PMCID: PMC10252041 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest cancers. Developing biomarkers for chemotherapeutic response prediction is crucial for improving the dismal prognosis of advanced-PC patients (pts). To evaluate the potential of plasma metabolites as predictors of the response to chemotherapy for PC patients, we analyzed plasma metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry from 31 cachectic, advanced-PC subjects enrolled into the PANCAX-1 (NCT02400398) prospective trial to receive a jejunal tube peptide-based diet for 12 weeks and who were planned for palliative chemotherapy. Overall, there were statistically significant differences in the levels of intermediates of multiple metabolic pathways in pts with a partial response (PR)/stable disease (SD) vs. progressive disease (PD) to chemotherapy. When stratified by the chemotherapy regimen, PD after 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy (e.g., FOLFIRINOX) was associated with decreased levels of amino acids (AAs). For gemcitabine-based chemotherapy (e.g., gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel), PD was associated with increased levels of intermediates of glycolysis, the TCA cycle, nucleoside synthesis, and bile acid metabolism. These results demonstrate the feasibility of plasma metabolomics in a prospective cohort of advanced-PC patients for assessing the effect of enteral feeding as their primary source of nutrition. Metabolic signatures unique to FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel may be predictive of a patient's response and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Muranaka
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (H.M.); (A.H.); (A.O.); (N.M.); (V.P.-H.); (S.J.P.); (N.A.B.)
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andrew Hendifar
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (H.M.); (A.H.); (A.O.); (N.M.); (V.P.-H.); (S.J.P.); (N.A.B.)
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Arsen Osipov
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (H.M.); (A.H.); (A.O.); (N.M.); (V.P.-H.); (S.J.P.); (N.A.B.)
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Natalie Moshayedi
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (H.M.); (A.H.); (A.O.); (N.M.); (V.P.-H.); (S.J.P.); (N.A.B.)
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Veronica Placencio-Hickok
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (H.M.); (A.H.); (A.O.); (N.M.); (V.P.-H.); (S.J.P.); (N.A.B.)
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nicholas Tatonetti
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Aleksandr Stotland
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.S.); (S.P.); (J.V.E.)
| | - Sarah Parker
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.S.); (S.P.); (J.V.E.)
| | - Jennifer Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.S.); (S.P.); (J.V.E.)
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (H.M.); (A.H.); (A.O.); (N.M.); (V.P.-H.); (S.J.P.); (N.A.B.)
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Neil A. Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (H.M.); (A.H.); (A.O.); (N.M.); (V.P.-H.); (S.J.P.); (N.A.B.)
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Research, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Jun Gong
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (H.M.); (A.H.); (A.O.); (N.M.); (V.P.-H.); (S.J.P.); (N.A.B.)
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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12
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Zhong H, Liu S, Zhu J, Wu L. Associations between genetically predicted levels of blood metabolites and pancreatic cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:103-110. [PMID: 36757187 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive solid malignancies, which is featured by systematic metabolism. Thus, a better understanding of metabolic dysregulation in PDAC is important to better characterize its etiology. Here, we performed a large metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) to systematically explore associations between genetically predicted metabolite levels in blood and PDAC risk. Using data from 881 subjects of European descent in the TwinsUK Project, comprehensive genetic models were built to predict serum metabolite levels. These prediction models were applied to the genetic data of 8275 cases and 6723 controls included in the PanScan (I, II and III) and PanC4 consortia. After assessing the metabolite-PDAC risk associations by a slightly modified TWAS/FUSION framework, we identified five metabolites (including two dipeptides) showing significant associations with PDAC risk at false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05. Integrated with gut microbial information, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were further performed to investigate the relationship among serum metabolites, gut microbiome features and PDAC. The flavonoid-degrading bacteria Flavonifractor sp90199495 was found to be associated with metabolite X-21849 and it was also shown to be associated with PDAC risk. Collectively, our study identified novel candidate metabolites for PDAC risk, which could lead to new insights into the etiology of PDAC and improved treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhong
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Shuai Liu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Lang Wu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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13
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Zhao R, Ren S, Li C, Guo K, Lu Z, Tian L, He J, Zhang K, Cao Y, Liu S, Li D, Wang Z. Biomarkers for pancreatic cancer based on tissue and serum metabolomics analysis in a multicenter study. Cancer Med 2023; 12:5158-5171. [PMID: 36161527 PMCID: PMC9972159 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) may improve the prognosis of patients. This study was to identify metabolic features of PDAC and to discover early detection biomarkers for PDAC by tissue and serum metabolomics analysis. METHODS We conducted nontargeted metabolomics analysis in tissue samples of 51 PDAC tumors, 40 noncancerous pancreatic tissues (NT), and 14 benign pancreatic neoplasms (BP) as well as serum samples from 80 patients with PDAC, 36 with BP, and 48 healthy controls (Ctr). The candidate metabolites identified from the initial analysis were further quantified using targeted analysis in serum samples of an independent cohort of 22 early stage PDAC, 27 BP, and 27 Ctr subjects. Unconditional binary logistic regression analysis was used to construct the optimal model for PDAC diagnosis. RESULTS Upregulated levels of fatty acids and lipids and downregulated amino acids were observed in tissue and serum samples of PDAC patients. Proline, creatine, and palmitic acid were identified as a panel of potential biomarkers to distinguish PDAC from BP and Ctr (odds ratio = 2.17, [95% confidence interval 1.34-3.53]). The three markers showed area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.854 and 0.865, respectively, for the comparison of PDAC versus Ctr and PDAC versus BP. The AUCs were 0.830 and 0.852 in the validation set and were improved to 0.949 and 0.909 when serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) was added to the model. CONCLUSION The novel metabolite biomarker panel identified in this study exhibited promising performance in distinguishing PDAC from BP or Ctr, especially in combination with CA19-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Ren
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Changyin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zipeng Lu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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14
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Cao YY, Guo K, Zhao R, Li Y, Lv XJ, Lu ZP, Tian L, Ren S, Wang ZQ. Untargeted metabolomics characterization of the resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231179007. [PMID: 37312938 PMCID: PMC10259126 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231179007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is difficult due to the lack of specific symptoms and screening methods. Only less than 10% of PDAC patients are candidates for surgery at the time of diagnosis. Thus, there is a great global unmet need for valuable biomarkers that could improve the opportunity to detect PDAC at the resectable stage. This study aimed to develop a potential biomarker model for the detection of resectable PDAC by tissue and serum metabolomics. Methods Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was performed for metabolome quantification in 98 serum samples (49 PDAC patients and 49 healthy controls (HCs)) and 20 pairs of matched pancreatic cancer tissues (PCTs) and adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANTs) from PDAC patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to profile the differential metabolites between PDAC and HC. Results A total of 12 differential metabolites were present in both serum and tissue samples of PDAC. Among them, a total of eight differential metabolites showed the same expressional levels, including four upregulated and four downregulated metabolites. Finally, a panel of three metabolites including 16-hydroxypalmitic acid, phenylalanine, and norleucine was constructed by logistic regression analysis. Notably, the panel was capable of distinguishing resectable PDAC from HC with an AUC value of 0.942. Additionally, a multimarker model based on the 3-metabolites-based panel and CA19-9 showed a better performance than the metabolites panel or CA19-9 alone (AUC: 0.968 vs. 0.942, 0.850). Conclusions Taken together, the resectable early-stage PDAC has unique metabolic features in serum and tissue samples. The defined panel of three metabolites has the potential value for early screening of PDAC at the resectable stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Cao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Lv
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Peng Lu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Ren
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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15
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Ossoliński K, Ruman T, Ossoliński T, Ossolińska A, Arendowski A, Kołodziej A, Płaza-Altamer A, Nizioł J. Monoisotopic silver nanoparticles-based mass spectrometry imaging of human bladder cancer tissue: Biomarker discovery. Adv Med Sci 2022; 68:38-45. [PMID: 36566601 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common form of cancer worldwide and the 2nd most common cancer of the urinary tract after prostate cancer, taking into account both incidence and prevalence. MATERIALS/METHODS Tissues from patients with BC and also tissue extracts were analyzed by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LDI-MSI) with monoisotopic silver-109 nanoparticles-enhanced target (109AgNPET). RESULTS Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses revealed 10 metabolites that differentiated between tumor and normal tissues from six patients with diagnosed BC. Selected metabolites are discussed in detail in relation to their mass spectrometry (MS) imaging results. The pathway analysis enabled us to link these compounds with 17 metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of biomarkers, 10 known metabolites were identified as the new potential biomarkers with areas under the curve (AUC) higher than >0.99. In both univariate and multivariate analysis, it was predicted that these compounds could serve as useful discriminators of cancerous versus normal tissue in patients diagnosed with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Ruman
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | - Anna Ossolińska
- Department of Urology, John Paul II Hospital, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Adrian Arendowski
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Artur Kołodziej
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów, Poland; Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences at the Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Aneta Płaza-Altamer
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów, Poland; Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences at the Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Joanna Nizioł
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów, Poland.
