1
|
Paterson R, Alharbi HY, Wills C, Chamberlain TW, Bourne RA, Griffiths A, Collins SM, Wu K, Simmons MD, Menzel R, Masey AF, Knight JG, Doherty S. Highly Efficient and Selective Partial Reduction of Nitroarenes to N-Arylhydroxylamines Catalysed by Phosphine Oxide-Decorated Polymer Immobilized Ionic Liquid Stabilized Ruthenium Nanoparticles. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
2
|
Bhattacherjee D, Shaifali, Kumar A, Zyryanov GV, Das P. Polystyrene stabilized iridium nanoparticles catalyzed chemo- and regio-selective semi-hydrogenation of nitroarenes to N-arylhydroxylamines. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
3
|
Doherty S, Knight JG, Backhouse T, Summers RJ, Abood E, Simpson W, Paget W, Bourne RA, Chamberlain TW, Stones R, Lovelock KRJ, Seymour JM, Isaacs MA, Hardacre C, Daly H, Rees NH. Highly Selective and Solvent-Dependent Reduction of Nitrobenzene to N-Phenylhydroxylamine, Azoxybenzene, and Aniline Catalyzed by Phosphino-Modified Polymer Immobilized Ionic Liquid-Stabilized AuNPs. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Doherty
- NUCAT, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Julian G. Knight
- NUCAT, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Tom Backhouse
- NUCAT, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ryan J. Summers
- NUCAT, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Einas Abood
- NUCAT, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - William Simpson
- NUCAT, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - William Paget
- NUCAT, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Richard A. Bourne
- Institute of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Thomas W. Chamberlain
- Institute of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Rebecca Stones
- Institute of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Kevin R. J. Lovelock
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AT, U.K
| | - Jake M. Seymour
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AT, U.K
| | - Mark A. Isaacs
- EPSRC National Facility for XPS (HarwellXPS),
Research Complex at Harwell (RCaH), Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Room G.63, Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street Campus, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Helen Daly
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street Campus, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Nicholas H. Rees
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Potocnik E, Drozdzewska K, Schwarz B. Presumed Sulfonamide-Associated Uveitis With Stevens-Johnson Syndrome in a Quarter Horse Mare. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 77:17-22. [PMID: 31133310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe the case of a four-year-old Quarter Horse mare that presented with fever, respiratory infection with productive cough, disorientation, and bilateral anterior uveitis with discharge that had been previously treated with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (TMPS). Acinetobacter johnsonii was cultured from an endoscopic tracheal wash. Treatment was initiated with cefquinome, systemic flunixin-meglumine, local ocular atropine, and corticosteroids. On subsequent days, the mare exhibited bilateral edematous, painful swelling of the face, primarily affecting the eyelids and lips. There were neither swellings nor pulsations of the metatarsal arteries. On day five of treatment, the facial swelling disappeared, the uveitis improved markedly, and the mare's periorbital skin, muzzle, and vulva began to slough, revealing underlying, nonpigmented skin. Although systemic use of sulfonamides has been associated with bilateral anterior uveitis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS or erythema multiforme major) in humans, these conditions are rare in horses. Stevens-Johnson syndrome has been associated most commonly with sulfonamide use but also with a range of other medications, including anti-infectives, anti-inflammatories, anticonvulsants, analgesics, and infections. A possible pathway for sulfonamide-induced SJS is discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of sulfonamide-associated uveitis and SJS in the horse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Potocnik
- Pferdeklinik Altforweiler, Überherrn, Altforweiler, Germany.
