1
|
Torres-Gomez A, Fiyouzi T, Guerra-Espinosa C, Cardeñes B, Clares I, Toribio V, Reche PA, Cabañas C, Lafuente EM. Expression of the phagocytic receptors αMβ2 and αXβ2 is controlled by RIAM, VASP and Vinculin in neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951280. [PMID: 36238292 PMCID: PMC9552961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the integrin phagocytic receptors CR3 (αMβ2, CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (αXβ2, CD11c/CD18) requires Rap1 activation and RIAM function. RIAM controls integrin activation by recruiting Talin to β2 subunits, enabling the Talin-Vinculin interaction, which in term bridges integrins to the actin-cytoskeleton. RIAM also recruits VASP to phagocytic cups and facilitates VASP phosphorylation and function promoting particle internalization. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout approach, we have analyzed the requirement for RIAM, VASP and Vinculin expression in neutrophilic-HL-60 cells. All knockout cells displayed abolished phagocytosis that was accompanied by a significant and specific reduction in ITGAM (αM), ITGAX (αX) and ITGB2 (β2) mRNA, as revealed by RT-qPCR. RIAM, VASP and Vinculin KOs presented reduced cellular F-actin content that correlated with αM expression, as treatment with the actin filament polymerizing and stabilizing drug jasplakinolide, partially restored αM expression. In general, the expression of αX was less responsive to jasplakinolide treatment than αM, indicating that regulatory mechanisms independent of F-actin content may be involved. The Serum Response Factor (SRF) was investigated as the potential transcription factor controlling αMβ2 expression, since its coactivator MRTF-A requires actin polymerization to induce transcription. Immunofluorescent MRTF-A localization in parental cells was primarily nuclear, while in knockouts it exhibited a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern. Localization of FHL-2 (SRF corepressor) was mainly sub-membranous in parental HL-60 cells, but in knockouts the localization was disperse in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, suggesting RIAM, VASP and Vinculin are required to maintain FHL-2 close to cytoplasmic membranes, reducing its nuclear localization and inhibiting its corepressor activity. Finally, reexpression of VASP in the VASP knockout resulted in a complete reversion of the phenotype, as knock-ins restored αM expression. Taken together, our results suggest that RIAM, VASP and Vinculin, are necessary for the correct expression of αMβ2 and αXβ2 during neutrophilic differentiation in the human promyelocytic HL-60 cell line, and strongly point to an involvement of these proteins in the acquisition of a phagocytic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Torres-Gomez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Esther M. Lafuente, ; Alvaro Torres-Gomez,
| | - Tara Fiyouzi
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Guerra-Espinosa
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cardeñes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Clares
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Toribio
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program (Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit), Centre for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A. Reche
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program (Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit), Centre for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther M. Lafuente
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Esther M. Lafuente, ; Alvaro Torres-Gomez,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vav1 Promotes B-Cell Lymphoma Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060949. [PMID: 35326399 PMCID: PMC8946024 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vav1 is normally and exclusively expressed in the hematopoietic system where it functions as a specific GDP/GTP nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), firmly regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. Mutations and overexpression of Vav1 in hematopoietic malignancies, and in human cancers of various histologic origins, are well documented. To reveal whether overexpression of Vav1 in different tissues suffices for promoting the development of malignant lesions, we expressed Vav1 in transgenic mice by using the ubiquitous ROSA26 promoter (Rosa Vav1). We detected Vav1 expression in epithelial tissues of various organs including pancreas, liver, and lung. While carcinomas