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Synergic Effect of Honey with Other Natural Agents in Developing Efficient Wound Dressings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010034. [PMID: 36670896 PMCID: PMC9854511 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey has been used for therapeutic and nutritional purposes since ancient times. It was considered one of the essential medical assets in wound healing. According to research, honeybees have significant antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and wound-healing properties. Lately, scientific researchers have focused on apitherapy, using bee products to protect and strengthen the immune system. Since honey is the most important natural product rich in minerals, proteins, and vitamins, it has been intensively used in such therapies. Honey has gained significant consideration because of the beneficial role of its antioxidant compounds, such as enzymes, proteins, amino and organic acids, polyphenols, and carotenoids, but mainly due to flavonoids and phenolic acids. It has been proven that phenolic compounds are responsible for honey's biological activity and that its physicochemical properties, antioxidants, and antimicrobial potential are significant for human health. The review also presents some mechanisms of action and the medical applications of honey, such as wound healing dressings, skin grafts, honey-based nanofibers, and cochlear implants, as the most promising wound healing tools. This extensive review has been written to highlight honey's applications in medicine; its composition with the most important bioactive compounds also illustrates its synergistic effect with other natural products having remarkable therapeutic properties in wound healing.
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Hazardous Chemical Compounds in Cookies: The Role of Sugars and the Kinetics of Their Formation during Baking. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244066. [PMID: 36553808 PMCID: PMC9777895 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Baking goods are an essential part of the diet worldwide and are consumed daily, so they represent ideal foods for vehicle health- and unhealth-promoting substances. This work aimed to study the influence of sugars and baking conditions of cookies on the final levels of the main reported hazardous chemical compounds such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO). The replacement of sucrose with fructose or glucose in the cookies recipe deeply modifies the levels of α-dicarbonyl compounds (DCs), particularly 3-DG, independently of the baking temperature used. A longer baking time, even a few minutes, can drastically modify the HMF level in cookies and the use of fructose or glucose in the recipe seems to ensure the optimal conditions for generating this compound. The use of sucrose is required to keep levels of the hazardous compounds below a few mg/kg. Additionally, the ability to retain water, the titratable acidity and/or the pH of the final products were influenced by the used sugars with effects on the final levels of DCs and HMF. The highest Ea values determined for DCs and HMF formation in the cookies with sucrose suggest that this system requires very high temperatures to increase meaningful levels of these molecules, limiting their accumulation.
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3
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The role of endogenous versus exogenous sources in the exposome of putative genotoxins and consequences for risk assessment. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1297-1352. [PMID: 35249149 PMCID: PMC9013691 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe “totality” of the human exposure is conceived to encompass life-associated endogenous and exogenous aggregate exposures. Process-related contaminants (PRCs) are not only formed in foods by heat processing, but also occur endogenously in the organism as physiological components of energy metabolism, potentially also generated by the human microbiome. To arrive at a comprehensive risk assessment, it is necessary to understand the contribution of in vivo background occurrence as compared to the ingestion from exogenous sources. Hence, this review provides an overview of the knowledge on the contribution of endogenous exposure to the overall exposure to putative genotoxic food contaminants, namely ethanol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acrylamide, acrolein, α,β-unsaturated alkenals, glycation compounds, N-nitroso compounds, ethylene oxide, furans, 2- and 3-MCPD, and glycidyl esters. The evidence discussed herein allows to conclude that endogenous formation of some contaminants appears to contribute substantially to the exposome. This is of critical importance for risk assessment in the cases where endogenous exposure is suspected to outweigh the exogenous one (e.g. formaldehyde and acrolein).