| | | | - Bianca Schwarz
- Pferdeklinik Altforweiler, Überherrn, Altforweiler, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yip VLM, Meng X, Maggs JL, Jenkins RE, Marlot PT, Marson AG, Park BK, Pirmohamed M. Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Circulating Covalent Protein Adducts Derived from Epoxide Metabolites of Carbamazepine in Patients. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1419-1435. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent L. M. Yip
- MRC
Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical
Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
- The
Wolfson Centre for Personalized Medicine, Department of Molecular
and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoli Meng
- MRC
Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical
Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - James L. Maggs
- MRC
Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical
Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind E. Jenkins
- MRC
Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical
Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe T. Marlot
- MRC
Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical
Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
- The
Wolfson Centre for Personalized Medicine, Department of Molecular
and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G. Marson
- MRC
Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical
Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - B. Kevin Park
- MRC
Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical
Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- MRC
Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical
Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
- The
Wolfson Centre for Personalized Medicine, Department of Molecular
and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tyler JH, Nazari SH, Patterson RH, Udumula V, Smith SJ, Michaelis DJ. Synthesis of N- aryl and N -heteroaryl hydroxylamines via partial reduction of nitroarenes with soluble nanoparticle catalysts. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Fu Z, Wang Y, Wang Z, Xie H, Chen J. Transformation Pathways of Isomeric Perfluorooctanesulfonate Precursors Catalyzed by the Active Species of P450 Enzymes: In Silico Investigation. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:482-9. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500470f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Fu
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE),
School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE),
School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongbin Xie
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE),
School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE),
School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boymans EH, Witte PT, Vogt D. A study on the selective hydrogenation of nitroaromatics to N-arylhydroxylamines using a supported Pt nanoparticle catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00790e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes to N-arylhydroxylamines at high rates over supported Pt-NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. T. Witte
- BASF Nederland B.V
- 3454 ZG De Meern
- the Netherlands
| | - D. Vogt
- School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nguyen-Tran HH, Zheng GW, Qian XH, Xu JH. Highly selective and controllable synthesis of arylhydroxylamines by the reduction of nitroarenes with an electron-withdrawing group using a new nitroreductase BaNTR1. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2861-4. [PMID: 24488361 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48590k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new bacterial nitroreductase has been identified and used as a biocatalyst for the controllable reduction of a variety of nitroarenes with an electron-withdrawing group to the corresponding N-arylhydroxylamines under mild reaction conditions with excellent selectivity (>99%). This method therefore represents a green and efficient method for the synthesis of arylhydroxylamines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hieu-Huy Nguyen-Tran
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Takenaka Y, Kiyosu T, Choi JC, Sakakura T, Yasuda H. Selective synthesis of N-alkyl hydroxylamines by hydrogenation of nitroalkanes using supported palladium catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2010; 3:1166-1168. [PMID: 20722045 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Takenaka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Erve JC. Chemical toxicology: reactive intermediates and their role in pharmacology and toxicology. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2007; 2:923-46. [PMID: 17125409 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2.6.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Reactive intermediates formed during the metabolism of drugs have been investigated extensively over the past decades. Today, interest in reactive intermediates in drug discovery is focused on minimising bioactivation in hopes of reducing the risk of causing so-called idiosyncratic toxicity. These efforts are justified based on the 'hapten hypothesis', namely, that on binding to protein, reactive intermediates may elicit an immune response to the modified protein, leading to a cascade of events that ultimately manifests as a toxic outcome. However, the pharmacological action of certain drugs depends on reactive intermediates that modify critical amino acid residues of proteins, typically enzymes, thereby altering their activity. Thus, the notion that reactive intermediates are inherently dangerous is unjustified. When a reactive intermediate is necessary for the desired pharmacological effect of a drug, the selectivity it displays towards the target protein is crucial, as off-target binding may produce unwanted toxicities. On the other hand, reactive intermediates may play no role in toxicity. This review provides a balanced perspective, primarily focusing on the proposed role of reactive intermediates in drug toxicity, while also highlighting examples in which they are involved in causing the desired pharmacology. It is hoped that this knowledge can help scientists involved in drug discovery and development in their challenging task of producing safe and effective drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Cl Erve