did not develop in these organs, surprisingly, we noticed the development of B-cell lymphomas. Rac1-GTP levels did not change in tissues from Rosa Vav1 mice expressing the transgenic Vav1, while ERK phosphorylation increased in the lymphomas, suggesting that signaling pathways are evoked. One of the growth factors analyzed by us as a suspect candidate to mediate paracrine stimulation in the lymphocytes was CSF-1, which was highly expressed in the epithelial compartment of Rosa Vav1 mice. The expression of its specific receptor, CSF-1R, was found to be highly expressed in the B-cell lymphomas. Taken together, our results suggest a potential cross-talk between epithelial cells expressing Vav1, that secrete CSF-1, and the lymphocytes that express CSF-1R, thus leading to the generation of B-cell lymphomas. Our findings provide a novel mechanism by which Vav1 contributes to tumor propagation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Rac-dependent feedforward autoactivation of NOX2 leads to oxidative burst. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100982. [PMID: 34293347 PMCID: PMC8353492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) produces the superoxide anion radical (O2−), which has functions in both cell signaling and immune defense. NOX2 is a multimeric-protein complex consisting of several protein subunits including the GTPase Rac. NOX2 uniquely facilitates an oxidative burst, which is described by initially slow O2− production, which increases over time. The NOX2 oxidative burst is considered critical to immune defense because it enables expedited O2− production in response to infections. However, the mechanism of the initiation and progression of this oxidative burst and its implications for regulation of NOX2 have not been clarified. In this study, we show that the NOX2 oxidative burst is a result of autoactivation of NOX2 coupled with the redox function of Rac. NOX2 autoactivation begins when active Rac triggers NOX2 activation and the subsequent production of O2−, which in turn activates redox-sensitive Rac. This activated Rac further activates NOX2, amplifying the feedforward cycle and resulting in a NOX2-mediated oxidative burst. Using mutagenesis-based kinetic and cell analyses, we show that enzymatic activation of Rac is exclusively responsible for production of the active Rac trigger that initiates NOX2 autoactivation, whereas redox-mediated Rac activation is the main driving force of NOX2 autoactivation and contributes to generation of ∼98% of the active NOX2 in cells. The results of this study provide insight into the regulation of NOX2 function, which could be used to develop therapeutics to control immune responses associated with dysregulated NOX2 oxidative bursts.
Collapse
|
4
|
Vav1 mutations: What makes them oncogenic? Cell Signal 2020; 65:109438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
5
|
Novikova SE, Tikhonova OV, Kurbatov LK, Farafonova TE, Vakhrushev IV, Zgoda VG. Application of selected reaction monitoring and parallel reaction monitoring for investigation of HL-60 cell line differentiation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2017; 23:202-208. [PMID: 29028392 DOI: 10.1177/1469066717719848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeted mass spectrometry represents a powerful tool for investigation of biological processes. The convenient approach of selected reaction monitoring using stable isotope-labeled peptide standard (SIS) is widely applied for protein quantification. Along with this method, high-resolution parallel reaction monitoring has been increasingly used for protein targeted analysis. Here we applied two targeted approaches (selected reaction monitoring with SIS and label-free parallel reaction monitoring) to investigate expression of 11 proteins during all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. In our experiments, we have determined the proteins expression ratio at 3, 24, 48, and 96 h after all-trans retinoic acid treatment in comparison with 0 h, respectively. Expression profiles of four proteins (VAV1, PRAM1, LYN, and CEBPB) were highly correlated ( r > 0.75) and FGR expression was detected on proteome level starting from 24 h by both techniques. For prominent differences (fold change ≥ 2) label-free parallel reaction monitoring is not inferior to selected reaction monitoring with isotopically labeled peptide standards. Differentially expressed proteins, that have been determined in our study, can be considered as potential drug targets for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment.