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Monsalve-Atencio R, Montaño DF, Contreras-Calderón J. Molecular imprinting technology and poly (ionic liquid)s: Promising tools with industrial application for the removal of acrylamide and furanic compounds from coffee and other foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6820-6839. [PMID: 35170386 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2038078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Coffee provides to the consumer special sensorial characteristics, can help to prevent diseases, improves physical performance and increases focus. In contrast, coffee consumption supplies a significant source of substances with carcinogenic and genotoxic potential such as furan, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furfural (F), and acrylamide (AA). The present review addresses the issues around the presence of such toxic substances formed in Maillard reaction (MR) during thermal treatments in food processing, from chemical and, toxicological perspectives, occurrences in coffee and other foods processed by heating. In addition, current strategies advantages and disadvantages are presented along with application of molecular imprinting technology (MIT) and poly (ionic liquid) s (PIL) as an alternative to reduce the furan, HMF, F and AA content in coffee and other foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Monsalve-Atencio
- Bioali Research Group, Food Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diego F Montaño
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Pamplona, Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia
| | - José Contreras-Calderón
- Bioali Research Group, Food Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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5
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Ershadi A, Azizi MH, Najafian L. Incorporation of high fructose corn syrup with different fructose levels into biscuit: An assessment of physicochemical and textural properties. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5344-5351. [PMID: 34646506 PMCID: PMC8497837 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of different concentrations of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS, 28%, 44%, 55%) used in biscuit formulation on the hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) acrylamide content, and textural properties were investigated and compared with invert sugar and sucrose-incorporated samples. No significant difference in the chemical composition (moisture, fat, protein, and ash) among different samples was noted based on the results. The highest L* was associated with a control sample containing sugar and invert sugar, although an increase in F55 content decreased the L* value significantly (p < .05). The highest hardness value was correlated with control samples (6.5 N), although the sample with 12.5% F42 and 25% F55 demonstrated lower hardness 6.27 N, and the lowest hardness value (3.97 N) was related to the sample containing 12.5% F42 and 25% F28. The amounts of water activity of all samples were in the range of 0.22 to 0.29, with the highest amount related to the control sample. The SEM images showed a uniform surface with several holes for all the biscuits. The highest and lowest (HMF) levels were related to the samples containing 25% F55 (46.04) and 12.5% F42 with 2.36 ppm. The control sample with the acrylamide amount of 28.50 ppb and the sample containing 12.5% F42 and 25% F55 with the acrylamide amount of 27.33 ppb showed the highest acrylamide content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ershadi
- Department of Food Science and TechnologySari BranchIslamic Azad UniversitySariIran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Azizi
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Leila Najafian
- Department of Food Science and TechnologySari BranchIslamic Azad UniversitySariIran
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6
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Cincotta F, Brighina S, Condurso C, Arena E, Verzera A, Fallico B. Sugars Replacement as a Strategy to Control the Formation of α-Dicarbonyl and Furanic Compounds during Cookie Processing. Foods 2021; 10:2101. [PMID: 34574211 PMCID: PMC8466310 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, several preventive strategies were considered to mitigate the chemical hazard accumulation in food products. This work aimed to study the effect of different sugars on the development of the main chemical hazard in cookies. For this purpose, model biscuits prepared using sucrose, fructose, and glucose were baked at different temperatures (150, 170, and 190 °C) and for different times (from 5 to 45 min), and the levels of α-dicarbonyl compounds, such as 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and furanic aromatic compounds were monitored. The replacement of sucrose in the cookie recipes with monosaccharides had as a consequence the highest accumulation of 3-DG (200-600 times higher), MGO, HMF, and furanic volatile compounds, while the use of sucrose allowed for maintaining the 3-DG, MGO, and HMF levels at less than 10 mg/kg dry matter in cookies for the estimated optimal baking time. Moreover, cookies with sucrose were characterised in terms of volatile compounds, mainly in terms of lipid oxidation products, while cookies with fructose or glucose baked at the highest temperature were characterised almost exclusively by Maillard reaction products, confirming a faster development of this reaction during baking at the studied temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Cincotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (C.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Selina Brighina
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione, Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Concetta Condurso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (C.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Elena Arena
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione, Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Antonella Verzera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (C.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Biagio Fallico
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione, Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.B.); (B.F.)