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16
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Kalantari S, Kazemi B, Roudi R, Zali H, D'Angelo A, Mohamadkhani A, Madjd Z, Pourshams A. RNA-sequencing for transcriptional profiling of whole blood in early stage and metastatic pancreatic cancer patients. Cell Biol Int 2022; 47:238-249. [PMID: 36229929 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the transcriptional profile of whole blood in early and metastatic stages of pancreatic cancer (PaC) patients to identify potential diagnostic factors for early diagnosis. Blood samples from 18 participants (6 healthy individuals, 6 patients in early stage (I/II) PaC, and 6 patients in metastatic PaC) were analyzed by RNA-sequencing. The expression levels of identified genes were subsequently compared with their expression in pancreatic tumor tissues based on TCGA data reported in UALCAN and GEPIA2 databases. Overall, 331 and 724 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes in early and metastatic stages, respectively. Of these, 146 genes were shared by early and metastatic stages. Upregulation of PTCD3 and UBA52 genes and downregulation of A2M and ARID1B genes in PaC patients were observed from early stage to metastasis. TCGA database showed increasing trend in expression levels of these genes from stage I to IV in pancreatic tumor tissue. Finally, we found that low expression of PTCD3, A2M, and ARID1B genes and high expression of UBA52 gene were positively correlated with PaC patients survival. We identified a four-gene set (PTCD3, UBA52, A2M, and ARID1B) expressed in peripheral blood of early stage and metastatic PaC patients that may be useful for PaC early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Kalantari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Ketavarapu V, Ravikanth V, Sasikala M, Rao GV, Devi CV, Sripadi P, Bethu MS, Amanchy R, Murthy HVV, Pandol SJ, Reddy DN. Integration of metabolites from meta-analysis with transcriptome reveals enhanced SPHK1 in PDAC with a background of pancreatitis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:792. [PMID: 35854233 PMCID: PMC9295503 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathophysiology of transformation of inflammatory lesions in chronic pancreatitis (CP) to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is not clear. METHODS We conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis of circulating metabolites, integrated this data with transcriptome analysis of human pancreatic tissues and validated using immunohistochemistry. Our aim was to establish biomarker signatures for early malignant transformation in patients with underlying CP and identify therapeutic targets. RESULTS Analysis of 19 studies revealed AUC of 0.86 (95% CI 0.81-0.91, P < 0.0001) for all the altered metabolites (n = 88). Among them, lipids showed higher differentiating efficacy between PDAC and CP; P-value (< 0.0001). Pathway enrichment analysis identified sphingomyelin metabolism (impact value-0.29, FDR of 0.45) and TCA cycle (impact value-0.18, FDR of 0.06) to be prominent pathways in differentiating PDAC from CP. Mapping circulating metabolites to corresponding genes revealed 517 altered genes. Integration of these genes with transcriptome data of CP and PDAC with a background of CP (PDAC-CP) identified three upregulated genes; PIGC, PPIB, PKM and three downregulated genes; AZGP1, EGLN1, GNMT. Comparison of CP to PDAC-CP and PDAC-CP to PDAC identified upregulation of SPHK1, a known oncogene. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests plausible role for SPHK1 in development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in long standing CP patients. SPHK1 could be further explored as diagnostic and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayasarathy Ketavarapu
- grid.410866.d0000 0004 1803 177XAsian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Mindspace Rd, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Vishnubhotla Ravikanth
- grid.410866.d0000 0004 1803 177XAsian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Mindspace Rd, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Mitnala Sasikala
- grid.410866.d0000 0004 1803 177XAsian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Mindspace Rd, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - G. V. Rao
- grid.410866.d0000 0004 1803 177XAIG Hospitals, Mindspace Rd, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Ch. Venkataramana Devi
- grid.412419.b0000 0001 1456 3750Department of Biochemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 India
| | - Prabhakar Sripadi
- grid.417636.10000 0004 0636 1405Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Analytical & Structural Chemistry Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500 007 India
| | - Murali Satyanarayana Bethu
- grid.410865.eDivision of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India ,grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm &Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14221 USA
| | - Ramars Amanchy
- grid.410865.eDivision of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| | - H. V. V. Murthy
- grid.410866.d0000 0004 1803 177XAsian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Mindspace Rd, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - D. Nageshwar Reddy
- grid.410866.d0000 0004 1803 177XAIG Hospitals, Mindspace Rd, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
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Deprogramming metabolism in pancreatic cancer with a bi-functional GPR55 inhibitor and biased β2 adrenergic agonist. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3618. [PMID: 35256673 PMCID: PMC8901637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming contributes to oncogenesis, tumor growth, and treatment resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we report the effects of (R,S′)-4′-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol (MNF), a GPR55 antagonist and biased β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist on cellular signaling implicated in proliferation and metabolism in PDAC cells. The relative contribution of GPR55 and β2-AR in (R,S′)-MNF signaling was explored further in PANC-1 cells. Moreover, the effect of (R,S′)-MNF on tumor growth was determined in a PANC-1 mouse xenograft model. PANC-1 cells treated with (R,S′)-MNF showed marked attenuation in GPR55 signal transduction and function combined with increased β2-AR/Gαs/adenylyl cyclase/PKA signaling, both of which contributing to lower MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT and YAP/TAZ signaling. (R,S′)-MNF administration significantly reduced PANC-1 tumor growth and circulating l-lactate concentrations. Global metabolic profiling of (R,S′)-MNF-treated tumor tissues revealed decreased glycolytic metabolism, with a shift towards normoxic processes, attenuated glutamate metabolism, and increased levels of ophthalmic acid and its precursor, 2-aminobutyric acid, indicative of elevated oxidative stress. Transcriptomics and immunoblot analyses indicated the downregulation of gene and protein expression of HIF-1α and c-Myc, key initiators of metabolic reprogramming in PDAC. (R,S′)-MNF treatment decreased HIF-1α and c-Myc expression, attenuated glycolysis, shifted fatty acid metabolism towards β-oxidation, and suppressed de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in PANC-1 tumors. The results indicate a potential benefit of combined GPR55 antagonism and biased β2-AR agonism in PDAC therapy associated with the deprogramming of altered cellular metabolism.