Collapse
|
6
|
Vav1: A Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde protein--good for the hematopoietic system, bad for cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28731-42. [PMID: 26353933 PMCID: PMC4745688 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many deregulated signal transducer proteins are involved in various cancers at numerous stages of tumor development. One of these, Vav1, is normally expressed exclusively in the hematopoietic system, where it functions as a specific GDP/GTP nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), strictly regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. Vav was first identified in an NIH3T3 screen for oncogenes. Although the oncogenic form of Vav1 identified in the screen has not been detected in clinical human tumors, its wild-type form has recently been implicated in mammalian malignancies, including neuroblastoma, melanoma, pancreatic, lung and breast cancers, and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In addition, it was recently identified as a mutated gene in human cancers of various origins. However, the activity and contribution to cancer of these Vav1 mutants is still unclear. This review addresses the physiological function of wild-type Vav1 and its activity as an oncogene in human cancer. It also discusses the novel mutations identified in Vav1 in various cancers and their potential contribution to cancer development as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Grassilli S, Brugnoli F, Lattanzio R, Rossi C, Perracchio L, Mottolese M, Marchisio M, Palomba M, Nika E, Natali PG, Piantelli M, Capitani S, Bertagnolo V. High nuclear level of Vav1 is a positive prognostic factor in early invasive breast tumors: a role in modulating genes related to the efficiency of metastatic process. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4320-36. [PMID: 24962430 PMCID: PMC4147326 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vav1 is one of the signalling proteins normally restricted to hematopoietic cells that results ectopically expressed in solid tumors, including breast cancer. By immunohistochemical analysis on TMAs containing invasive breast tumor from patients without lymph node involvement, we have found that Vav1 is expressed in almost all investigated cancers and shows a peculiar localization inside the nucleus of tumor cells. High amounts of nuclear Vav1 are positively correlated with low incidence of relapse, regardless phenotype and molecular subtype of breast neoplasia. In particular, Kaplan-Meier plots showed an elevated risk of distant metastasis in patients with low Vav1 expression compared with patients with high Vav1 expression in their tumors. Experiments performed with breast tumor-derived cells indicated that Vav1 negatively modulates their invasiveness in vitro and their metastatic efficiency in vivo, possibly by affecting the expression of genes involved in invasion and/or metastasis of breast tumors. Since the high heterogeneity of breast tumors makes difficult to predict the evolution of early breast neoplasias, the evaluation of nuclear Vav1 levels may help in the characterization and management of early breast cancer patients. In particular, Vav1 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and a target for new therapies aimed to prevent breast cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grassilli
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Federica Brugnoli
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti, Italy. Center of Excellence for Research on Aging, Foundation University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Cosmo Rossi
- Center of Excellence for Research on Aging, Foundation University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy. Department of Biomorphology, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Marchisio
- Center of Excellence for Research on Aging, Foundation University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy. Department of Biomorphology, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Palomba
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ervin Nika
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Piantelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti, Italy. Center of Excellence for Research on Aging, Foundation University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Bertagnolo