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Novel metabolomic profile of subjects with non-classic apparent mineralocorticoid excess. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17156. [PMID: 34433879 PMCID: PMC8387493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonclassic apparent mineralocorticoid excess (NC-AME) is proposed as a novel clinical condition with a mild phenotypic spectrum that ranges from normotension to severe hypertension. This condition is mainly characterized by a high serum cortisol to cortisone ratio (F/E) and concomitant low cortisone (E), however further metabolic changes in NC-AME have not been studied. A cross-sectional study was performed in a primary-care cohort of 396 Chilean subjects, which were classified in two groups: NC-AME (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 27). A discovery study based in untargeted metabolomics assay in serum samples from both groups was performed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Global metabolomic variations were assayed by principal component analysis and further compared by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). NC-AME subjects exhibited higher values of blood pressure, fractional excretion of potassium, and lower plasma renin activity and urinary sodium to potassium ratio. Metabolomic analyses showed 36 differentially regulated metabolites between NC-AME and control subjects. A ROC curve analyses identified eight metabolites with high discriminatory capacity between NC-AME and control subjects. Moreover, gamma-l-glutamyl-l-methionine sulfoxide and 5-sulfoxymethylfurfural, exhibited significant association with cortisone, which are potential biomarkers of NC-AME, however further assays should elucidate its biological role in setup and progression of this phenotype.
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Salis S, Spano N, Ciulu M, Floris I, Pilo MI, Sanna G. Electrochemical Determination of the "Furanic Index" in Honey. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144115. [PMID: 34299390 PMCID: PMC8307740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde, better known as hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), is a well-known freshness parameter of honey: although mostly absent in fresh samples, its concentration tends to increase naturally with aging. However, high quantities of HMF are also found in fresh but adulterated samples or honey subjected to thermal or photochemical stresses. In addition, HMF deserves further consideration due to its potential toxic effects on human health. The processes at the origin of HMF formation in honey and in other foods, containing saccharides and proteins—mainly non-enzymatic browning reactions—can also produce other furanic compounds. Among others, 2-furaldehyde (2F) and 2-furoic acid (2FA) are the most abundant in honey, but also their isomers (i.e., 3-furaldehyde, 3F, and 3-furoic acid, 3FA) have been found in it, although in small quantities. A preliminary characterization of HMF, 2F, 2FA, 3F, and 3FA by cyclic voltammetry (CV) led to hypothesizing the possibility of a comprehensive quantitative determination of all these compounds using a simple and accurate square wave voltammetry (SWV) method. Therefore, a new parameter able to provide indications on quality of honey, named “Furanic Index” (FI), was proposed in this contribution, which is based on the simultaneous reduction of all analytes on an Hg electrode to ca. −1.50 V vs. Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). The proposed method, validated, and tested on 10 samples of honeys of different botanical origin and age, is fast and accurate, and, in the case of strawberry tree honey (Arbutus unedo), it highlighted the contribution to the FI of the homogentisic acid (HA), i.e., the chemical marker of the floral origin of this honey, which was quantitatively reduced in the working conditions. Excellent agreement between the SWV and Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) data was observed in all samples considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severyn Salis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Nadia Spano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.I.P.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079-229-569
| | - Marco Ciulu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Ignazio Floris
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia 39/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Maria I. Pilo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.I.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Gavino Sanna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.I.P.); (G.S.)