- Wyeth Research, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lavergne SN, Danhof RS, Volkman EM, Trepanier LA. Association of drug-serum protein adducts and anti-drug antibodies in dogs with sulphonamide hypersensitivity: A naturally occurring model of idiosyncratic drug toxicity. Clin Exp Allergy 2006; 36:907-15. [PMID: 16839406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulphonamide antimicrobials, such as sulphamethoxazole (SMX), provide effective infection prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients, but can lead to drug hypersensitivity (HS) reactions. These reactions also occur in dogs, with a similar time course and clinical presentation as seen in humans. OBJECTIVES Drug-serum adducts and anti-drug antibodies have been identified in sulphonamide HS humans. The aim of this study was to determine whether similar markers were present in dogs with sulphonamide HS. METHODS Thirty-four privately owned sulphonamide HS dogs, 10 sulphonamide-'tolerant' dogs, 18 sulphonamide-naïve dogs, and four dogs experimentally dosed with SMX and the oxidative metabolite SMX-nitroso, were tested for drug-serum adducts by immunoblotting, and anti-drug antibodies by ELISA. RESULTS Sulphonamide-serum adducts were found in 10/20 HS dogs tested (50%), but in no tolerant dogs. Anti-sulphonamide IgG antibodies were detected in 17/34 HS dogs (50%), but in only one tolerant dog; antibody absorbance values were significantly higher in HS dogs. There was a significant association between the presence of sulphonamide-serum adducts and anti-sulphonamide antibodies (P = 0.009). Anti-drug antibodies were also found in dogs experimentally dosed with SMX-nitroso followed by SMX, but not in a dog dosed with drug vehicle, followed by SMX. CONCLUSION Similar humoral markers are present in dogs and humans with sulphonamide HS, supporting the use of dogs as a naturally occurring model for this syndrome in humans. These data suggest the potential use of drug-serum adducts and anti-drug antibodies as markers for sulphonamide HS. Preliminary data indicate that anti-sulphonamide antibodies may be triggered by the SMX-nitroso metabolite, not by the parent drug, in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S N Lavergne
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1102, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhaiya P, Roychowdhury S, Vyas PM, Doll MA, Hein DW, Svensson CK. Bioactivation, protein haptenation, and toxicity of sulfamethoxazole and dapsone in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006; 215:158-67. [PMID: 16603214 PMCID: PMC1615915 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Revised: 02/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous drug reactions (CDRs) associated with sulfonamides are believed to be mediated through the formation of reactive metabolites that result in cellular toxicity and protein haptenation. We evaluated the bioactivation and toxicity of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and dapsone (DDS) in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). Incubation of cells with DDS or its metabolite (D-NOH) resulted in protein haptenation readily detected by confocal microscopy and ELISA. While the metabolite of SMX (S-NOH) haptenated intracellular proteins, adducts were not evident in incubations with SMX. Cells expressed abundant N-acetyltransferase-1 (NAT1) mRNA and activity, but little NAT2 mRNA or activity. Neither NAT1 nor NAT2 protein was detected. Incubation of NHDF with S-NOH or D-NOH increased reactive oxygen species formation and reduced glutathione content. NHDF were less susceptible to the cytotoxic effect of S-NOH and D-NOH than are keratinocytes. Our studies provide the novel observation that NHDF are able to acetylate both arylamine compounds and bioactivate the sulfone DDS, giving rise to haptenated proteins. The reactive metabolites of SMX and DDS also provoke oxidative stress in these cells in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Further work is needed to determine the role of the observed toxicity in mediating CDRs observed with these agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payal Bhaiya
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Piyush M. Vyas
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Mark A. Doll
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - David W. Hein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Craig K. Svensson