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Congleton J, Shen M, MacDonald R, Malavasi F, Yen A. Phosphorylation of c-Cbl and p85 PI3K driven by all-trans retinoic acid and CD38 depends on Lyn kinase activity. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1589-97. [PMID: 24686085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The leukocyte antigen CD38 is expressed after all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment in HL-60 myelogenous leukemia cells and promotes induced myeloid differentiation when overexpressed. We found that Vav1 and SLP-76 associate with CD38 in two cell lines, and that these proteins complex with Lyn, a Src family kinase (SFK) upregulated by ATRA. SFK inhibitors PP2 and dasatinib, which enhance ATRA-induced differentiation, were used to evaluate the involvement of Lyn kinase activity in CD38-driven signaling. Cells treated with ATRA for 48h followed by one hour of PP2 incubation show SFK/Lyn kinase inhibition. We observed that Lyn inhibition blocked c-Cbl and p85/p55 PI3K phosphorylation driven by the anti-CD38 agonistic mAb IB4 in ATRA-treated HL-60 cells and untreated CD38+ transfectants. In contrast, cells cultured for 48h following concurrent ATRA and PP2 treatment did not show Lyn inhibition, suggesting ATRA regulates the effects on Lyn. 48h of co-treatment preserved CD38-stimulated c-Cbl and p85/p55 PI3K phosphorylation indicating Lyn kinase activity is necessary for these events. In contrast another SFK inhibitor (dasatinib) which blocks Lyn activity with ATRA co-treatment prevented ATRA-induced c-Cbl phosphorylation and crippled p85 PI3K phosphorylation, indicating Lyn kinase activity is important for ATRA-propelled events potentially regulated by CD38. We found that loss of Lyn activity coincided with a decrease in Vav1/Lyn/CD38 and SLP-76/Lyn/CD38 interaction, suggesting these molecules form a complex that regulates CD38 signaling. Lyn inhibition also reduced Lyn and CD38 binding to p85 PI3K, indicating CD38 facilitates a complex responsible for PI3K phosphorylation. Therefore, Lyn kinase activity is important for CD38-associated signaling that may drive ATRA-induced differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Congleton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Miaoqing Shen
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Robert MacDonald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino Medical School, Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brugnoli F, Grassilli S, Piazzi M, Palomba M, Nika E, Bavelloni A, Capitani S, Bertagnolo V. In triple negative breast tumor cells, PLC-β2 promotes the conversion of CD133high to CD133low phenotype and reduces the CD133-related invasiveness. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:165. [PMID: 24330829 PMCID: PMC3866498 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Beyond its possible correlation with stemness of tumor cells, CD133/prominin1 is considered an important marker in breast cancer, since it correlates with tumor size, metastasis and clinical stage of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), to date the highest risk breast neoplasia. Methods To study the correlation between the levels of CD133 expression and the biology of breast-derived cells, CD133low and CD133high cell subpopulations isolated from triple negative MDA-MB-231 cells were compared in terms of malignant properties and protein expression. Results High expression of CD133 characterizes cells with larger adhesion area, lower proliferation rate and reduced migration speed, indicative of a less undifferentiated phenotype. Conversely, when compared with CD133low cells, CD133high cells show higher invasive capability and increased expression of proteins involved in metastasis and drug-resistance of breast tumors. Among the signalling proteins examined, PLC-β2 expression inversely correlates with the levels of CD133 and has a role in inducing the CD133high cells to CD133low cells conversion, suggesting that, in TNBC cells, the de-regulation of this PLC isoform is responsible of the switch from an early to a mature tumoral phenotype also by reducing the expression of CD133. Conclusions Since CD133 plays a role in determining the invasiveness of CD133high cells, it may constitute an attractive target to reduce the metastatic potential of TNBC. In addition, our data showing that the forced up-regulation of PLC-β2 counteracts the invasiveness of CD133-positive MDA-MB-231 cells might contribute to identify unexplored key steps responsible for the TNBC high malignancy, to be considered for potential therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valeria Bertagnolo
- Signal Transduction Unit, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bunaciu RP, Yen A. 6-Formylindolo (3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ) enhances retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of HL-60 myeloblastic leukemia cells. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:39. [PMID: 23656719 PMCID: PMC3693992 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand 6-Formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ) has received increasing attention since its identification as an endogenous AhR ligand and a photoproduct of tryptophan. FICZ and its metabolites have been detected in human fluids. We recently reported that AhR promotes retinoic acid (RA)-induced granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 myeloblastic leukemia cells by restricting the nuclear abundance of the stem cell associated transcription factor Oct4. The standard clinical management of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is differentiation induction therapy using RA. But RA is not effective for other myeloid leukemias, making the mechanism of RA-induced differentiation observed in a non-APL myeloid leukemia of