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Conventional and Organic Honeys as a Source of Water- and Ethanol-Soluble Molecules with Nutritional and Antioxidant Characteristics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123746. [PMID: 34205369 PMCID: PMC8234084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of natural honeybee products (e.g., honey, royal jelly, beeswax, propolis, beevenom and pollen) to the immune system are remarkable, and many of them are involved in the induction of antibody production, maturation of immune cells and stimulation of the immune system. The type of plants in the geographical area, climatic conditions and production method have a significantly influence on the nutritional quality of honey. However, this variability can influence consumer liking by the sensory attributes of the product. The aim of this work was to compare the most popular honeys from Poland in terms of nutritional value, organoleptic properties and antioxidant activity. In the study, five varieties of honey (honeydew, forest, buckwheat, linden and dandelion) from conventional and organic production methods were tested. The nutritional characteristics of honey samples included acidity, content of water, sugars, vitamin C, HMF and phenolics (total and flavonoids), while honey color, taste, aroma and consistency were investigated in the organoleptic characteristics. The antioxidant activity was determined in water- and ethanol-soluble honey extracts using DPPH and ORAC tests. The results showed that organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of popular Polish honeys differ significantly in relation to plant source and production method. The significant effect of honey variety on the content of HMF, saccharose and phenolics, as well as acidity and antioxidant capacity were noted. The impact of variety and variety × production method interaction was significant in the case of the content of vitamin C, glucose and fructose. A visible difference of buckwheat and forest honeys from other samples was observed. The highest content of total phenolics with antioxidant activity based on the SET mechanism was found in buckwheat honeys, while forest honeys were richer in flavonoids.
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Zhou R, Yu J, Li S, Zhang J, Wang C, Zhang L. Vacuum Dehydration: An Excellent Method to Promote the Formation of Amadori Compounds (ACs, N-(1-Deoxy-d-fructos-1-yl)-amino Acid) in Aqueous Models and Tomato Sauce. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14584-14593. [PMID: 33249841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amadori compounds (ACs; N-(1-deoxy-d-fructos-1-yl)-amino acid) are superior flavor precursors and potential functional ingredients in food processing. In this study, vacuum dehydration as an excellent and universal method for the formation of ACs in both simulation systems and food processing was revealed. In total, 12 amino acids referring to all six categories were selected to conduct simulated reactions with glucose in aqueous models. At 90 °C, yields of 11 ACs were significantly increased by vacuum dehydration, reaching 4-198 times compared to a heat sealing reaction in aqueous systems, and formation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) and browning were slower than that by a dry powder reaction. In particular, the yields of Fru-Arg, Fru-His, and Fru-Glu reached 87.03, 90.73, and 89.88 mol %, respectively. The order of promotion effect was acid ACs > basic ACs > unique ACs > polar neutral ACs > aliphatic ACs > aromatic ACs. The excellent effect was mainly attributed to the control of water activity (Aw) and pH, which enabled the models to reach the optimal reaction state quickly by adjusting the vacuum degree at mild temperatures. The method was also applied to AC enrichment in tomato sauce processing; the AC content could rise to 30.72 mg/g, which was more than 17 times than those in samples without vacuum dehydration and two commercial tomato sauces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Food, Shihezi University, Beisi Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P. R. China
| | - Chenqiang Wang
- Technology Center, Xinjiang Guannong Fruit & Antler Group Co., Ltd, No. 48 Tuanjie South Road, Korla City, Xinjiang 841000, P. R. China
| | - Lianfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- College of Food, Shihezi University, Beisi Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P. R. China
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Czerwonka M, Pietrzak-Sajjad R, Bobrowska-Korczak B. Evaluation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content in market milk products. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1135-1144. [PMID: 32427058 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1757162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a cyclic aldehyde formed during non-enzymatic browning reactions. In milk, it is, on the one hand, a contaminant, on the other, a quality indicator. The objective of this study was to evaluate the content and selected factors affecting the concentration of 5-HMF in cows' milk and first infant milk. The content of 5-HMF in market milk varied widely, the average was 54.8 μg L-1 (3.3-136.8). There was no significant difference in the concentration of this contaminant between UHT, HTST pasteurised and micro-filtered milk. It was also shown that the content of lipid components did not affect the concentration and kinetics of the 5-HMF formation in milk subjected to thermal treatment. Lactose-free milk was characterised by a level of this compound much higher than regular products. The 5-HMF average contents in powder cows' milk and first infant milk were respectively 642 and 2315 μg kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Czerwonka
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Pietrzak-Sajjad