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wolkenstein P, Loriot MA, Flahault A, Cadilhac M, Caumes E, Eliaszewicz M, Beaune P, Roujeau JC, Chosidow O. Association analysis of drug metabolizing enzyme gene polymorphisms in AIDS patients with cutaneous reactions to sulfonamides. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 125:1080-2. [PMID: 16297214 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Vyas PM, Roychowdhury S, Woster PM, Svensson CK. Reactive oxygen species generation and its role in the differential cytotoxicity of the arylhydroxylamine metabolites of sulfamethoxazole and dapsone in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 70:275-86. [PMID: 15894292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2005] [Revised: 04/20/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous drug reactions (CDR) are responsible for numerous minor to life-threatening complications. Though the exact mechanism for CDR is not completely understood, evidence suggests that bioactivation of drugs to reactive oxygen or nitrogen species is an important factor in the initiation of these reactions. Several CDR-inducing drugs having an arylamine functional group, such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and dapsone (DDS), undergo bioactivation to reactive arylhydroxylamine metabolites. These metabolites can generate cellular oxidative stress by forming reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several studies have demonstrated a higher cytotoxicity with DDS hydroxylamine (DDS-NOH) compared to SMX hydroxylamine (SMX-NOH). To investigate the role of differential ROS generation in the higher cytotoxicity of DDS-NOH, hydroxylamine metabolites of SMX and DDS were synthesized and ROS formation by these metabolites determined. DDS-NOH and its analogues/metabolites consistently resulted in higher ROS formation as compared to SMX-NOH. However, comparison of the ROS generation and cytotoxicity of a series of arylhydroxylamine analogues of DDS did not support a simple correlation between ROS generation and cell death. Numerous ROS scavengers were found to reduce metabolite-induced ROS formation, with differences in the potency between the agents. The decrease in DDS-NOH-induced ROS generation in NHEK with ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, Trolox, and melatonin was 87, 86, 44, and 16%, respectively. Similarly, the cytotoxicity and adduct formation of DDS-NOH in NHEK was reduced in the presence of ascorbic acid. In summary, these studies show that arylhydroxylamine metabolites of SMX/DDS induce ROS generation in NHEK, though such generation is not directly related to cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush M Vyas
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, 115 S. Grand Avenue, S213 PHAR, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Arylamines and heterocyclic arylamines (HAAs) are of particular interest because of demonstrated carcinogenicity in animals and humans and the broad exposure to many of these compounds. The activation of these, and also some arylamine drugs, involves N-hydroxylation, usually by cytochrome P450 (P450). P450 1A2 plays a prominent role in these reactions. However, P450 1A1 and 1B1 and other P450s are also important in humans as well as experimental animals. Some arylamines (including drugs) are N-hydroxylated predominantly by P450s other than those in Family 1. Other oxygenases can also have roles. An important issue is extrapolation between species in predicting cancer risks, as shown by the low rates of HAA activation by rat P450 1A2 and low levels of P450 1A2 expression in some nonhuman primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghak Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Roychowdhury S, Vyas PM, Reilly TP, Gaspari AA, Svensson CK. Characterization of the Formation and Localization of Sulfamethoxazole and Dapsone-Associated Drug-Protein Adducts in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 314:43-52. [PMID: 15784651 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.086009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonamide- and sulfone-induced hypersensitivity reactions are thought to be mediated through bioactivation of parent drug molecule(s) to their respective reactive metabolite(s). Recent studies have demonstrated that keratinocytes can bioactivate sulfonamides and sulfones. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hapten-specific rabbit antisera developed in our laboratory, we found that incubation of either normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) or an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) with sulfamethoxazole (SMX) or dapsone (DDS) resulted in the formation of drug/metabolite protein adducts. The formation of these adducts with SMX was increased in the presence of ascorbic acid, whereas N-acetylcysteine decreased adduct formation with both SMX and DDS. Adduct formation was confirmed using confocal microscopy when NHEKs were incubated with SMX, DDS, or their respective arylhydroxylamine metabolites. Cellular distribution of adducts was compared in permeable versus nonpermeable NHEKs. Exposure to SMX, DDS, or dapsone hydroxylamine resulted in the formation of intracellular adducts, whereas SMX hydroxylamine also resulted in the presence of adducts on the cell surface. In summary, our work shows that keratinocytes can bioactivate SMX/DDS to form drug-protein adducts, which may be acquired by antigen-presenting cells upon keratinocyte cell death, evoking an immune response. In addition, keratinocytes may themselves present antigen to hapten-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Furthermore, our results also suggest that different sulfonamides/sulfones may have different protein targets for in situ haptenation in keratinocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, 115 South Grand Avenue, S213 PHAR, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|