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Suksawat M, Phetcharaburanin J, Klanrit P, Namwat N, Khuntikeo N, Titapun A, Jarearnrat A, Vilayhong V, Sa-ngiamwibool P, Techasen A, Wangwiwatsin A, Mahalapbutr P, Li JV, Loilome W. Metabolic Phenotyping Predicts Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Chemosensitivity in Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma. Front Public Health 2022; 10:766023. [PMID: 35223723 PMCID: PMC8866176 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.766023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine and cisplatin serve as appropriate treatments for patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Our previous study using histoculture drug response assay (HDRA), demonstrated individual response patterns to gemcitabine and cisplatin. The current study aimed to identify predictive biomarkers for gemcitabine and cisplatin sensitivity in tissues and sera from patients with CCA using metabolomics. Metabolic signatures of patients with CCA were correlated with their HDRA response patterns. The tissue metabolic signatures of patients with CCA revealed the inversion of the TCA cycle that is evident with increased levels of citrate and amino acid backbones as TCA cycle intermediates, and glucose which corresponds to cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. The protein expression levels of CSC markers were examined on tissues and showed the significantly inverse association with the responses of patients to cisplatin. Moreover, the elevation of ethanol level was observed in gemcitabine- and cisplatin-sensitive group. In serum, a lower level of glucose but a higher level of methylguanidine was observed in the gemcitabine-responders as non-invasive predictive biomarker for gemcitabine sensitivity. Collectively, our findings indicate that these metabolites may serve as the predictive biomarkers in clinical practice which not only predict the chemotherapy response in patients with CCA but also minimize the adverse effect from chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manida Suksawat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University International Phenome Laboratory, Northeastern Science Park, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University International Phenome Laboratory, Northeastern Science Park, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Poramate Klanrit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Attapon Titapun
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Jarearnrat
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Vanlakhone Vilayhong
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prakasit Sa-ngiamwibool
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Arporn Wangwiwatsin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University International Phenome Laboratory, Northeastern Science Park, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jia V. Li
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University International Phenome Laboratory, Northeastern Science Park, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Watcharin Loilome
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Metabolomics: An Emerging Approach to Understand Pathogenesis and to Assess Diagnosis and Response to Treatment in Spondyloarthritis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030549. [PMID: 35159358 PMCID: PMC8834108 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of rheumatic diseases whose pathogenesis relies on a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Over the last several years, the importance of the alteration of the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, and the interaction of bacterial products with host immunity have been highlighted as intriguing key players in SpA development. The recent advent of the so called “-omics” sciences, that include metabolomics, opened the way to a new approach to SpA through a deeper characterisation of the pathogenetic mechanisms behind the disease. In addition, metabolomics can reveal potential new biomarkers to diagnose and monitor SpA patients. The aim of this review is to highlight the most recent advances concerning the application of metabolomics to SpA, in particular focusing attention on Ankylosing Spondylitis and Psoriatic Arthritis.
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21
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Lou D, Shi K, Li HP, Zhu Q, Hu L, Luo J, Yang R, Liu F. Quantitative metabolic analysis of plasma extracellular vesicles for the diagnosis of severe acute pancreatitis. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:52. [PMID: 35090480 PMCID: PMC8796348 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is the most common gastrointestinal disease and is associated with unpredictable seizures and high mortality rates. Despite improvements in the treatment of acute pancreatitis, the timely and accurate diagnosis of SAP remains highly challenging. Previous research has shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the plasma have significant potential for the diagnosis of SAP since the pancreas can release EVs that carry pathological information into the peripheral blood in the very early stages of the disease. However, we know very little about the metabolites of EVs that might play a role in the diagnosis of SAP. METHODS Here, we performed quantitative metabolomic analyses to investigate the metabolite profiles of EVs isolated from SAP plasma. We also determined the metabolic differences of EVs when compared between healthy controls, patients with SAP, and those with mild acute pancreatitis (MAP). RESULTS A total of 313 metabolites were detected, mainly including organic acids, amino acids, fatty acids, and bile acids. The results showed that the metabolic composition of EVs derived from SAP and MAP was significantly different from those derived from healthy controls and identified specific differences between EVs derived from patients with SAP and MAP. On this basis, we identified four biomarkers from plasma EVs for SAP detection, including eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3), thiamine triphosphate, 2-Acetylfuran, and cis-Citral. The area under the curve (AUC) was greater than 0.95 for both discovery (n = 30) and validation (n = 70) sets. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that metabolic profiling analysis of plasma EVs and the screening of potential biomarkers are of significant potential for improving the early diagnosis and severity differentiation of acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Lou
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keqing Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Ping Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingfu Zhu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou, 325001, Zhejiang, China.
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22
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Evaluation of 64Cu-Labeled New Anti-EGFR Antibody NCAB001 with Intraperitoneal Injection for Early PET Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer in Orthotopic Tumor-Xenografted Mice and Nonhuman Primates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100950. [PMID: 34681174 PMCID: PMC8540406 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To improve the prognosis of pancreatic cancer, new imaging methods to identify tumor lesions at a size of <1 cm are urgently needed. To approach this clinical issue, we developed a new method to detect small tumor lesions in the pancreas (≥3 mm) by positron emission tomography (PET) using an intraperitoneally (ip)-administered 64Cu-labeled new anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody (encoded as NCAB001), called 64Cu-NCAB001 ipPET. Methods: NCAB001 was manufactured under cGMP conditions and labeled with 64Cu. The radiochemical and biological properties of 64Cu-NCAB001 were evaluated. Tumor uptake of an ip-administered 64Cu-NCAB001 in mice with orthotopic pancreatic tumor xPA1-DC xenografts was also evaluated. Pharmacokinetics and radiation dosimetry were examined using PET images acquired after the ip administration of 64Cu-NCAB001 into cynomolgus monkeys with pharmacologic safety monitoring. Results: Radio-chromatography, cell-binding assays, and biodistribution of 64Cu-NCAB001 in mice were identical to those of our previous data with clinically available cetuximab. Small tumor lesions in the pancreas (≥3 mm) of mice could be identified by 64Cu-NCAB001 ipPET. The ip administration of 64Cu-NCAB001 into monkeys was safely conducted using ultrasound imaging. PET images in monkeys showed that ip-administered 64Cu-NCAB001 was distributed throughout the intraperitoneal cavity for up to 6 h and cleared thereafter. Most of the radioactivity was distributed in the liver and the large intestine. The radioactivity around the pancreas became negligible 24 h after administration. The estimated human effective dose was 0.0174 mSv/MBq. Conclusion: Our data support the initiation of clinical trials of 64Cu-NCAB001 ipPET to transfer this promising tool for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancers.
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Schmidt DR, Patel R, Kirsch DG, Lewis CA, Vander Heiden MG, Locasale JW. Metabolomics in cancer research and emerging applications in clinical oncology. CA Cancer J Clin 2021; 71:333-358. [PMID: 33982817 PMCID: PMC8298088 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has myriad effects on metabolism that include both rewiring of intracellular metabolism to enable cancer cells to proliferate inappropriately and adapt to the tumor microenvironment, and changes in normal tissue metabolism. With the recognition that fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography imaging is an important tool for the management of many cancers, other metabolites in biological samples have been in the spotlight for cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Metabolomics is the global analysis of small molecule metabolites that like other -omics technologies can provide critical information about the cancer state that are otherwise not apparent. Here, the authors review how cancer and cancer therapies interact with metabolism at the cellular and systemic levels. An overview of metabolomics is provided with a focus on currently available technologies and how they have been applied in the clinical and translational research setting. The authors also discuss how metabolomics could be further leveraged in the future to improve the management of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Schmidt
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rutulkumar Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - David G. Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Caroline A. Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jason W. Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
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24
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Yang Z, Zhang Q, Luo H, Shao L, Liu R, Kong Y, Zhao X, Geng Y, Li C, Wang X. Effect of Carbon Ion Radiation Induces Bystander Effect on Metastasis of A549 Cells and Metabonomic Correlation Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:601620. [PMID: 33738244 PMCID: PMC7962605 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.601620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the effect of carbon ion (12C6+) radiation may induce bystander effect on A549 cell metastasis and metabonomics. Methods A549 cell was irradiated with carbon ion to establish the clone survival model and the transwell matrix assay was applied to measure the effect of carbon ion on cell viability, migration, and invasion, respectively. Normal human embryonic lung fibroblasts (WI-38) were irradiated with carbon ions of 0 and 2 Gy and then transferred to A549 cell co-culture medium for 24 h. The migration and invasion of A549 cells were detected by the Transwell chamber. The analysis of metabonomic information in transfer medium by liquid phase mass spectrometry (LC-MS), The differential molecules were obtained by principal pomponent analysis (PCA) and the target proteins of significant differences (p = 1.7 × 10−3) obtained by combining with the STICH database. KEGG pathway was used to analyze the enrichment of the target protein pathway. Results Compared with 0 Gy, the colony formation, migration, and invasion of A549 cells were significantly inhibited by carbon ion 2 and 4 Gy irradiation, while the inhibitory effect was not significant after 1 Gy irradiation. Compared with 0 Gy, the culture medium 24 h after carbon ion 2 Gy irradiation significantly inhibited the metastasis of tumor cells (p = 0.03). LC-MS analysis showed that 23 differential metabolites were obtained in the cell culture medium 24 h after carbon ion 0 and 2 Gy irradiation (9 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated). Among them, two were up-regulated and two down-regulated (p = 2.9 × 10−3). 41 target proteins were corresponding to these four differential molecules. Through the analysis of the KEGG signal pathway, it was found that these target molecules were mainly enriched in purine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, peroxisome, and carbon metabolism. Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism, and Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway. Conclusion The bystander effect induced by 2 Gy carbon ion radiation inhibits the metastasis of tumor cells, which indicates that carbon ions may change the metabolites of irradiated cells, so that it may indirectly affect the metabolism of tumor cell growth microenvironment, thus inhibiting the metastasis of malignant tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- The Basic Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiuning Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Luo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lihua Shao