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Ou J, Zheng J, Huang J, Ho CT, Ou S. Interaction of Acrylamide, Acrolein, and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural with Amino Acids and DNA. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5039-5048. [PMID: 32275416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide, acrolein, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are food-borne toxicants produced during the thermal processing of food. The α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group or aldehyde group in their structure can react easily with the amino, imino, and thiol groups in amino acids, proteins, and DNA via Michael addition and nucleophilic reactions in food and in vivo. This work reviews the interaction pathways of three toxins with amino acids and the cytotoxicity and changes after the digestion and absorption of the resulting adducts. Their interaction with DNA is also discussed. Amino acids ubiquitously exist in foods and are added as nutrients or used to control these food-borne toxicants. Hence, the interaction widely occurring in foods would greatly increase the internal exposure of these toxins and their derived compounds after food intake. This review aims to encourage further investigation on toxin-derived compounds, including their types, exposure levels, toxicities, and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanying Ou
- Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Food and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Junqing Huang
- Formula-pattern Research Center, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
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13
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Wang C, Liu Z, Hu T, Li Y, Liu R, Zhang J, He H. Potential neurotoxicity of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and its oligomers: widespread substances in carbohydrate-containing foods. Food Funct 2020; 11:4216-4223. [PMID: 32352452 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02526j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is present in numerous carbohydrate-containing consumer products and is readily converted into two oligomers (II and III) by acid-catalyzed transformations. Previous studies have demonstrated various undesirable effects of 5-HMF at relatively high concentrations. In this study, we demonstrate that 5-HMF and its two oligomers exert neurotoxic effects in vivo and in vitro. All three substances blocked the proliferation of PC12 and HT22 cells at the S or G2-M phase in dose- and time-dependent manners. In addition, [Ca2+]i and reactive oxygen species levels were both significantly increased by treatment with these substances at 100 μM, individually, compared with the control group. Although no motor and cognitive deficits are observed, 5-HMF and III can induce anxiety- and depression-like behavior in adolescent mice at administered doses of 0.15 mg kg-1 and 1.5 mg kg-1in vivo, which are close to or less than the reported 24 h dietary intake of 5-HMF in humans. Together, our findings suggest the need for close monitoring of the content of these substances in food, as well as the need for studies on the effects of long-term exposure to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China.
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14
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Choudhary A, Kumar V, Kumar S, Majid I, Aggarwal P, Suri S. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation, occurrence and potential health concerns: recent developments. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1756857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Choudhary
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Ishrat Majid
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Poonam Aggarwal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sheenam Suri
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
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15
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Interaction characterization of 5−hydroxymethyl−2−furaldehyde with human serum albumin: Binding characteristics, conformational change and mechanism. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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16
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Production of prebiotic 6-kestose using Zymomonas mobilis levansucrase in carob molasses and its effect on 5-HMF levels during storage. Food Chem 2019; 297:124897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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17
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Swart E, de Boer TE, Chen G, Vooijs R, van Gestel CAM, van Straalen NM, Roelofs D. Species-specific transcriptomic responses in Daphnia magna exposed to a bio-plastic production intermediate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:399-408. [PMID: 31158668 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a plant-based chemical building block that could potentially substitute petroleum-based equivalents, yet ecotoxicological data of this compound is currently limited. In this study, the effects of HMF on the reproduction and survival of Daphnia magna were assessed through validated ecotoxicological tests. The mechanism of toxicity was determined by analysis of transcriptomic responses induced by exposure to different concentrations of HMF using RNA sequencing. HMF exerted toxicity to D. magna with an EC50 for effects on reproduction of 17.2 mg/l. HMF exposure affected molecular pathways including sugar and polysaccharide metabolism, lipid metabolism, general stress metabolism and red blood cell metabolism, although most molecular pathways affected by HMF exposure were dose specific. Hemoglobin genes, however, responded in a sensitive and dose-related manner. No induction of genes involved in the xenobiotic metabolism or oxidative stress metabolism pathway could be observed, which contrasted earlier observations on transcriptional responses of the terrestrial model Folsomia candida exposed to the same compound in a similar dose. We found 4189 orthologue genes between D. magna and F. candida, yet only twenty-one genes of those orthologues were co-regulated in both species. The contrasting transcriptional responses to the same compound exposed at a similar dose between D. magna and F. candida indicates limited overlap in stress responses among soil and aquatic invertebrates. The dose-related expression of hemoglobin provides further support for using hemoglobin expression as a biomarker for general stress responses in daphnids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmer Swart