interest. To our knowledge, this is the first study regarding the influence of FICZ on RA-induced differentiation in any type of leukemic blasts. METHODS Using flow cytometry and Western blotting assays, we determined the effects of FICZ on RA-induced differentiation of HL-60 human leukemia cells. All experiments were performed in triplicate. The groups RA and FICZ + RA were compared using the Paired-Samples T-Test. Western blot figures present the typical blots. RESULTS We demonstrate that FICZ enhances RA-induced differentiation, assessed by the expression of the membrane differentiation marker CD11b; cell cycle arrest; and the functional differentiation marker, inducible-oxidative metabolism. FICZ causes changes in signaling events that are known to drive differentiation, and notably augments the RA-induced sustained activation of the RAF/MEK/ERK axis of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. FICZ also augments expression of the known MAPK signaling regulatory molecules c-Cbl, VAV1, pY458 p85 PI3K, Src-family kinases (SFKs), and IRF-1, a transcription factor associated with this putative signalsome that promotes RA-induced differentiation. Moreover, FICZ in combination with RA also increases expression of AhR and even more so of both Cyp1A2 and p47phox, which are known to be transcriptionally regulated by AhR. pY1021 PDGFRβ, a marker associated with retinoic acid syndrome was also increased. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that FICZ modulates intracellular signaling pathways and enhances RA-induced differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodica P Bunaciu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sebban S, Farago M, Gashai D, Ilan L, Pikarsky E, Ben-Porath I, Katzav S. Vav1 fine tunes p53 control of apoptosis versus proliferation in breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54321. [PMID: 23342133 PMCID: PMC3544807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vav1 functions as a signal transducer protein in the hematopoietic system, where it is exclusively expressed. Vav1 was recently implicated in several human cancers, including lung, pancreatic and neuroblasoma. In this study, we analyzed the expression and function of Vav1 in human breast tumors and breast cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of primary human breast carcinomas indicated that Vav1 is expressed in 62% of 65 tumors tested and is correlated positively with estrogen receptor expression. Based on published gene profiling of 50 breast cancer cell lines, several Vav1-expressing cell lines were identified. RT-PCR confirmed Vav1 mRNA expression in several of these cell lines, yet no detectable levels of Vav1 protein were observed due to cbl-c proteasomal degradation. We used two of these lines, MCF-7 (Vav1 mRNA negative) and AU565 (Vav1 mRNA positive), to explore the effect of Vav1 expression on breast cell phenotype and function. Vav1 expression had opposite effects on function in these two lines: it reduced proliferation and enhanced cell death in MCF-7 cells but enhanced proliferation in AU565 cells. Consistent with these findings, transcriptome analysis revealed an increase in expression of proliferation-related genes in Vav1-expressing AU565 cells compared to controls, and an increase in apoptosis-related genes in Vav1-expressing MCF-7 cells compared with controls. TUNEL and γ-H2AX foci assays confirmed that expression of Vav1 increased apoptosis in MCF-7 cells but not AU565 cells and shRNA experiments revealed that p53 is required for this pro-apoptotic effect of Vav1 in these cells. These results highlight for the first time the potential role of Vav1 as an oncogenic stress activator in cancer and the p53 dependence of its pro-apoptotic effect in breast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulamit Sebban
- Departement of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School - Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marganit Farago
- Departement of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School - Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Gashai
- Departement of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School - Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lena Ilan
- Departement of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School - Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- Deaprtment of Immunology & Cancer Research and Department of Pathology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School - Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ittai Ben-Porath
- Departement of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School - Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shulamit Katzav
