1
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Ding Z, Kloss JM, Tuncali S, Tran NL, Loftus JC. TROY signals through JAK1-STAT3 to promote glioblastoma cell migration and resistance. Neoplasia 2020; 22:352-364. [PMID: 32629176 PMCID: PMC7338993 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and carries a discouraging prognosis. Its aggressive and highly infiltrative nature renders the current standard treatment of maximal surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy relatively ineffective. Identifying the signaling pathways that regulate GBM migration/invasion and resistance is required to develop more effective therapeutic regimens to treat GBM. Expression of TROY, an orphan receptor of the TNF receptor superfamily, increases with glial tumor grade, inversely correlates with patient overall survival, stimulates GBM cell invasion in vitro and in vivo, and increases resistance to temozolomide and radiation therapy. Conversely, silencing TROY expression inhibits GBM cell invasion, increases sensitivity to temozolomide, and prolongs survival in a preclinical intracranial xenograft model. Here, we have identified for the first time that TROY interacts with JAK1. Increased TROY expression increases JAK1 phosphorylation. In addition, increased TROY expression promotes STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 transcriptional activity that is dependent upon JAK1. TROY-mediated activation of STAT3 is independent of its ability to stimulate activity of NF-κB. Inhibition of JAK1 activity by ruxolitinib or knockdown of JAK1 expression by siRNA significantly inhibits TROY-induced STAT3 activation, GBM cell migration, and decreases resistance to temozolomide. Taken together, our data indicate that the TROY signaling complex may represent a potential therapeutic target with the distinctive capacity to exert effects on multiple pathways mediating GBM cell invasion and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghui Ding
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States
| | - Jean M Kloss
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States
| | - Serdar Tuncali
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States.
| | - Joseph C Loftus
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States.
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2
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Rutkowska A, Stoczyńska-Fidelus E, Janik K, Włodarczyk A, Rieske P. EGFR vIII: An Oncogene with Ambiguous Role. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:1092587. [PMID: 32089685 PMCID: PMC7024087 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1092587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) seems to constitute the perfect therapeutic target for glioblastoma (GB), as it is specifically present on up to 28-30% of GB cells. In case of other tumor types, expression and possible role of this oncogene still remain controversial. In spite of EGFRvIII mechanism of action being crucial for the design of small active anticancer molecules and immunotherapies, i.e., CAR-T technology, it is yet to be precisely defined. EGFRvIII is known to be resistant to degradation, but it is still unclear whether it heterodimerizes with EGF-activated wild-type EGFR (EGFRWT) or homodimerizes (including covalent homodimerization). Constitutive kinase activity of this mutated receptor is relatively low, and some researchers even claim that a nuclear, but not a membrane function, is crucial for its activity. Based on the analyses of recurrent tumors that are often lacking EGFRvIII expression despite its initial presence in corresponding primary foci, this oncogene is suggested to play a marginal role during later stages of carcinogenesis, while even in primary tumors EGFRvIII expression is detected only in a small percentage of tumor cells, undermining the rationality of EGFRvIII-targeting therapies. On the other hand, EGFRvIII-positive cells are resistant to apoptosis, more invasive, and characterized with enhanced proliferation rate. Moreover, expression of this oncogenic receptor was also postulated to be a marker of cancer stem cells. Opinions regarding the role that EGFRvIII plays in tumorigenesis and for tumor aggressiveness are clearly contradictory and, therefore, it is crucial not only to determine its mechanism of action, but also to unambiguously define its role at early and advanced cancer stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Rutkowska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stoczyńska-Fidelus
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Personather Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Janik
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Włodarczyk
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Personather Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
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3