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Tjalf E de Boer
- MicroLife Solutions B.V., Science Park 406, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guangquan Chen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Riet Vooijs
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Roelofs
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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18
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Fowble KL, Okuda K, Cody RB, Musah RA. Spatial distributions of furan and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in unroasted and roasted Coffea arabica beans. Food Res Int 2018; 119:725-732. [PMID: 30884709 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, the spatial distributions of the highly volatile compounds furan and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) have been determined in cross sections of green and roasted Coffea arabica beans. The image maps were revealed by laser ablation DART imaging mass spectrometry (LADI-MS). The presence of these compounds was independently confirmed by GC-MS as well as argon DART-MS. Quantification of furan by GC-MS was completed with the final concentrations in roasted and unroasted beans determined to be 96.5 and 4.1 ng/g, respectively. Furan was observed to be distributed throughout the tissue of both green and roasted beans, while HMF was localized to the silver skin in green beans. Following roasting, the appearance of HMF was more diffuse. The implications of the broad distribution of furan on the one hand, and localization of HMF on the other, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Fowble
- University at Albany-State University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Koji Okuda
- JEOL, Inc., 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, MA 01960, USA
| | - Robert B Cody
- JEOL, Inc., 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, MA 01960, USA
| | - Rabi A Musah
- University at Albany-State University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines, acrylamide, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furan, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, acrolein, chloropropanols and chloroesters are generated toxicants formed in some foodstuffs, mainly starchy and protein-rich food during thermal treatment such as frying, roasting and baking. The formation of these chemical compounds is associated with development of aromas, colors and flavors. One of the challenges facing the food industry today is to minimize these toxicants without adversely affecting the positive attributes of thermal processing. To achieve this objective, it is essential to have a detailed understanding of the mechanism of formation of these toxicants in processed foods. All reviewed toxicants in that paper are classified as probable, possible or potential human carcinogens and have been proven to be carcinogenic in animal studies. The purpose of that review is to summarize some of the most frequent occurring heat-generated food toxicants during conventional heating, their metabolism and carcinogenicity. Moreover, conventional and microwave heating were also compared as two different heat treatment methods, especially how they change food chemical composition and which thermal food toxicants are formed during specific method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Koszucka
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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20
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Sadok I, Stachniuk A, Staniszewska M. Developments in the Monitoring of Patulin in Fruits Using Liquid Chromatography: an Overview. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Kobets T, Duan JD, Brunnemann KD, Iatropoulos MJ, Etter S, Hickey C, Smith B, Williams GM. In ovo testing of flavor and fragrance materials in Turkey Egg Genotoxicity Assay (TEGA), comparison of results to in vitro and in vivo data. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 115:228-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Shapla UM, Solayman M, Alam N, Khalil MI, Gan SH. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels in honey and other food products: effects on bees and human health. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:35. [PMID: 29619623 PMCID: PMC5884753 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An organic compound known as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is formed from reducing sugars in honey and various processed foods in acidic environments when they are heated through the Maillard reaction. In addition to processing, storage conditions affect the formation HMF, and HMF has become a suitable indicator of honey quality. HMF is easily absorbed from food through the gastrointestinal tract and, upon being metabolized into different derivatives, is excreted via urine. In addition to exerting detrimental effects (mutagenic, genotoxic, organotoxic and enzyme inhibitory), HMF, which is converted to a non-excretable, genotoxic compound called 5-sulfoxymethylfurfural, is beneficial to human health by providing antioxidative, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypoxic, anti-sickling, and anti-hyperuricemic effects. Therefore, HMF is a neo-forming contaminant that draws great attention from scientists. This review compiles updated information regarding HMF formation, detection procedures, mitigation strategies and effects of HMF on honey bees and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummay Mahfuza Shapla
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Bio-medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Solayman
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Bio-medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh. .,Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, Banani, 1213, Bangladesh.