- Department of Oncology, Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yarong Kong
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueshan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yichao Geng
- Department of Oncology, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Department of Oncology, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- The Basic Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Michálková L, Horník Š, Sýkora J, Habartová L, Setnička V, Bunganič B. Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Based on 1H NMR Metabolomics. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:1744-1753. [PMID: 33617266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The association of pancreatic cancer with type 2 diabetes mellitus was investigated by 1H NMR metabolomic analysis of blood plasma. Concentration data of 58 metabolites enabled discrimination of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients from healthy controls (HC) and long-term type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. A panel of eight metabolites was proposed and successfully tested for group discrimination. Furthermore, a prediction model for the identification of at-risk individuals for future development of pancreatic cancer was built and tested on recent-onset diabetes mellitus (RODM) patients. Six of 59 RODM samples were assessed as PC with an accuracy of more than 80%. The health condition of these individuals was re-examined, and in four cases, a correlation to the prediction was found. The current health condition can be retrospectively attributed to misdiagnosed pancreatogenic diabetes or to early-stage pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Michálková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Prague 6 16502, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Horník
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Prague 6 16502, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Prague 6 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Habartová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuš Bunganič
- Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague 6 16902, Czech Republic
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26
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Winnard PT, Bharti SK, Sharma RK, Krishnamachary B, Mironchik Y, Penet MF, Goggins MG, Maitra A, Kamel I, Horton KM, Jacobs MA, Bhujwalla ZM. Brain metabolites in cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways are altered by pancreatic cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1487-1500. [PMID: 33006443 PMCID: PMC7749557 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is a major cause of morbidity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. Our purpose was to understand the impact of PDAC-induced cachexia on brain metabolism in PDAC xenograft studies, to gain new insights into the causes of cachexia-induced morbidity. Changes in mouse and human plasma metabolites were characterized to identify underlying causes of brain metabolic changes. METHODS We quantified metabolites, detected with high-resolution 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in the brain and plasma of normal mice (n = 10) and mice bearing cachexia (n = 10) or non-cachexia (n = 9) inducing PDAC xenografts as well as in human plasma obtained from normal individuals (n = 24) and from individuals with benign pancreatic disease (n = 20) and PDAC (n = 20). Statistical significance was defined as a P value ≤0.05. RESULTS The brain metabolic signature of cachexia-inducing PDAC was characterized by a significant depletion of choline of -27% and -21% as well as increases of glutamine of 13% and 9% and formate of 21% and 14%, relative to normal controls and non-cachectic tumour-bearing mice, respectively. Good to moderate correlations with percent weight change were found for choline (r = 0.70), glutamine (r = -0.58), and formate (r = -0.43). Significant choline depletion of -38% and -30%, relative to normal controls and non-cachectic tumour-bearing mice, respectively, detected in the plasma of cachectic mice likely contributed to decreased brain choline in cachectic mice. Similarly, relative to normal controls and patients with benign disease, choline levels in human plasma samples of PDAC patients were significantly lower by -12% and -20% respectively. A comparison of plasma metabolites from PDAC patients with and without weight loss identified significant changes in glutamine metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Disturbances in metabolites of the choline/cholinergic and glutamine/glutamate/glutamatergic neurotransmitter pathways may contribute to morbidity. Metabolic normalization may provide strategies to reduce morbidity. The human plasma metabolite changes observed may lead to the development of companion diagnostic markers to detect PDAC and PDAC-induced cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Winnard
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar Bharti
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raj Kumar Sharma
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie-France Penet
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael G Goggins
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ihab Kamel
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen M Horton
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Jacobs
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Daulton E, Wicaksono AN, Tiele A, Kocher HM, Debernardi S, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T, Covington JA. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the non-invasive detection of pancreatic cancer from urine. Talanta 2020; 221:121604. [PMID: 33076134 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a particularly challenging cancer, with very low 5-year survival rates. This low survival rate is linked to late stage diagnosis, associated with the lack of approved biomarkers. One approach that is receiving considerable attention is the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that emanate from biological waste as biomarkers for disease. In this study, we used urine as our biological matrix and two VOC analysis platforms: gas chromatography - ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and GC time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). We measured the urinary headspace of samples from patients with PDAC, chronic pancreatitis (CP) and healthy controls. In total, 123 samples were tested from these groups. Results indicate that both GC-IMS and GC-TOF-MS were able to discriminate PDAC from healthy controls with high confidence and an AUC (area under the curve) in excess of 0.85. However, both methods struggled to separate CP from PDAC, with the best result of AUC 0.58. This indicates that both conditions produce similar biomarkers in the urinary headspace. Chemical identification suggests that 2,6-dimethyl-octane, nonanal, 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethyl-benzene and 2-pentanone play an important role in separating these groups. Therefore, both techniques validate this approach in identifying subjects for further investigation in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Daulton
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Akira Tiele
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Silvana Debernardi
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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28
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Martín-Blázquez A, Jiménez-Luna C, Díaz C, Martínez-Galán J, Prados J, Vicente F, Melguizo C, Genilloud O, Pérez del Palacio J, Caba O. Discovery of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Biomarkers by Untargeted Metabolomics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1002. [PMID: 32325731 PMCID: PMC7225994 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. In fact, complete surgical resection remains the only curative treatment. However, fewer than 20% of patients are candidates for surgery at the time of presentation. Hence, there is a critical need to identify diagnostic biomarkers with potential clinical utility in this pathology. In this context, metabolomics could be a powerful tool to search for new robust biomarkers. Comparative metabolomic profiling was performed in serum samples from 59 unresectable PDAC patients and 60 healthy controls. Samples were analyzed by using an untargeted metabolomics workflow based on liquid chromatography, coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry in positive and negative electrospray ionization modes. Univariate and multivariate analysis allowed the identification of potential candidates that were significantly altered in PDAC patients. A panel of nine candidates yielded excellent diagnostic capacities. Pathway analysis revealed four altered pathways in our patients. This study shows the potential of liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry as a diagnostic tool for PDAC. Furthermore, it identified novel robust biomarkers with excellent diagnostic capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Martín-Blázquez
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.M.-B.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (O.G.); (J.P.d.P.)
| | - Cristina Jiménez-Luna
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland;
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.M.); (O.C.)
| | - Caridad Díaz
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.M.-B.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (O.G.); (J.P.d.P.)
| | - Joaquina Martínez-Galán
- Service of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.M.); (O.C.)
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.M.-B.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (O.G.); (J.P.d.P.)
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.M.); (O.C.)
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.M.-B.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (O.G.); (J.P.d.P.)
| | - José Pérez del Palacio
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.M.-B.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (O.G.); (J.P.d.P.)
| | - Octavio Caba
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.M.); (O.C.)
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
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29
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Immuno-OpenPET: a novel approach for early diagnosis and image-guided surgery for small resectable pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4143. [PMID: 32157106 PMCID: PMC7064510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis owing to difficulties in the diagnosis of resectable PC at early stages. Several clinical studies have indicated that the detection and surgery of small resectable PC (<1 cm) can significantly improve survival; however, imaging diagnosis and accurate resection of small PC remain challenging. Here, we report the feasibility of "immuno-OpenPET" as a novel approach enabling not only early diagnosis but also image-guided surgery, using a small (<1 cm) resectable PC orthotopic xenograft mouse model. For immuno-OpenPET, we utilized our original OpenPET system, which enables high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with depth-of-interaction detectors, as well as real-time image-guided surgery, by arranging the detectors to create an open space for surgery and accelerating the image reconstruction process by graphics processing units. For immuno-OpenPET, 64Cu-labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab was intraperitoneally administered into mice. It clearly identified PC tumors ≥3 mm. In contrast, neither OpenPET with intravenous-administered 64Cu-cetuximab nor intraperitoneal/intravenous-administered 18F-FDG (a traditional PET probe) could detect PC in this model. Immuno-OpenPET-guided surgery accurately resected small PC in mice and achieved significantly prolonged survival. This technology could provide a novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for small resectable PC to improve patient survival.