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Yavas S, Macháň R, Wohland T. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Forms Location-Dependent Complexes in Resting Cells. Biophys J 2017; 111:2241-2254. [PMID: 27851946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a prototypical receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell growth and proliferation and associated with various cancers. It is commonly assumed that after activation by binding of epidermal growth factor to the extracellular domain it dimerizes, followed by autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues at the intracellular domain. However, its oligomerization state before activation is controversial. In the absence of ligands, EGFR has been found in various, inconsistent amounts of monomeric, inactive dimeric, and oligomeric forms. In addition, evidence suggests that the active conformation is not a simple dimer but contains higher oligomers. As experiments in the past have been conducted at different conditions, we investigate here the influence of cell lines (HEK293, COS-7, and CHO-K1), temperature (room temperature and 37°C), and membrane localization on the quantitation of preformed dimers using SW-FCCS, DC-FCCS, quasi PIE-FCCS, and imaging FCCS. While measurement modality, temperature, and localization on upper or lower membranes have only a limited influence on the dimerization amount observed, the cell line and location to periphery versus center of the cell can change dimerization results significantly. The observed dimerization amount is strongly dependent on the expression level of endogenous EGFR in a cell line and shows a strong cell-to-cell variability even within the same cell line. In addition, using imaging FCCS, we find that dimers have a tendency to be found at the periphery of cells compared to central positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Yavas
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radek Macháň
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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4
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Activation of the EGF Receptor by Ligand Binding and Oncogenic Mutations: The "Rotation Model". Cells 2017; 6:cells6020013. [PMID: 28574446 PMCID: PMC5492017 DOI: 10.3390/cells6020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays vital roles in cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, motility, and differentiation. The dysregulated activation of the receptor is often implicated in human cancers. EGFR is synthesized as a single-pass transmembrane protein, which consists of an extracellular ligand-binding domain and an intracellular kinase domain separated by a single transmembrane domain. The receptor is activated by a variety of polypeptide ligands such as epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor α. It has long been thought that EGFR is activated by ligand-induced dimerization of the receptor monomer, which brings intracellular kinase domains into close proximity for trans-autophosphorylation. An increasing number of diverse studies, however, demonstrate that EGFR is present as a pre-formed, yet inactive, dimer prior to ligand binding. Furthermore, recent progress in structural studies has provided insight into conformational changes during the activation of a pre-formed EGFR dimer. Upon ligand binding to the extracellular domain of EGFR, its transmembrane domains rotate or twist parallel to the plane of the cell membrane, resulting in the reorientation of the intracellular kinase domain dimer from a symmetric inactive configuration to an asymmetric active form (the “rotation model”). This model is also able to explain how oncogenic mutations activate the receptor in the absence of the ligand, without assuming that the mutations induce receptor dimerization. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the ligand-induced activation of the preformed EGFR dimer, as well as how oncogenic mutations constitutively activate the receptor dimer, based on the rotation model.
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5
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Oshiumi H, Miyashita M, Okamoto M, Morioka Y, Okabe M, Matsumoto M, Seya T. DDX60 Is Involved in RIG-I-Dependent and Independent Antiviral Responses, and Its Function Is Attenuated by Virus-Induced EGFR Activation. Cell Rep 2015; 11:1193-207. [PMID: 25981042 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RIG-I-mediated type I interferon (IFN) production and nuclease-mediated viral RNA degradation are essential for antiviral innate immune responses. DDX60 is an IFN-inducible cytoplasmic helicase. Here, we report that DDX60 is a sentinel for both RIG-I activation and viral RNA degradation. We show that DDX60 is an upstream factor of RIG-I that activates RIG-I signaling in a ligand-specific manner. DDX60 knockout attenuates RIG-I signaling and significantly reduces virus-induced type I IFN production in vivo. In addition, we show that DDX60 is involved in RIG-I-independent viral RNA degradation. DDX60 and RIG-I adaptor MAVS double-knockout mice reveal a role for DDX60-dependent RNA degradation in antiviral responses. Several viruses induced DDX60 phosphorylation via epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), leading to attenuation of the DDX60 antiviral activities. Our results define DDX60 as a sentinel for cytoplasmic antiviral response, which is counteracted by virus-mediated EGF receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Oshiumi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Moeko Miyashita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0246, Japan
| | - Masaaki Okamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuka Morioka
- Research Center for Infection-Associated Cancer, Division of Disease Model Innovation, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masaru Okabe
- Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Misako Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Seya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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6
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Milkereit R, Persaud A, Vanoaica L, Guetg A, Verrey F, Rotin D. LAPTM4b recruits the LAT1-4F2hc Leu transporter to lysosomes and promotes mTORC1 activation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7250. [PMID: 25998567 PMCID: PMC4455107 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin 1 (mTORC1), a master regulator of cellular growth, is activated downstream of growth factors, energy signalling and intracellular essential amino acids (EAAs) such as Leu. mTORC1 activation occurs at the lysosomal membrane, and involves V-ATPase stimulation by intra-lysosomal EAA (inside-out activation), leading to activation of the Ragulator, RagA/B-GTP and mTORC1 via Rheb-GTP. How Leu enters the lysosomes is unknown. Here we identified the lysosomal protein LAPTM4b as a binding partner for the Leu transporter, LAT1-4F2hc (SLC7A5-SLAC3A2). We show that LAPTM4b recruits LAT1-4F2hc to lysosomes, leading to uptake of Leu into lysosomes, and is required for mTORC1 activation via V-ATPase following EAA or Leu stimulation. These results demonstrate a functional Leu transporter at the lysosome, and help explain the inside-out lysosomal activation of mTORC1 by Leu/EAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Milkereit
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Avinash Persaud
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Liviu Vanoaica
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP) and NCCR Kidney, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Guetg
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP) and NCCR Kidney, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Francois Verrey
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP) and NCCR Kidney, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Rotin
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
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7
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Tong J, Taylor P, Moran MF. Proteomic analysis of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) interactome and post-translational modifications associated with receptor endocytosis in response to EGF and stress. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:1644-58. [PMID: 24797263 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.038596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression, activation, and stabilization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are causally associated with several human cancers. Post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions directly modulate the signaling and trafficking of the EGFR. Activated EGFR is internalized by endocytosis and then either recycled back to the cell surface or degraded in the lysosome. EGFR internalization and recycling also occur in response to stresses that activate p38 MAP kinase. Mass spectrometry was applied to comprehensively analyze the phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and protein-protein interactions of wild type and endocytosis-defective EGFR variants before and after internalization in response to EGF ligand and stress. Prior to internalization, EGF-stimulated EGFR accumulated ubiquitin at 7 K residues and phosphorylation at 7 Y sites and at S(1104). Following internalization, these modifications diminished and there was an accumulation of S/T phosphorylations. EGFR internalization and many but not all of the EGF-induced S/T phosphorylations were also stimulated by anisomycin-induced cell stress, which was not associated with receptor ubiquitination or elevated Y phosphorylation. EGFR protein interactions were dramatically modulated by ligand, internalization, and stress. In response to EGF, different E3 ubiquitin ligases became maximally associated with EGFR before (CBL, HUWE1, and UBR4) or after (ITCH) internalization, whereas CBLB was distinctively most highly EGFR associated following anisomycin treatment. Adaptin subunits of AP-1 and AP-2 clathrin adaptor complexes also became EGFR associated in response to EGF and anisomycin stress. Mutations preventing EGFR phosphorylation at Y(998) or in the S(1039) region abolished or greatly reduced EGFR interactions with AP-2 and AP-1, and impaired receptor trafficking. These results provide new insight into spatial, temporal, and mechanistic aspects of EGFR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefei Tong
- From the ‡The Hospital For Sick Children, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto. Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Paul Taylor
- From the ‡The Hospital For Sick Children, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto. Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Michael F Moran
- From the ‡The Hospital For Sick Children, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto. Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada
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8