| | - Nadia Alam
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Md Ibrahim Khalil
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Bio-medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.,School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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23
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Zang Q, Gao Y, Huang L, He J, Lin S, Jin H, Zhang R, Abliz Z. Rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantitative determination of potentially harmful substance 5,5'-oxydimethylenebis (2-furfural) in traditional Chinese medicine injections. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:235-241. [PMID: 29719784 PMCID: PMC5925396 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development and wide application of traditional Chinese medicine injection (TCMI), a number of adverse events of some TCMIs have incessantly been reported and have drawn broad attention in recent years. Establishing effective and practical analytical methods for safety evaluation and quality control of TCMI can help to improve the safety of TCMIs in clinical applications. In this study, a sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of potentially harmful substance 5,5′-oxydimethylenebis (2-furfural, OMBF) in TCMI samples. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 reversed-phase column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 µm) by gradient elution, using methanol–water containing 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. MS/MS detection was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with positive electrospray ionization in the multiple reaction-monitoring mode. The method was sensitive with a limit of quantification of 0.3 ng/mL and linear over the range of 0.3–30 ng/mL (r=0.9998). Intra- and inter-day precision for analyte was <9.52% RSD with recoveries in the range 88.0–109.67% at three concentration levels. The validated method was successfully applied to quantitatively determine the compound OMBF in TCMIs and glucose injections. Our study indicates that this method is simple, sensitive, practicable and reliable, and could be applied for safety evaluation and quality control of TCMIs and glucose injections.
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24
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Audemar M, Atencio-Genes L, Ortiz Mellet C, Jérôme F, Garcia Fernandez JM, De Oliveira Vigier K. Carbon Dioxide as a Traceless Caramelization Promotor: Preparation of Prebiotic Difructose Dianhydrides (DFAs)-Enriched Caramels from d-Fructose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6093-6099. [PMID: 28557424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of a concentrated solution of d-fructose with carbonic acid, generated from carbon dioxide, induces the formation of difructose dianhydrides (DFAs) and their glycosylated derivatives (glycosyl-DFAs), a family of prebiotic oligosaccharides. Under optimized conditions, up to 70% of the active DFA species were obtained from a highly concentrated solution of fructose, avoiding the filtration step and contamination risk associated with the current procedures that employ heterogeneous catalysis with acid ion-exchange resins. The optimized CO2-promoted preparation of DFA-enriched caramel described here has been already successfully scaled up to 150 kg of d-fructose for nutritional studies, showing that implementation of this process is possible at a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Audemar
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, ENSIP, B1 , 1 rue Marcel Doré TSA 41105, 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Loyda Atencio-Genes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Quı́micas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla , Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de Sevilla , Profesor Garcı́a González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - François Jérôme
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, ENSIP, B1 , 1 rue Marcel Doré TSA 41105, 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France
| | - José Manuel Garcia Fernandez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Quı́micas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla , Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Karine De Oliveira Vigier
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, ENSIP, B1 , 1 rue Marcel Doré TSA 41105, 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France
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25
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26
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Zhang Y, An X. Inhibitory mechanism of quercetin against the formation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde in buckwheat flour bread by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2017; 95:68-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Nguyen HT, van der Fels-Klerx HJI, van Boekel MAJS. Acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural formation during biscuit baking. Part II: Effect of the ratio of reducing sugars and asparagine. Food Chem 2017; 230:14-23. [PMID: 28407894 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation during biscuit baking. Four types of wheat flour with different molar ratios of total fructose and glucose to asparagine were investigated. Nevertheless, the molar ratio in all four biscuit doughs exceeded one after proofing due to enzyme action. Data obtained after baking were used to develop a mechanistic model, based on the asparagine-related pathway, for acrylamide and HMF formation in the four baked biscuit types. Asparagine reacted with fructose to form a Schiff base before decarboxylation to produce acrylamide without Amadori rearrangement product and sugar fragmentation. Fructose contributed considerably to acrylamide formation and to HMF formation via caramelization in all four biscuit types. No clear correlation was found between acrylamide and HMF in baked biscuits, nor between asparagine and the sum of glucose and fructose concentrations in the wheat flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha T Nguyen
