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Ong ES. Urine Metabolites and Bioactive Compounds from Functional Food: Applications of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37454386 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2235442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds in functional foods, medicinal plants and others are considered attractive value-added molecules based on their wide range of bioactivity. It is clear that an important role is occupied by polyphenol, phenolic compounds and others. Urine is an effective biofluid to evaluate and monitor alterations in homeostasis and other processes related to metabolism. The current review provides a detailed description of the formation of urine in human body, various aspects relevant to sampling and analysis of urinary metabolites before presenting recent developments leveraging on metabolite profiling of urine. For the profiling of small molecules in urine, advancement of liquid chromatography mass tandem spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), establishment of standardized chemical fragmentation libraries, computational resources, data-analysis approaches with pattern recognition tools have made it an attractive option. The profiling of urinary metabolites gives an overview of the biomarkers associated with the diet and evaluates its biological effects. Metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, purine metabolism and others can be evaluated. Finally, a combination of metabolite profiling with chemical standardization and bioassay in functional food and medicinal plants will likely lead to the identification of new biomarkers and novel biochemical insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Shi Ong
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Valorization of avocado seeds with antioxidant capacity using pressurized hot water extraction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13036. [PMID: 35906278 PMCID: PMC9338084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pulp of avocado (Persea Americana) is widely consumed as the primary food source, while the seed is often discarded as food waste. Increased consumption of avocado would inevitably results in production of waste by-products such as avocado seeds, hence the ability to extract phytochemicals from such waste, and upcycling to potential nutraceutical products is of great interest. The overall aim of this study is to explore avocado seeds as potential functional food through the combined use of a green extraction method, chemical standardization and pattern recognition tools, and biological characterization assays. Specifically, this study utilized an organic solvent-free extraction method, pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) to extract phytochemicals from avocado seeds and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) was used to identify the phytochemicals present in the avocado seeds. Our results demonstrated that avocado seed extracts have antioxidant activity and inhibited oxidative stress-induced metabolomics changes in endothelial cells, suggesting that avocado seed extracts have vasoprotective actions.
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Translational science in albuminuria: a new view of de novo albuminuria under chronic RAS suppression. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:739-758. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20180097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of de novo albuminuria during chronic renin–angiotensin system (RAS) suppression is a clinical entity that remains poorly recognized in the biomedical literature. It represents a clear increment in global cardiovascular (CV) and renal risk that cannot be counteracted by RAS suppression. Although not specifically considered, it is clear that this entity is present in most published and ongoing trials dealing with the different forms of CV and renal disease. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms promoting albuminuria, and the predictors and new markers of de novo albuminuria, as well as the potential treatment options to counteract the excretion of albumin. The increase in risk that accompanies de novo albuminuria supports the search for early markers and predictors that will allow practising physicians to assess and prevent the development of de novo albuminuria in their patients.
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Ge L, Tan GYA, Wang L, Chen CL, Li L, Tan SN, Wang JY. Determination of monomeric composition in polyhydroxyalkanoates by liquid chromatography coupled with on-line mass spectrometry and off-line nuclear magnetic resonance. Talanta 2015; 146:107-13. [PMID: 26695241 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are commercially-valuable biocompatible and biodegradable polymers with many potential medical, pharmaceutical and other industrial applications. The analysis of PHA monomeric composition is especially challenging due to the broad chemical diversity of PHA monomers and lack of analytical standards to represent the chemically-diverse PHA monomer constituents. In this study, a novel strategy based on on-line liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and off-line liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance (LC-NMR) was established to quantify seven PHA monomers with available standards and used to elucidate the structures of unknown PHA monomers. The strategy was successfully applied for the determination of monomeric composition in bacterial PHAs isolated from Pseudomonads cultivated on different carbon sources after hydrolysis. The results of this work demonstrated that the newly-developed strategy was efficient, repeatable, and could have good potential to be employed for detailed analysis of PHA monomeric composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Ge
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
| | - Giin-Yu Amy Tan
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Division of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Lin Wang
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Chia-Lung Chen
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Ling Li
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Swee Ngin Tan
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore.
| | - Jing-Yuan Wang
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Division of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Metabolic profiling of plasma from benign and malignant pulmonary nodules patients using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Metabolites 2013; 3:539-51. [PMID: 24958138 PMCID: PMC3901282 DOI: 10.3390/metabo3030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN or coin lesion) is a mass in the lung and can be commonly found in chest X-rays or computerized tomography (CT) scans. However, despite the advancement of imaging technologies, it is still difficult to distinguish malignant cancer from benign SPNs. Here we investigated the metabolic profiling of patients with benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. A combination of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to profile the plasma metabolites in 17 patients with malignant SPNs, 15 patients with benign SPNs and 20 healthy controls. The metabolic profiles were assayed using OPLS-DA, and further analyzed to identify marker metabolites related to diseases. Both GC/MS- and LC/MS-derived models showed clear discriminations in metabolic profiles among three groups. It was found that 63 metabolites (12 from GC/MS, 51 from LC/MS) contributed to the differences. Of these, 48 metabolites showed same change trend in both malignant and benign SPNs as compared with healthy controls, indicating some common pathways including inflammation and oxidative injury shared by two diseases. In contrast, 14 metabolites constituted distinct profiles that differentiated malignant from benign SPNs, which might be a unique biochemical feature associated with lung cancer. Overall, our data suggested that integration of two highly sensitive and complementary metabolomics platforms could enable a comprehensive metabolic profiling and assist in discrimination malignant from benign SPNs.
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Theodoridis G, Gika HG, Wilson ID. Mass spectrometry-based holistic analytical approaches for metabolite profiling in systems biology studies. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:884-906. [PMID: 21384411 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metabonomics and metabolomics represent one of the three major platforms in systems biology. To perform metabolomics it is necessary to generate comprehensive "global" metabolite profiles from complex samples, for example, biological fluids or tissue extracts. Analytical technologies based on mass spectrometry (MS), and in particular on liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS), have become a major tool providing a significant source of global metabolite profiling data. In the present review we describe and compare the utility of the different analytical strategies and technologies used for MS-based metabolomics with a particular focus on LC-MS. Both the advantages offered by the technology and also the challenges and limitations that need to be addressed for the successful application of LC-MS in metabolite analysis are described. Data treatment and approaches resulting in the detection and identification of biomarkers are considered. Special emphasis is given to validation issues, instrument stability, and QA/quality control (QC) procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Theodoridis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Xu F, Zou L, Ong CN, Zou L, Ong CN, Ong CN. Experiment-originated variations, and multi-peak and multi-origination phenomena in derivatization-based GC-MS metabolomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Xu F, Zou L, Ong CN. Multiorigination of Chromatographic Peaks in Derivatized GC/MS Metabolomics: A Confounder That Influences Metabolic Pathway Interpretation. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:5657-65. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900738b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengguo Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, and Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, and Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, and Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
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