- Departement of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School - Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bertagnolo V, Brugnoli F, Grassilli S, Nika E, Capitani S. Vav1 in differentiation of tumoral promyelocytes. Cell Signal 2011; 24:612-20. [PMID: 22133616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The multidomain protein Vav1, in addition to promote the acquisition of maturation related properties by normal hematopoietic cells, is a key player in the ATRA- and PMA-induced completion of the differentiation program of tumoral myeloid precursors derived from APL. This review is focussed on the role of Vav1 in differentiating promyelocytes, as part of interconnected networks of functionally related proteins ended to regulate different aspects of myeloid maturation. The role of Vav1 in determining actin cytoskeleton reorganization alternative to the best known function as a GEF for small G proteins is discussed, as well as the binding of Vav1 with cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling molecules which provides a new perspective in the modulation of nuclear architecture and activity. In particular, new hints are provided on the ability of Vav1 to determine the nuclear amount of proteins implicated in modulating mRNA production and stability and in regulating the ATRA-dependent protein expression also by direct interaction with transcription factors known to drive the ATRA-induced maturation of myeloid cells. The reviewed findings summarize the major advances in the understanding of additional, non conventional functions connected with the vast interactive potential of Vav1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bertagnolo
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Morphology and Embryology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bertagnolo V, Grassilli S, Petretto A, Lambertini E, Astati L, Bruschi M, Brugnoli F, Nika E, Candiano G, Piva R, Capitani S. Nuclear proteome analysis reveals a role of Vav1 in modulating RNA processing during maturation of tumoral promyelocytes. J Proteomics 2011; 75:398-409. [PMID: 21856460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vav1 is a key molecule in the ATRA-induced acquisition of a mature phenotype by tumoral myeloid precursors. Since ATRA acts throughout events that require extensive changes of nuclear architecture and activity and considering that Vav1 accumulates inside the nuclear compartment of differentiating APL-derived cells, the possible role of this protein in modulating the nuclear proteome was investigated. Membrane-depleted nuclei purified from NB4 cells induced to differentiate with ATRA in the presence of forcedly down-modulated Vav1 were subjected to 2D-DIGE followed by mass spectra analysis. The obtained data demonstrated that, in NB4 cells treated with ATRA, Vav1 is involved in determining the nuclear amount of proteins involved in molecular complexes with DNA and may participate to RNA processing by carrying in the nucleus molecules involved in modulating mRNA production and stability, like hnRNPs and SR proteins. Our results provide the first evidence that, at least in maturation of tumoral myeloid precursors, Vav1 is part of interconnected networks of functionally related proteins ended to regulate different aspects of gene expression. Since defects in mRNA processing are common in tumor development, our data suggest that Vav1 is a potential target molecule for developing new anti-cancer strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bertagnolo
- Signal Transduction Unit, Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Morphology and Embryology, University of Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vav1 is a crucial molecule in monocytic/macrophagic differentiation of myeloid leukemia-derived cells. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 345:163-75. [PMID: 21647562 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vav1 is a critical signal transducer for both the development and function of normal hematopoietic cells, in which it regulates the acquisition of maturation-related properties, including adhesion, motility, and phagocytosis. Vav1 is also important for the agonist-induced maturation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-derived promyelocytes, in which it promotes the acquisition of a mature phenotype by playing multiple functions at both cytoplasmic and nuclear levels. We investigated the possible role of Vav1 in the differentiation of leukemic precursors to monocytes/macrophages. Tumoral promyelocytes in which Vav1 was negatively modulated were induced to differentiate into monocytes/macrophages with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and monitored for their maturation-related properties. We found that Vav1 was crucial for the phenotypical differentiation of tumoral myeloid precursors to monocytes/macrophages, in terms of CD11b expression, adhesion capability and cell morphology. Confocal analysis revealed that Vav1 may synergize with actin in modulating nuclear morphology of PMA-treated adherent cells. Our data indicate that, in tumoral promyelocytes, Vav1 is a component of lineage-specific transduction machineries that can be recruited by various differentiating agents. Since Vav1 plays a central role in the completion of the differentiation program of leukemic promyelocytes along diverse hematopoietic lineages, it can be considered a common target for developing new therapeutic strategies for the various subtypes of myeloid leukemias.