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30
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Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Arguís M, Arenas M, Fernández-Arroyo S, Murcia M, Sabater S, Torres L, Baiges-Gayà G, Hernández-Aguilera A, Camps J, Joven J. Alterations in plasma concentrations of energy-balance-related metabolites in patients with lung, or head & neck, cancers: Effects of radiotherapy. J Proteomics 2019; 213:103605. [PMID: 31841666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the alterations in the plasma concentrations of energy-balance-related metabolites in patients with lung (LC) or head & neck (HNC) cancer and the changes on these parameters induced by radiotherapy. The study was conducted in 33 patients with non-small cell LC and 28 patients with HNC. We analyzed the concentrations of 17 metabolites involved in glycolysis, citric acid cycle and amino acid metabolism using targeted gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. For comparison, a control group of 50 healthy individuals was included in the present study. Patients with LC or HNC had significant alterations in the plasma levels of several energy-balance-related metabolites. Radiotherapy partially normalized these alterations in patients with LC, but not in those with HNC. The measurement of plasma glutamate concentration was an excellent predictor of the presence of LC or HNC, with sensitivity >90% and specificity >80%. Also, associations with disease prognosis were observed with plasma glutamate, amino acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. SIGNIFICANCE: This study analyzed the changes produced in the plasma concentrations of energy-balance-related metabolites in patients with lung cancer or head and neck cancer. The results obtained identified glutamate as the parameter with the highest discrimination capacity between patients and the control group. The relationships between various metabolites and clinical outcomes were also analyzed. These results extend the knowledge of metabolic alterations in cancer, thus facilitating the search for biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Josep Laporte s/n, 43204 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mònica Arguís
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Josep Laporte s/n, 43204 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Arenas
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Josep Laporte s/n, 43204 Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mauricio Murcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Josep Laporte s/n, 43204 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sebastià Sabater
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Josep Laporte s/n, 43204 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laura Torres
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Josep Laporte s/n, 43204 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Baiges-Gayà
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
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31
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Rho SY, Lee SG, Park M, Lee J, Lee SH, Hwang HK, Lee MJ, Paik YK, Lee WJ, Kang CM. Developing a preoperative serum metabolome-based recurrence-predicting nomogram for patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18634. [PMID: 31819109 PMCID: PMC6901525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential application of preoperative serum metabolomes in predicting recurrence in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. From November 2012 to June 2014, patients who underwent potentially curative pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were examined. Among 57 patients, 32 were men; 42 had pancreatic head cancers. The 57 patients could be clearly categorized into two main clusters using 178 preoperative serum metabolomes. Patients within cluster 2 showed earlier tumor recurrence, compared with those within cluster 1 (p = 0.034). A nomogram was developed for predicting the probability of early disease-free survival in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. Preoperative cancer antigen (CA) 19–9 levels and serum metabolomes PC.aa.C38_4, PC.ae.C42_5, and PC.ae.C38_6 were the most powerful preoperative clinical variables with which to predict 6-month and 1-year cancer recurrence-free survival after radical pancreatectomy, with a Harrell’s concordance index of 0.823 (95% CI: 0.750–0.891) and integrated area under the curve of 0.816 (95% CI: 0.736–0.893). Patients with resected pancreatic cancer could be categorized according to their different metabolomes to predict early cancer recurrence. Preoperative detectable parameters, serum CA 19–9, PC.aa.C38_4, PC.ae.C42_5, and PC.ae.C38_6 were the most powerful predictors of early recurrence of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Yoon Rho
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Yonsei Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Guk Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minsu Park
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinae Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Lee
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ho Kyoung Hwang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Yonsei Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jung Lee
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center and ‡Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science and Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ki Paik
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center and ‡Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science and Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Lee
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Yonsei Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Moo Kang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Yonsei Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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32
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Wolrab D, Jirásko R, Chocholoušková M, Peterka O, Holčapek M. Oncolipidomics: Mass spectrometric quantitation of lipids in cancer research. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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33
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Wang W, Liu X, Wu J, Kang X, Xie Q, Sheng J, Xu W, Liu D, Zheng W. Plasma metabolite profiling reveals potential biomarkers of giant cell tumor of bone by using NMR-based metabolic profiles: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17445. [PMID: 31577769 PMCID: PMC6783185 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a locally aggressive bone tumor, which accounts for 4% to 5% of all primary bone tumors. At present, the early diagnosis and postoperative recurrence monitoring are still more difficult due to the lack of effective biomarkers in GCT. As an effective tool, metabolomics has played an essential role in the biomarkers research of many tumors. However, there has been no related study of the metabolomics of GCT up to now. The purpose of this study was to identify several key metabolites as potential biomarkers for GCT by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolic profiles.Patients with GCT in our hospital were recruited in this study and their plasma was collected as the research sample, and plasma collected from healthy subjects was considered as the control. NMR was then utilized to detect all samples. Furthermore, based on correlation coefficients, variable importance for the projection values and P values of metabolites obtained from multidimensional statistical analysis, the most critical metabolites were selected as potential biomarkers of GCT. Finally, relevant metabolic pathways involved in these potential biomarkers were determined by database retrieval, based on which the metabolic pathways were plotted.Finally, 28 GCT patients and 26 healthy volunteers agreed to participate in the study. In the multidimensional statistical analysis, all results showed that there was obvious difference between the GCT group and the control group. Ultimately, 18 metabolites with significant differences met the selection condition, which were identified as potential biomarkers. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Human Metabolome Database (HMD) database searching and literature review, these metabolites were found to be mainly correlated with glucose metabolism, fat metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and intestinal microbial metabolism. These metabolic disorders might, in turn, reflect important pathological processes such as proliferation and migration of tumor cells and immune escape in GCT.Our work showed that these potential biomarkers identified appeared to have early diagnostic and relapse monitoring values for GCT, which deserve to be further investigated. In addition, it also suggested that metabolomics profiling approach is a promising screening tool for the diagnosis and relapse monitoring of GCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu city, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Orthopedics
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Review and Comparison of Cancer Biomarker Trends in Urine as a Basis for New Diagnostic Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091244. [PMID: 31450698 PMCID: PMC6770126 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide and its already large burden is projected to increase significantly in the near future with a predicted 22 million new cancer cases and 13 million cancer-related deaths occurring annually by 2030. Unfortunately, current procedures for diagnosis are characterized by low diagnostic accuracies. Given the proved correlation between cancer presence and alterations of biological fluid composition, many researchers suggested their characterization to improve cancer detection at early stages. This paper reviews the information that can be found in the scientific literature, regarding the correlation of different cancer forms with the presence of specific metabolites in human urine, in a schematic and easily interpretable form, because of the huge amount of relevant literature. The originality of this paper relies on the attempt to point out the odor properties of such metabolites, and thus to highlight the correlation between urine odor alterations and cancer presence, which is proven by recent literature suggesting the analysis of urine odor for diagnostic purposes. This investigation aims to evaluate the possibility to compare the results of studies based on different approaches to be able in the future to identify those compounds responsible for urine odor alteration.