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Wills MKB, Tong J, Tremblay SL, Moran MF, Jones N. The ShcD signaling adaptor facilitates ligand-independent phosphorylation of the EGF receptor. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:739-52. [PMID: 24430869 PMCID: PMC3952845 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-08-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proto-oncogenic Src homology and collagen (Shc) proteins have been considered archetypal adaptors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling. We report that in addition to its role as an EGFR-binding partner and Grb2 platform, ShcD acts noncanonically to promote phosphorylation of select EGFR residues. Unexpectedly, Y1068, Y1148, and Y1173 are subject to ShcD-induced, cell-autonomous hyperphosphorylation in the absence of external stimuli. This response is not elicited by other Shc proteins and requires the intrinsic EGFR kinase, as well as the ShcD phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain. Assessments of Erk, Akt, phospholipase C 1γ, and FAK pathways reveal no apparent distal signaling targets of ShcD. Nevertheless, the capacity of cultured cells to repopulate a wounded monolayer is markedly accelerated by ShcD in an EGFR kinase-dependent manner. Furthermore, detection of overexpressed ShcD coincident with EGFR phosphorylation in human gliomas suggests a clinical application for these findings. We thus demonstrate unique and relevant synergy between ShcD and EGFR that is unprecedented among signaling adaptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie K. B. Wills
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jiefei Tong
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sylvie L. Tremblay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michael F. Moran
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada
| | - Nina Jones
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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9
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Marumo A, Kumazawa T, Lee XP, Hasegawa C, Sato K. SPIN TIP SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION AND HILIC-MS-MS FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF METHAMPHETAMINE AND AMPHETAMINE IN HUMAN PLASMA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.745145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Marumo
- a Department of Legal Medicine , Showa University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takeshi Kumazawa
- a Department of Legal Medicine , Showa University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Xiao-Pen Lee
- a Department of Legal Medicine , Showa University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Chika Hasegawa
- b Department of Legal Medicine , Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Keizo Sato
- a Department of Legal Medicine , Showa University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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10
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Odin (ANKS1A) modulates EGF receptor recycling and stability. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64817. [PMID: 23825523 PMCID: PMC3692516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ANKS1A gene product, also known as Odin, was first identified as a tyrosine-phosphorylated component of the epidermal growth factor receptor network. Here we show that Odin functions as an effector of EGFR recycling. In EGF-stimulated HEK293 cells tyrosine phosphorylation of Odin was induced prior to EGFR internalization and independent of EGFR-to-ERK signaling. Over-expression of Odin increased EGF-induced EGFR trafficking to recycling endosomes and recycling back to the cell surface, and decreased trafficking to lysosomes and degradation. Conversely, Odin knockdown in both HEK293 and the non-small cell lung carcinoma line RVH6849, which expresses roughly 10-fold more EGF receptors than HEK293, caused decreased EGFR recycling and accelerated trafficking to the lysosome and degradation. By governing the endocytic fate of internalized receptors, Odin may provide a layer of regulation that enables cells to contend with receptor cell densities and ligand concentration gradients that are physiologically and pathologically highly variable.
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11
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Smith CJ, Berry DM, McGlade CJ. The E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF126 and Rabring7 regulate endosomal sorting of the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:1366-80. [PMID: 23418353 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) results in internalization and ubiquitin-dependent endosomal sorting, leading to lysosomal degradation. Here we describe the role of the RING-finger-domain-containing protein RNF126 and the related protein, Rabring7 in EGFR endosomal sorting. We demonstrate that RNF126 specifies K48-linked chains with UbcH5b and also functions with Ubc13/Uev1a to form K63-linked chains in vitro. RNF126 and Rabring7 associate with the EGFR through a ubiquitin-binding zinc finger domain and both E3 ubiquitin ligases promote ubiquitylation of EGFR. In the absence of c-Cbl or in cells expressing Cbl-70Z, the binding of RNF126 and Rabring7 to the EGFR is reduced, suggesting that RNF126 and Rabring7 function downstream of c-Cbl. In HeLa cells depleted of either RNF126 or Rabring7 the EGFR is retained in a late endocytic compartment and is inefficiently degraded. In addition, depletion of RNF126 or Rabring7 destabilizes ESCRT-II and reduces the number of multivesicular bodies formed after EGF stimulation. We also show that the depletion of Rabring7 attenuates the degradation of MET and that both RNF126 and Rabring7 regulate the sorting of CXCR4 from an early endocytic compartment. Together these data suggest that RNF126 and Rabring7 play a role in the ubiquitin-dependent sorting and downregulation of membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Smith