Collapse
|
15
|
Dong X, Xiong L, Jiang X, Wang Y. Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals the perturbation of multiple cellular pathways in jurkat-T cells induced by doxorubicin. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:5943-51. [PMID: 20822187 DOI: 10.1021/pr1007043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin remains an important part of chemotherapy regimens in the clinic and is considered an effective agent in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although the cellular responses induced by doxorubicin treatment have been investigated for years, the precise mechanisms underlying its cytotoxicity and therapeutic activity remain unclear. Here we utilized mass spectrometry, together with stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), to analyze comparatively the protein expression in Jurkat-T cells before and after treatment with a clinically relevant concentration of doxorubicin. We were able to quantify 1066 proteins in Jurkat-T cells with both forward and reverse SILAC measurements, among which 62 were with significantly altered levels of expression induced by doxorubicin treatment. These included the up-regulation of core histones, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and superoxide dismutase 2 as well as the down-regulation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase and farnesyl diphosphate synthase. The latter two are essential enzymes for cholesterol biosynthesis. We further demonstrated that the doxorubicin-induced growth inhibition of Jurkat-T cells could be rescued by treatment with cholesterol, supporting that doxorubicin exerts its cytotoxic effect, in part, by suppressing the expression of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase and farnesyl diphosphate synthase, thereby inhibiting the endogenous production of cholesterol. The results from the present study provide important new knowledge for gaining insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of doxorubicin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xiong L, Wang Y. Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals the perturbation of multiple cellular pathways in HL-60 cells induced by arsenite treatment. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:1129-37. [PMID: 20050688 DOI: 10.1021/pr9011359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is ubiquitously present in the environment; it is a known human carcinogen and paradoxically it is also a successful drug for the clinical remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The cellular responses induced by arsenite treatment have been investigated for years; however, the precise mechanisms underlying its cytotoxicity and therapeutic activity remain unclear. Here we report the use of mass spectrometry together with stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) for the comparative study of protein expression in HL-60 cells that were untreated or treated with a clinically relevant concentration of arsenite. Our results revealed that, among the 1067 proteins quantified in both forward and reverse SILAC measurements, 56 had significantly altered levels of expression induced by arsenite treatment. These included the up-regulation of core histones, neutrophil elastase, alpha-mannosidase as well as the down-regulation of fatty acid synthase and protein phosphatase 1 alpha. We further demonstrated that the arsenite-induced growth inhibition of HL-60 cells could be rescued by treatment with palmitate, the final product of fatty acid synthase, supporting that arsenite exerts its cytotoxic effect, in part, via suppressing the expression of fatty acid synthase and inhibiting the endogenous production of fatty acid. The results from the present study offered important new knowledge for gaining insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of arsenite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bertagnolo V, Grassilli S, D'Aguanno S, Brugnoli F, Bavelloni A, Faenza I, Nika E, Urbani A, Cocco L, Capitani S. Mass spectrometry-based identification of Y745 of Vav1 as a tyrosine residue crucial in maturation of acute promyelocytic leukemia-derived cells. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:752-60. [PMID: 20028078 DOI: 10.1021/pr900581y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vav1, whose physiological expression is restricted to hematopoietic system, is one of the signaling proteins up-regulated by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-derived precursors, in which it promotes the overcoming of the differentiation blockade. High levels of tyrosine phosphorylated Vav1 accumulate in differentiating APL-derived cells, suggesting that one or more Vav1 tyrosine residues are involved in neutrophil differentiation of tumoral promyelocytes. Here, we have found that phosphorylation of Vav1 Y174, that is known to regulate Vav1 activity in mature neutrophils, is up-regulated by ATRA in NB4 cells. Nevertheless, this tyrosine residue does not seem crucial for the agonist-induced phenotypical differentiation of APL-derived cells. Mass spectrometry analysis performed on Vav1 from differentiating NB4 cells allowed to identify the highly conserved Y745 residue as a phosphorylated tyrosine that plays crucial roles in the completion of the maturation program of this cell line. In fact, the overexpression of a mutated form of Vav1, in which Y745 was replaced with a phenylalanine, significantly reduced the ATRA-induced CD11b expression and essentially abrogated the differentiation-related acquisition of the migratory capability. Even though the intracellular signaling involving Vav1 phosphorylated in Y745 is unknown, the identification of a tyrosine residue essential for differentiation of tumoral precursors may constitute the basis to identify new specific targets for differentiation therapy of APL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bertagnolo