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35
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Fest J, Vijfhuizen LS, Goeman JJ, Veth O, Joensuu A, Perola M, Männistö S, Ness-Jensen E, Hveem K, Haller T, Tonisson N, Mikkel K, Metspalu A, van Duijn CM, Ikram A, Stricker BH, Ruiter R, van Eijck CHJ, van Ommen GJB, ʼt Hoen PAC. Search for Early Pancreatic Cancer Blood Biomarkers in Five European Prospective Population Biobanks Using Metabolomics. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1731-1742. [PMID: 31125048 PMCID: PMC6594461 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most patients with pancreatic cancer present with advanced disease and die within the first year after diagnosis. Predictive biomarkers that signal the presence of pancreatic cancer in an early stage are desperately needed. We aimed to identify new and validate previously found plasma metabolomic biomarkers associated with early stages of pancreatic cancer. Prediagnostic blood samples from individuals who were to receive a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer between 1 month and 17 years after sampling (N = 356) and age- and sex-matched controls (N = 887) were collected from five large population cohorts (HUNT2, HUNT3, FINRISK, Estonian Biobank, Rotterdam Study). We applied proton nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics on the Nightingale platform. Logistic regression identified two interesting hits: glutamine (P = 0.011) and histidine (P = 0.012), with Westfall-Young family-wise error rate adjusted P values of 0.43 for both. Stratification in quintiles showed a 1.5-fold elevated risk for the lowest 20% of glutamine and a 2.2-fold increased risk for the lowest 20% of histidine. Stratification by time to diagnosis suggested glutamine to be involved in an earlier process (2 to 5 years before diagnosis), and histidine in a process closer to the actual onset (<2 years). Our data did not support the branched-chain amino acids identified earlier in several US cohorts as potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. Thus, although we identified glutamine and histidine as potential biomarkers of biological interest, our results imply that a study at this scale does not yield metabolomic biomarkers with sufficient predictive value to be clinically useful per se as prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Fest
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisanne S Vijfhuizen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jelle J Goeman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Olga Veth
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anni Joensuu
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eivind Ness-Jensen
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Toomas Haller
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Neeme Tonisson
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kairit Mikkel
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rikje Ruiter
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Gert-Jan B van Ommen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter A C ʼt Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Correspondence: Peter A. C. ’t Hoen, PhD, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Route 260, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. E-mail:
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36
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Hsu JF, Tien CP, Shih CL, Liao PM, Wong HI, Liao PC. Using a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics strategy for comprehensively screening and identifying biomarkers of phthalate exposure: Method development and application. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 128:261-270. [PMID: 31063951 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP) is an alternative plasticizer that can replace other phthalates currently being scrutinized, and its use and production volumes are increasing. This study aimed to develop a high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based metabolomics strategy to comprehensively screen urinary biomarkers of DPHP exposure and filter out potentially useful DPHP exposure markers for human exposure assessments. This strategy included three stages: screening of biomarkers, verification of dose-response relationships in laboratory animals, and application in human subjects. The multivariate data analysis method known as orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to screen and find meaningful signals in an MS dataset generated from urine samples collected from DPHP-administered rats. Thirty-six MS signals were verified as exposure marker candidates by assessing dose-response relationships in an animal feeding study. A biotransformation product of DPHP, mono-(2-propyl-7-dihydroxy-heptyl) phthalate, was suggested as a DPHP exposure marker for general human exposure assessments after the human application study and chemical structure identification. Three previously oxidized DPHP biotransformation products might be suitable for human exposure assessments in high-level exposure groups but not in the general population due to their low sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fang Hsu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ping Tien
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Shih
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Mei Liao
- Department of Environmental Science and Property Management, Jinwen University of Science and Technology, 99, Anzhong Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23154, Taiwan.
| | - Hoi Ieng Wong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Chi Liao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
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Metabolomics Analysis in Serum from Patients with Colorectal Polyp and Colorectal Cancer by 1H-NMR Spectrometry. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:3491852. [PMID: 31089393 PMCID: PMC6476004 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3491852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Colorectal adenomatous polyps are at high risk for the development of CRC. In this report, we described the metabolic changes in the sera from patients with colorectal polyps and CRC by using the NMR-based metabolomics. 110 serum samples were collected from patients and healthy controls, including 40 CRC patients, 32 colorectal polyp patients, and 38 healthy controls. The metabolic profiles and differential metabolites of sera were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis (MSA), including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) methods. A total of 23 differential metabolites were identified from MSA. According to the pathway analysis and multivariate ROC curve-based exploratory analysis by using the relative concentrations of differential metabolites, we found abnormal metabolic pathways and potential biomarkers involved with the colorectal polyp and CRC. The results showed that the pyruvate metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism were activated in colorectal polyps. And the glycolysis and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism were activated in CRC. The changed metabolism may promote cellular proliferation. In addition, we found that the rates of acetate/glycerol and lactate/citrate could be the potential biomarkers in colorectal polyp and CRC, respectively. The application of 1H-NMR metabolomics analysis in serum has interesting potential as a new detection and diagnostic tool for early diagnosis of CRC.
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38
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Husi H, Fernandes M, Skipworth RJ, Miller J, Cronshaw AD, Fearon KCH, Ross JA. Identification of diagnostic upper gastrointestinal cancer tissue type-specific urinary biomarkers. Biomed Rep 2019; 10:165-174. [PMID: 30906545 PMCID: PMC6423495 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several potential urinary biomarkers exhibiting an association with upper gastrointestinal tumour growth have been previously identified, of which S100A6, S100A9, rabenosyn-5 and programmed cell death 6-interacting protein (PDCD6IP) were further validated and found to be upregulated in malignant tumours. The cancer cohort from our previous study was subclassified to assess whether distinct molecular markers can be identified for each individual cancer type using a similar approach. Urine samples from patients with cancers of the stomach, oesophagus, oesophagogastric junction or pancreas were analysed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry using both CM10 and IMAC30 (Cu2+-complexed) chip types and LC-MS/MS-based mass spectrometry after chromatographic enrichment. This was followed by protein identification, pattern matching and validation by western blotting. We found 8 m/z peaks with statistical significance for the four cancer types investigated, of which m/z 2447 and 2577 were identified by pattern matching as fragments of cathepsin-B (CTSB) and cystatin-B (CSTB); both molecules are indicative of pancreatic cancer. Additionally, we observed a potential association of upregulated α-1-antichymotrypsin with pancreatic and gastric cancers, of PDCD6IP, vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1 homolog (VMO1) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1) with oesophagogastric junctional cancers, and of complement C4-A, prostatic acid phosphatase, azurocidin and histone-H1 with oesophageal cancer. Furthermore, the potential pancreatic cancer biomarkers CSTB and CTSB were validated independently by western blotting. Therefore, the present study identified two new potential urinary biomarkers that appear to be associated with pancreatic cancer. This may provide a simple, non-invasive screening test for use in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Husi
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK.,BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.,School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Marco Fernandes
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Richard J Skipworth
- School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Janice Miller
- School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Andrew D Cronshaw
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Kenneth C H Fearon
- School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - James A Ross
- School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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39
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Jiao L, Maity S, Coarfa C, Rajapakshe K, Chen L, Jin F, Putluri V, Tinker LF, Mo Q, Chen F, Sen S, Sangi-Hyghpeykar H, El-Serag HB, Putluri N. A Prospective Targeted Serum Metabolomics Study of Pancreatic Cancer in Postmenopausal Women. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:237-246. [PMID: 30723176 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To examine the association between metabolic deregulation and pancreatic cancer, we conducted a two-stage case-control targeted metabolomics study using prediagnostic sera collected one year before diagnosis in the Women's Health Initiative study. We used the LC/MS to quantitate 470 metabolites in 30 matched case/control pairs. From 180 detectable metabolites, we selected 14 metabolites to be validated in additional 18 matched case/control pairs. We used the paired t test to compare the concentrations of each metabolite between cases and controls and used the log fold change (FC) to indicate the magnitude of difference. FDR adjusted q-value < 0.25 was indicated statistically significant. Logistic regression model and ROC curve analysis were used to evaluate the clinical utility of the metabolites. Among 30 case/control pairs, 1-methyl-l-tryptophan (L-1MT) was significantly lower in the cases than in the controls (log2 FC = -0.35; q-value = 0.03). The area under the ROC curve was 0.83 in the discrimination analysis based on the levels of L-1MT, acadesine, and aspartic acid. None of the metabolites was validated in additional independent 18 case/control pairs. No significant association was found between the examined metabolites and undiagnosed pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiao
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas.,Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Suman Maity
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Liang Chen
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Feng Jin
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Fengju Chen
- Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Subrata Sen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Hashem B El-Serag
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas.,Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Medical Center Digestive Disease Center, Houston, Texas
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40
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Abstract
Recently, metabolomics-the study of metabolite profiles within biological samples-has found a wide range of applications. This chapter describes the different techniques available for metabolomic analysis, the various samples that can be utilised for analysis and applications of both global and targeted metabolomic analysis to biomarker discovery in medicine.