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
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12
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Ernst A, Avvakumov G, Tong J, Fan Y, Zhao Y, Alberts P, Persaud A, Walker JR, Neculai AM, Neculai D, Vorobyov A, Garg P, Beatty L, Chan PK, Juang YC, Landry MC, Yeh C, Zeqiraj E, Karamboulas K, Allali-Hassani A, Vedadi M, Tyers M, Moffat J, Sicheri F, Pelletier L, Durocher D, Raught B, Rotin D, Yang J, Moran MF, Dhe-Paganon S, Sidhu SS. A strategy for modulation of enzymes in the ubiquitin system. Science 2013; 339:590-5. [PMID: 23287719 PMCID: PMC3815447 DOI: 10.1126/science.1230161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin system regulates virtually all aspects of cellular function. We report a method to target the myriad enzymes that govern ubiquitination of protein substrates. We used massively diverse combinatorial libraries of ubiquitin variants to develop inhibitors of four deubiquitinases (DUBs) and analyzed the DUB-inhibitor complexes with crystallography. We extended the selection strategy to the ubiquitin conjugating (E2) and ubiquitin ligase (E3) enzymes and found that ubiquitin variants can also enhance enzyme activity. Last, we showed that ubiquitin variants can bind selectively to ubiquitin-binding domains. Ubiquitin variants exhibit selective function in cells and thus enable orthogonal modulation of specific enzymatic steps in the ubiquitin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ernst
- Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - George Avvakumov
- Structural Genomics Consortium, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jiefei Tong
- Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yihui Fan
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Philipp Alberts
- Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Avinash Persaud
- Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E1, Canada
| | - John R Walker
- Structural Genomics Consortium, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ana-Mirela Neculai
- Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Dante Neculai
- Structural Genomics Consortium, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Andrew Vorobyov
- Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Pankaj Garg
- Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Linda Beatty
- Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Pak-Kei Chan
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Yu-Chi Juang
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Landry
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Christina Yeh
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Elton Zeqiraj
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Konstantina Karamboulas
- Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Abdellah Allali-Hassani
- Structural Genomics Consortium, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mike Tyers
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute and McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Frank Sicheri
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Laurence Pelletier
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Daniel Durocher
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Ontario Cancer Institute and McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Daniela Rotin
- Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael F Moran
- Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Structural Genomics Consortium, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute and McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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13
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Weeks A, Okolowsky N, Golbourn B, Ivanchuk S, Smith C, Rutka JT. ECT2 and RASAL2 mediate mesenchymal-amoeboid transition in human astrocytoma cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:662-74. [PMID: 22683310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Malignant astrocytomas are highly invasive brain tumors. The Rho family of cytoskeletal GTPases are key regulators of astrocytoma migration and invasion; expression of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ECT2 is elevated in primary astrocytomas and predicts both survival and malignancy. Mice bearing orthotopically implanted astrocytoma cells with diminished ECT2 levels following ECT2 knockdown exhibit longer survival. Although ECT2 is normally expressed in the nucleus, we show that ECT2 is aberrantly localized to the cytoplasm in both astrocytoma cell lines and primary human astrocytomas, and colocalizes with RAC1 and CDC42 at the leading edge of migrating astrocytoma cells. Inhibition of ECT2 expression by RNA interference resulted in decreased RAC1 and CDC42 activity, but no change in RHO activity, suggesting that ECT2 is capable of activating these pro-migratory Rho family members. ECT2 overexpression in astrocytoma cells resulted in a transition to an amoeboid phenotype that was abolished with the ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632. Cytoplasmic fractionation of astrocytoma cells followed by ECT2 immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to identify protein-binding partners that modulate the activity of ECT2 toward RAC1 and RHO/ROCK. We identified RASAL2 as an ECT2-interacting protein that regulates RHO activity in astrocytoma cells. RASAL2 knockdown leads to a conversion to an amoeboid phenotype. Our studies reveal that ECT2 has a novel role in mesenchymal-amoeboid transition in human astrocytoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Weeks