- Signal Transduction Unit, Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Morphology and Embryology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Therapeutic effects of all trans-retinoic acid combined with transarterial chemoembolization on Walker-256 hepatoma in rats. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2010; 30:113-8. [PMID: 20155467 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-010-0121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the inhibitory effects of all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on differentiation and apoptosis of Walker-256 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the therapeutic effects of ATRA combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) on rat Walker-256 transplanted hepatocarcinoma, Walker-256 hepatocarcinoma cell lines were treated with ATRA at different concentrations. After culture for 48 h, the inhibitory rate of cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay; the changes of Fas and Bcl-2 mRNA expression were determined by RT-PCR, and the expression levels of Caspase3 and Caspase8 proteins were detected by Western blot. Twenty-seven Wistar rat models of hepatocarcinoma were set up successfully by implanting Walker-256 cell lines. The tumor volume at the 11th day after implantation (V(preoperation)) was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The 27 rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups, and the therapy scheme was performed as follows: group A (ATRA 0.1 mg+mitomycin 0.05 mL+lipiodol 0.05 mL+gelfoam powder 0.025 mg); group B (mitomycin 0.05 mg+lipiodol 0.05 ml+gelfoam 0.025 mg; group C (0.9% NaCl 0.2 mL). After another 11 days, MRI was performed once again to measure the tumor volume (V(postoperation)). The expression of factor and Ki VIII -67 in the tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that ATRA could suppress proliferation of Walker-256 cell lines. After treatment of Walker-256 cell lines with ATRA, the expression of Fas mRNA was significantly up-regulated and the Bcl-2 mRNA was significantly down-regulated by ATRA at the concentration of 10 mumol/L as compared with the control group (P<0.05). After treatment with 10 mumol/L ATRA for 48 h, the Caspase3 and Caspase8 were significantly activated as compared with the control group (P<0.05). Significant difference existed in growth rate among the three groups (P<0.01) and between either two groups (P<0.05). The expression rate of factor VIII and Ki-67 was gradually increased from group A, group B to group C. The study suggests that ATRA could inhibit the proliferation of Walker-256 cells and the effectiveness of the combined therapy (ATRA+TACE) for treating transplanted hepatoma of rats is superior to that of TACE alone.
Collapse
|
19
|
Vav1 and PU.1 are recruited to the CD11b promoter in APL-derived promyelocytes: role of Vav1 in modulating PU.1-containing complexes during ATRA-induced differentiation. Exp Cell Res 2009; 316:38-47. [PMID: 19747912 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vav1 plays an important role in the all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced completion of the differentiation program of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-derived cells, in which it strengthens the drug effects and is involved in the regulation of maturation-related proteins, such as the CD11b surface antigen. In both myeloid and lymphoid cells, accumulating data attribute to the multidomain protein Vav1 a functional relevance in the control of gene expression, by direct interaction with chromatin remodeling and/or transcriptional proteins. The present study provides evidence that, in the APL-derived NB4 cell line, Vav1 and the transcription factor PU.1 cooperate in regulating the ATRA-induced CD11b expression. Both chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) indicate that Vav1 and PU.1 are recruited to CD11b promoter. Even if the two proteins may participate in diverse protein/DNA complexes, the amounts of complexes including PU.1 seem to be dependent on the interaction of this transcription factor with tyrosine-phosphorylated Vav1. The reported data suggest that the ATRA-induced increase of Vav1 expression and tyrosine phosphorylation may be involved in recruiting PU.1 to its consensus sequence on the CD11b promoter and, ultimately, in regulating CD11b expression during the late stages of neutrophil differentiation of APL-derived promyelocytes.
Collapse
|