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41
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Luo H, Gu C, Liu C, Wang Y, Wang H, Li Y. Plasma metabolic profiling analysis of Strychnos nux-vomica Linn. and Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F-induced renal toxicity using metabolomics coupled with UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1153-1163. [PMID: 30510685 PMCID: PMC6220728 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00115d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Strychnos nux-vomica Linn. (SNV) and Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) have received extensive attention due to their excellent clinical efficacies. However, clinical applications of SNV and TwHF have been limited by their narrow therapeutic windows and severe kidney toxicities. In this paper, based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS), endogenous metabolites after administration of SNV and TwHF extracts were detected, and biomarkers were screened successfully. Additionally, the levels of Cr and BUN in serum and pathological findings of kidneys were detected and observed. Finally, both biochemical and pathological tests of the SNV group and TwHF group indicated that kidney damage had occurred. After comparison with the normal saline group, 15 nephrotoxic biomarkers were selected from the SNV group, and 17 nephrotoxic biomarkers were selected from the TwHF group. The experimental results showed that there are some differences in the mechanisms of nephrotoxicity induced by SNV and TwHF, which are significant for revealing the mechanisms of renal injury of different medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houmin Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 312 Anshan West Road , Nankai District , Tianjin 300193 , China . ;
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , No. 88 , Yuquan Road , Nankai District , Tianjin 300193 , China
| | - Caiyun Gu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 312 Anshan West Road , Nankai District , Tianjin 300193 , China . ;
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , No. 88 , Yuquan Road , Nankai District , Tianjin 300193 , China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 312 Anshan West Road , Nankai District , Tianjin 300193 , China . ;
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , No. 88 , Yuquan Road , Nankai District , Tianjin 300193 , China
| | - Yuming Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 312 Anshan West Road , Nankai District , Tianjin 300193 , China . ;
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , No. 88 , Yuquan Road , Nankai District , Tianjin 300193 , China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 312 Anshan West Road , Nankai District , Tianjin 300193 , China . ;
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , No. 88 , Yuquan Road , Nankai District , Tianjin 300193 , China
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 312 Anshan West Road , Nankai District , Tianjin 300193 , China . ;
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , No. 88 , Yuquan Road , Nankai District , Tianjin 300193 , China
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42
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Xu H, Li X, Zheng X, Xia Y, Fu Y, Li X, Qian Y, Zou J, Zhao A, Guan J, Gu M, Yi H, Jia W, Yin S. Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea is Associated With Changes in the Oral Microbiome and Urinary Metabolomics Profile: A Pilot Study. J Clin Sleep Med 2018; 14:1559-1567. [PMID: 30176961 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Several cross-sectional studies have reported associations between oral diseases and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, there have been no reports regarding the structure and composition of the oral microbiota with simultaneous evaluation of potential associations with perturbed metabolic profiles in pediatric OSA. METHODS An integrated approach, combining metagenomics based on high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was used to evaluate the oral microbiome and the urinary metabolome. RESULTS 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the oral microbiome composition was significantly perturbed in pediatric OSA compared with normal controls, especially with regard to Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Moreover, metabolomics profiling indicated that 57 metabolites, 5 of which were metabolites related to the microflora of the digestive tract, were differentially present in the urine of pediatric patients with OSA and controls. Co-inertia and correlation analyses revealed that several oral microbiome changes were correlated with urinary metabolite perturbations in pediatric OSA. However, this correlation relationship does not imply causality. CONCLUSIONS High-throughput sequencing revealed that the oral microbiome composition and function were significantly altered in pediatric OSA. Further studies are needed to confirm and determine the mechanisms underlying these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyan Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjun Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyin Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meizhen Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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43
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Long NP, Yoon SJ, Anh NH, Nghi TD, Lim DK, Hong YJ, Hong SS, Kwon SW. A systematic review on metabolomics-based diagnostic biomarker discovery and validation in pancreatic cancer. Metabolomics 2018; 14:109. [PMID: 30830397 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolomics is an emerging approach for early detection of cancer. Along with the development of metabolomics, high-throughput technologies and statistical learning, the integration of multiple biomarkers has significantly improved clinical diagnosis and management for patients. OBJECTIVES In this study, we conducted a systematic review to examine recent advancements in the oncometabolomics-based diagnostic biomarker discovery and validation in pancreatic cancer. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies published before September 2017. We examined the study designs, the metabolomics approaches, and the reporting methodological quality following PRISMA statement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The included 25 studies primarily focused on the identification rather than the validation of predictive capacity of potential biomarkers. The sample size ranged from 10 to 8760. External validation of the biomarker panels was observed in nine studies. The diagnostic area under the curve ranged from 0.68 to 1.00 (sensitivity: 0.43-1.00, specificity: 0.73-1.00). The effects of patients' bio-parameters on metabolome alterations in a context-dependent manner have not been thoroughly elucidated. The most reported candidates were glutamic acid and histidine in seven studies, and glutamine and isoleucine in five studies, leading to the predominant enrichment of amino acid-related pathways. Notably, 46 metabolites were estimated in at least two studies. Specific challenges and potential pitfalls to provide better insights into future research directions were thoroughly discussed. Our investigation suggests that metabolomics is a robust approach that will improve the diagnostic assessment of pancreatic cancer. Further studies are warranted to validate their validity in multi-clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Tran Diem Nghi
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dong Kyu Lim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Hong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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44
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He X, Zhong J, Wang S, Zhou Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yuan Y. Serum metabolomics differentiating pancreatic cancer from new-onset diabetes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29116-29124. [PMID: 28418859 PMCID: PMC5438717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To establish a screening strategy for pancreatic cancer (PC) based on new-onset diabetic mellitus (NO-DM), serum metabolomics analysis and a search for the metabolic pathways associated with PC related DM were performed. Serum samples from patients with NO-DM (n = 30) and patients with pancreatic cancer and NO-DM were examined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed using principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures (OPLS) of the most significant metabolites. The diagnostic model was constructed using logistic regression analysis. Metabolic pathways were analyzed using the web-based tool MetPA. PC patients with NO-DM were older and had a lower BMI and shorter duration of DM than those with NO-DM. The metabolomic profiles of patients with PC and NO-DM were significantly different from those of patients with NO-DM in the PCA and OPLS models. Sixty two differential metabolites were identified by the OPLS model. The logistic regression model using a panel of two metabolites including N_Succinyl_L_diaminopimelic_acid and PE (18:2) had high sensitivity (93.3%) and specificity (93.1%) for PC. The top three metabolic pathways associated with PC related DM were valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and sphingolipid metabolism. In conclusion, screening for PC based on NO-DM using serum metabolomics in combination with clinic characteristics and CA19-9 is a potential useful strategy. Several metabolic pathways differed between PC related DM and type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufen Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaozong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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45
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Zeng FJ, Ji HC, Zhang Z, Luo JK, Lu HM, Wang Y. Metabolic profiling putatively identifies plasma biomarkers of male infertility using UPLC-ESI-IT-TOFMS. RSC Adv 2018; 8:25974-25982. [PMID: 35541937 PMCID: PMC9082778 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Male infertility has become a global health problem. Currently, the diagnosis of male infertility depends on the results of semen quality or requires invasive surgical intervention. The process is complex and time-consuming. Metabolomics is an emerging platform with unique advantages in disease diagnosis and pathological mechanism research. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-IT-TOFMS) combined with chemometrics methods was used to discover potential biomarkers of male infertility based on non-targeted plasma metabolomics. Plasma samples from healthy controls (HC, n = 43) and various types of infertile patients, i.e., patients having oligozoospermia (OS, n = 36), asthenospermia (AS, n = 56) and erectile dysfunction (ED, n = 45) were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-IT-TOFMS. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed. The results of OPLS-DA showed that HCs could be discriminated from infertile patients including OS (R2 = 0.903, Q2 = 0.617, AUC = 0.992), AS (R2 = 0.985, Q2 = 0.658, AUC = 0.999) or ED (R2 = 0.942, Q2 = 0.500, AUC = 0.998). Some potential biomarkers were successfully discovered by variable selection methods and variable important in the projection (VIP) in combination with the T-test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05; the Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate was used to reduce type 1 errors resulting from multiple comparisons. The identified biomarkers were associated with energy consumption, hormone regulation and antioxidant defenses in spermatogenesis. To elucidate the pathophysiology of male infertility, relative metabolic pathways were studied. It was found that male infertility is closely related to disturbed phospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis metabolism, metabolism of fatty acids and products of carnitine acylation, and purine and pyrimidine metabolisms. Plasma metabolomics provides a novel strategy for the diagnosis of male infertility and offers a new insight to study pathogenesis mechanism. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics methods was used to discover potential biomarkers of male infertility based on untargeted plasma metabolomics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- F. J. Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - H. C. Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Z. M. Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - J. K. Luo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