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Liu N, Matsumoto M, Kitagawa K, Kotake Y, Suzuki S, Shirasawa S, Nakayama KI, Nakanishi M, Niida H, Kitagawa M. Chk1 phosphorylates the tumour suppressor Mig-6, regulating the activation of EGF signalling. EMBO J 2012; 31:2365-77. [PMID: 22505024 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor gene product Mig-6 acts as an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor (EGF) signalling. However, its posttranslational modifications and regulatory mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here, we investigated the phosphorylation of human Mig-6 and found that Chk1 phosphorylated Mig-6 in vivo as well as in vitro. Moreover, EGF stimulation promoted phosphorylation of Mig-6 without DNA damage and the phosphorylation was inhibited by depletion of Chk1. EGF also increased Ser280-phosphorylated Chk1, a cytoplasmic-tethering form, via PI3K pathway. Mass spectrometric analyses suggested that Ser 251 of Mig-6 was a major phosphorylation site by Chk1 in vitro and in vivo. Substitution of Ser 251 to alanine increased inhibitory activity of Mig-6 against EGF receptor (EGFR) activation. Moreover, EGF-dependent activation of EGFR and cell growth were inhibited by Chk1 depletion, and were rescued by co-depletion of Mig-6. Our results suggest that Chk1 phosphorylates Mig-6 on Ser 251, resulting in the inhibition of Mig-6, and that Chk1 acts as a positive regulator of EGF signalling. This is a novel function of Chk1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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15
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Lind SB, Artemenko KA, Pettersson U. A strategy for identification of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Methods 2012; 56:275-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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16
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Zoumaro-Djayoon AD, Heck AJR, Muñoz J. Targeted analysis of tyrosine phosphorylation by immuno-affinity enrichment of tyrosine phosphorylated peptides prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Methods 2011; 56:268-74. [PMID: 21945579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation is a key process that regulates seminal biological functions, hence, deregulation of this mechanism is an underlying cause of several diseases including cancer and immunological disorders. Due to its low abundance, tyrosine phosphorylation is typically under-represented in most of the global MS-based phosphoproteomic studies. Here, we describe a selective approach based on immuno-affinity purification using specific antibodies to enrich tyrosine phosphorylated peptides from a complex proteolytic digest. LC-MS/MS analysis is subsequently used for peptide identification allowing the exact localization of the phosphorylated residue within the sequence. Using this approach more than 1000 non-redundant phosphotyrosine peptides can be identified in less than 6h of MS analysis, reflecting the high sensitivity and specificity of the technique. The identified tyrosine phosphorylated peptides can be used to study different biological aspects of tyrosine signaling and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adja D Zoumaro-Djayoon
- Biomolecular Mass and Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Zhang G, Fang B, Liu RZ, Lin H, Kinose F, Bai Y, Oguz U, Remily-Wood ER, Li J, Altiok S, Eschrich S, Koomen J, Haura EB. Mass spectrometry mapping of epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation related to oncogenic mutations and tyrosine kinase inhibitor sensitivity. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:305-19. [PMID: 21080693 PMCID: PMC3050523 DOI: 10.1021/pr1006203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in cancer by activating downstream signals important in growth and survival. Inhibitors of EGFR are frequently selected as treatment for cancer including lung cancer. We performed an unbiased and comprehensive search for EGFR phosphorylation events related to somatic activating mutations and EGFR inhibitor (erlotinib) sensitivity. EGFR immunoprecipitation combined with high resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and label free quantitation characterized EGFR phosphorylation. Thirty (30) phosphorylation sites were identified including 12 tyrosine (pY), 12 serine (pS), and 6 threonine (pT). Site-specific phosphorylation was monitored by comparing ion signals from the corresponding unmodified peptide. Phosphorylation sites related to activating mutations in EGFR as well as sensitivity to erlotinib were identified using 31 lung cancer cell lines. We identified three sites (pY1092, pY1110, pY1172) correlated with activating mutations and three sites (pY1110, pY1172, pY1197) correlated with erlotinib sensitivity. Five sites (pT693, pY1092, pY1110, pY1172, and pY1197) were inhibited by erlotinib in concentration-dependent manner. Erlotinib sensitivity was confirmed using liquid chromatography coupled to multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MRM) and quantitative Western blotting. This LC-MS/MS strategy can quantitatively assess site-specific EGFR phosphorylation and can identify relationships between somatic mutations or drug sensitivity and protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa, FL, USA 33612