- Male Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
- Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
| | - H. M. Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
- Male Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
- Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
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46
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Liljedahl L, Norlin J, McGuire JN, James P. Effects of insulin and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide on the kidney proteome in db/db mice. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/6/e13187. [PMID: 28330952 PMCID: PMC5371560 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide disease that affects 9% of the adult world population and type 2 DM accounts for 90% of those. A common consequence of DM is kidney complications, which could lead to kidney failure. We studied the potential effects of treatment with insulin and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide on the diabetic kidney proteome through the use of the db/db mouse model system and mass spectrometry (MS). Multivariate analyses revealed distinct effects of insulin and liraglutide on the db/db kidney proteome, which was seen on the protein levels of, for example, pterin-4 α-carbinolamine dehydratase/dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (PCBD1), neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated-8 (NEDD8), transcription elongation factor-B polypeptide-1 (ELOC) and hepcidin (HEPC). Furthermore, the separation of the insulin, liraglutide and vehicle db/db mouse groups in multivariate analyses was not mainly related to the albumin excretion rate (AER) or the level of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c%) in the mice. In summary, we show that insulin and liraglutide give rise to separate protein profiles in the db/db mouse kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Liljedahl
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Peter James
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Roux C, Riganti C, Borgogno SF, Curto R, Curcio C, Catanzaro V, Digilio G, Padovan S, Puccinelli MP, Isabello M, Aime S, Cappello P, Novelli F. Endogenous glutamine decrease is associated with pancreatic cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95361-95376. [PMID: 29221133 PMCID: PMC5707027 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is becoming the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. The mortality is very high, which emphasizes the need to identify biomarkers for early detection. As glutamine metabolism alteration is a feature of PDAC, its in vivo evaluation may provide a useful tool for biomarker identification. Our aim was to identify a handy method to evaluate blood glutamine consumption in mouse models of PDAC. We quantified the in vitro glutamine uptake by Mass Spectrometry (MS) in tumor cell supernatants and showed that it was higher in PDAC compared to non-PDAC tumor and pancreatic control human cells. The increased glutamine uptake was paralleled by higher activity of most glutamine pathway-related enzymes supporting nucleotide and ATP production. Free glutamine blood levels were evaluated in orthotopic and spontaneous mouse models of PDAC and other pancreatic-related disorders by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and/or MS. Notably we observed a reduction of blood glutamine as much as the tumor progressed from pancreatic intraepithelial lesions to invasive PDAC, but was not related to chronic pancreatitis-associated inflammation or diabetes. In parallel the increased levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) were observed. By contrast blood glutamine levels were stable in non-tumor bearing mice. These findings demonstrated that glutamine uptake is measurable both in vitro and in vivo. The higher in vitro avidity of PDAC cells corresponded to a lower blood glutamine level as soon as the tumor mass grew. The reduction in circulating glutamine represents a novel tool exploitable to implement other diagnostic or prognostic PDAC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Roux
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sammy Ferri Borgogno
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Curto
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Curcio
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Catanzaro
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Digilio
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Sergio Padovan
- Institute for Biostructures and Bioimages (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Puccinelli
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Isabello
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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48
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Gao X, Ke C, Liu H, Liu W, Li K, Yu B, Sun M. Large-scale Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Early Stage Coronary Atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11817. [PMID: 28924163 PMCID: PMC5603568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis (CAS) is the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease, which is a prevalent and chronic life-threatening disease. Initially, this disease is not always detected until a patient presents with seriously vascular occlusion. Therefore, new biomarkers for appropriate and timely diagnosis of early CAS is needed for screening to initiate therapy on time. In this study, we used an untargeted metabolomics approach to identify potential biomarkers that could enable highly sensitive and specific CAS detection. Score plots from partial least-squares discriminant analysis clearly separated early-stage CAS patients from controls. Meanwhile, the levels of 24 metabolites increased greatly and those of 18 metabolites decreased markedly in early CAS patients compared with the controls, which suggested significant metabolic dysfunction in phospholipid, sphingolipid, and fatty acid metabolism in the patients. Furthermore, binary logistic regression showed that nine metabolites could be used as a combinatorial biomarker to distinguish early-stage CAS patients from controls. The panel of nine metabolites was then tested with an independent cohort of samples, which also yielded satisfactory diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.890). In conclusion, our findings provide insight into the pathological mechanism of early-stage CAS and also supply a combinatorial biomarker to aid clinical diagnosis of early-stage CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Chaofu Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China.
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China.
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49
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Mehta KY, Wu HJ, Menon SS, Fallah Y, Zhong X, Rizk N, Unger K, Mapstone M, Fiandaca MS, Federoff HJ, Cheema AK. Metabolomic biomarkers of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis study. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68899-68915. [PMID: 28978166 PMCID: PMC5620306 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive disease with high mortality rates, however, there is no blood test for early detection and diagnosis of this disease. Several research groups have reported on metabolomics based clinical investigations to identify biomarkers of PC, however there is a lack of a centralized metabolite biomarker repository that can be used for meta-analysis and biomarker validation. Furthermore, since the incidence of PC is associated with metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there is a need to uncouple these common metabolic dysregulations that may otherwise diminish the clinical utility of metabolomic biosignatures. Here, we attempted to externally replicate proposed metabolite biomarkers of PC reported by several other groups in an independent group of PC subjects. Our study design included a T2DM cohort that was used as a non-cancer control and a separate cohort diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC), as a cancer disease control to eliminate possible generic biomarkers of cancer. We used targeted mass spectrometry for quantitation of literature-curated metabolite markers and identified a biomarker panel that discriminates between normal controls (NC) and PC patients with high accuracy. Further evaluation of our model with CRC, however, showed a drop in specificity for the PC biomarker panel. Taken together, our study underscores the need for a more robust study design for cancer biomarker studies so as to maximize the translational value and clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyati Y Mehta
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Hung-Jen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Smrithi S Menon
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yassi Fallah
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- Department of Biostatistics Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Nasser Rizk
- Department of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Keith Unger
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Med-Star Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Massimo S Fiandaca
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Howard J Federoff
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
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50
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Serum Metabolomic Profiles for Human Pancreatic Cancer Discrimination. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040767. [PMID: 28375170 PMCID: PMC5412351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the clinical use of serum metabolomics to discriminate malignant cancers including pancreatic cancer (PC) from malignant diseases, such as biliary tract cancer (BTC), intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC), and various benign pancreaticobiliary diseases. Capillary electrophoresis−mass spectrometry was used to analyze charged metabolites. We repeatedly analyzed serum samples (n = 41) of different storage durations to identify metabolites showing high quantitative reproducibility, and subsequently analyzed all samples (n = 140). Overall, 189 metabolites were quantified and 66 metabolites had a 20% coefficient of variation and, of these, 24 metabolites showed significant differences among control, benign, and malignant groups (p < 0.05; Steel–Dwass test). Four multiple logistic regression models (MLR) were developed and one MLR model clearly discriminated all disease patients from healthy controls with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.970 (95% confidential interval (CI), 0.946–0.994, p < 0.0001). Another model to discriminate PC from BTC and IPMC yielded AUC = 0.831 (95% CI, 0.650–1.01, p = 0.0020) with higher accuracy compared with tumor markers including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), pancreatic cancer-associated antigen (DUPAN2) and s-pancreas-1 antigen (SPAN1). Changes in metabolomic profiles might be used to screen for malignant cancers as well as to differentiate between PC and other malignant diseases.
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