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa, FL, USA 33612
| | - Richard Z. Liu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa, FL, USA 33612
| | - Huiyi Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa, FL, USA 33612
| | - Fumi Kinose
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa, FL, USA 33612
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa, FL, USA 33612
| | - Umut Oguz
- Proteomics Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa, FL, USA 33612
| | - Elizabeth R. Remily-Wood
- Proteomics Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa, FL, USA 33612
| | - Jiannong Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa, FL, USA 33612
| | - Soner Altiok
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa, FL, USA 33612
| | - Steven Eschrich
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa, FL, USA 33612
| | - John Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa, FL, USA 33612
- Proteomics Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa, FL, USA 33612
| | - Eric B. Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa, FL, USA 33612
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18
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Boersema PJ, Foong LY, Ding VMY, Lemeer S, van Breukelen B, Philp R, Boekhorst J, Snel B, den Hertog J, Choo ABH, Heck AJR. In-depth qualitative and quantitative profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation using a combination of phosphopeptide immunoaffinity purification and stable isotope dimethyl labeling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 9:84-99. [PMID: 19770167 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900291-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mass spectrometry-based assays have emerged for the quantitative profiling of cellular tyrosine phosphorylation. Ideally, these methods should reveal the exact sites of tyrosine phosphorylation, be quantitative, and not be cost-prohibitive. The latter is often an issue as typically several milligrams of (stable isotope-labeled) starting protein material are required to enable the detection of low abundance phosphotyrosine peptides. Here, we adopted and refined a peptidecentric immunoaffinity purification approach for the quantitative analysis of tyrosine phosphorylation by combining it with a cost-effective stable isotope dimethyl labeling method. We were able to identify by mass spectrometry, using just two LC-MS/MS runs, more than 1100 unique non-redundant phosphopeptides in HeLa cells from about 4 mg of starting material without requiring any further affinity enrichment as close to 80% of the identified peptides were tyrosine phosphorylated peptides. Stable isotope dimethyl labeling could be incorporated prior to the immunoaffinity purification, even for the large quantities (mg) of peptide material used, enabling the quantification of differences in tyrosine phosphorylation upon pervanadate treatment or epidermal growth factor stimulation. Analysis of the epidermal growth factor-stimulated HeLa cells, a frequently used model system for tyrosine phosphorylation, resulted in the quantification of 73 regulated unique phosphotyrosine peptides. The quantitative data were found to be exceptionally consistent with the literature, evidencing that such a targeted quantitative phosphoproteomics approach can provide reproducible results. In general, the combination of immunoaffinity purification of tyrosine phosphorylated peptides with large scale stable isotope dimethyl labeling provides a cost-effective approach that can alleviate variation in sample preparation and analysis as samples can be combined early on. Using this approach, a rather complete qualitative and quantitative picture of tyrosine phosphorylation signaling events can be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Boersema
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Lazar IM. Recent advances in capillary and microfluidic platforms with MS detection for the analysis of phosphoproteins. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:262-75. [PMID: 19156662 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation represents a key regulatory mechanism that triggers essential cellular signaling events. The large-scale characterization of protein phosphorylation in a cell represents, therefore, the objective of many biological studies that aim at elucidating the complex signaling pathways that are involved in the progression and/or regression of a disease. The recent implementation of novel MS detection strategies has significantly advanced the capabilities for interrogating the complex cellular phosphoproteome. Simultaneously, the current advent of miniaturized technologies has clearly demonstrated the superior performance of microfluidic instrumentation for bioanalytical and biological applications that cope with speed, sensitivity and throughput-related demands. This review aims at providing an update on the latest developments regarding the interfacing of microfluidic devices with MS detection for exploring the challenging area of phosphoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia M Lazar
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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20
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Kang JU, Koo SH, Kwon KC, Park JW, Kim JM. Identification of novel candidate target genes, including EPHB3, MASP1 and SST at 3q26.2-q29 in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:237. [PMID: 19607727 PMCID: PMC2716371 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The underlying genetic alterations for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) carcinogenesis are largely unknown. Methods High-resolution array- CGH was performed to identify the differences in the patterns of genomic imbalances between SCC and AC of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Results On a genome-wide profile, SCCs showed higher frequency of gains than ACs (p = 0.067). More specifically, statistically significant differences were observed across the histologic subtypes for gains at 2q14.2, 3q26.2–q29, 12p13.2–p13.33, and 19p13.3, as well as losses at 3p26.2–p26.3, 16p13.11, and 17p11.2 in SCC, and gains at 7q22.1 and losses at 15q22.2–q25.2 occurred in AC (P < 0.05). The most striking difference between SCC and AC was gains at the 3q26.2–q29, occurring in 86% (19/22) of SCCs, but in only 21% (3/14) of ACs. Many significant genes at the 3q26.2–q29 regions previously linked to a specific histology, such as EVI1,MDS1, PIK3CA and TP73L, were observed in SCC (P < 0.05). In addition, we identified the following possible target genes (> 30% of patients) at 3q26.2–q29: LOC389174 (3q26.2),KCNMB3 (3q26.32),EPHB3 (3q27.1), MASP1 and SST (3q27.3), LPP and FGF12 (3q28), and OPA1,KIAA022,LOC220729, LOC440996,LOC440997, and LOC440998 (3q29), all of which were significantly targeted in SCC (P < 0.05). Among these same genes, high-level amplifications were detected for the gene, EPHB3, at 3q27.1, and MASP1 and SST, at 3q27.3 (18, 18, and 14%, respectively). Quantitative real time PCR demonstrated array CGH detected potential candidate genes that were over expressed in SCCs. Conclusion Using whole-genome array CGH, we have successfully identified significant differences and unique information of chromosomal signatures prevalent between the SCC and AC subtypes of NSCLC. The newly identified candidate target genes may prove to be highly attractive candidate molecular markers for the classification of NSCLC histologic subtypes, and could potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of the squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Un Kang
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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Tong J, Taylor P, Peterman SM, Prakash A, Moran MF. Epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation sites Ser991 and Tyr998 are implicated in the regulation of receptor endocytosis and phosphorylations at Ser1039 and Thr1041. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:2131-44. [PMID: 19531499 PMCID: PMC2742444 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900148-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression, activation, and down-regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have causal roles in many human cancers, and post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and ubiquitination and protein-protein interactions directly modulate EGFR function. Quantitative mass spectrometric analyses including selected reaction monitoring (also known as multiple reaction monitoring) were applied to the EGFR and associated proteins. In response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation of cells, phosphorylations at EGFR Ser991 and Tyr998 accumulated more slowly than at receptor sites involved in RAS-ERK signaling. Phosphorylation-deficient mutant receptors S991A and Y998F activated ERK in response to EGF but were impaired for receptor endocytosis. Consistent with these results, the mutant receptors retained a network of interactions with known signaling proteins including EGF-stimulated binding to the adaptor GRB2. Compared with wild type EGFR the Y998F variant had diminished EGF-stimulated interaction with the ubiquitin E3 ligase CBL, and the S991A variant had decreased associated ubiquitin. The endocytosis-defective mutant receptors were found to have elevated phosphorylation at positions Ser1039 and Thr1041. These residues reside in a serine/threonine-rich region of the receptor previously implicated in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent stress/cytokine-induced EGFR internalization and recycling (Zwang, Y., and Yarden, Y. (2006) p38 MAP kinase mediates stress-induced internalization of EGFR: implications for cancer chemotherapy. EMBO J. 25, 4195–4206). EGF-induced phosphorylations at Ser1039 and Thr1041 were blocked by treatment of cells with SB-202190, a selective inhibitor of p38. These results suggest that coordinated phosphorylation of EGFR involving sites Tyr998, Ser991, Ser1039, and Thr1041 governs the trafficking of EGF receptors. This reinforces the notion that EGFR function is manifest through spatially and temporally controlled protein-protein interactions and phosphorylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefei Tong
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital For Sick Children, and The McLaughlin Centre For Molecular Medicine, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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