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M A J S van Boekel
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Pastoriza de la Cueva S, Álvarez J, Végvári Á, Montilla-Gómez J, Cruz-López O, Delgado-Andrade C, Rufián-Henares JA. Relationship between HMF intake and SMF formation in vivo: An animal and human study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27800655 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a furanic compound produced in heat-processed foods by nonenzymatic browning reactions. HMF has been demonstrated to be hepato- and nephrotoxic in animals with a link to its metabolite 5-sulfooxymethylfurfural (SMF). To date little is known about either the formation of SMF from ingested HMF or the formation of DNA adducts in animals or human beings. METHODS AND RESULTS To assess SMF in vivo formation, we first performed a study in mice treated with high/low doses of oral HMF. We found increased concentrations of SMF in plasma and DNA SMF-adducts in leukocytes, hepatic tissue, and kidneys by means of LC-MS/MS, but no spatial formation in such tissues was observed by MALDI-MS imaging technology due to low sensitivity. In a second experiment, we measured the exposure to HMF in a Spanish preadolescent population. We analyzed the concentration of HMF metabolites (plasma, urine) and measured, for the first time, the presence of SMF in plasma and DNA SMF-adducts in leukocytes. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence that oral HMF is readily transformed into SMF in vivo, giving rise to the formation of DNA adducts in a direct relation with HMF intake, both in animals and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juana Álvarez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Javier Montilla-Gómez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Cruz-López
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Delgado-Andrade
- Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica de la Nutrición Animal, Estación Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - José A Rufián-Henares
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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29
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Hemeryck LY, Vanhaecke L. Diet-related DNA adduct formation in relation to carcinogenesis. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:475-89. [PMID: 27330144 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human diet contributes significantly to the initiation and promotion of carcinogenesis. It has become clear that the human diet contains several groups of natural foodborne chemicals that are at least in part responsible for the genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic potential of certain foodstuffs. Electrophilic chemicals are prone to attack nucleophilic sites in DNA, resulting in the formation of altered nucleobases, also known as DNA adducts. Since DNA adduct formation is believed to signal the onset of chemically induced carcinogenesis, the DNA adduct-inducing potential of certain foodstuffs has been investigated to gain more insight into diet-related pathways of carcinogenesis. Many studies have investigated diet-related DNA adduct formation. This review summarizes work on known or suspected dietary carcinogens and the role of DNA adduct formation in hypothesized carcinogenesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselot Y Hemeryck
- L.Y. Hemeryck and L. Vanhaecke are with the Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- L.Y. Hemeryck and L. Vanhaecke are with the Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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30
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Nguyen HT, Van der Fels-Klerx H(I, Peters RJ, Van Boekel MA. Acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural formation during baking of biscuits: Part I: Effects of sugar type. Food Chem 2016; 192:575-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Ghodke PP, Gore KR, Harikrishna S, Samanta B, Kottur J, Nair DT, Pradeepkumar PI. The N(2)-Furfuryl-deoxyguanosine Adduct Does Not Alter the Structure of B-DNA. J Org Chem 2016; 81:502-11. [PMID: 26650891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N(2)-Furfuryl-deoxyguanosine (fdG) is carcinogenic DNA adduct that originates from furfuryl alcohol. It is also a stable structural mimic of the damage induced by the nitrofurazone family of antibiotics. For the structural and functional studies of this model N(2)-dG adduct, reliable and rapid access to fdG-modified DNAs are warranted. Toward this end, here we report the synthesis of fdG-modified DNAs using phosphoramidite chemistry involving only three steps. The functional integrity of the modified DNA has been verified by primer extension studies with DNA polymerases I and IV from E. coli. Introduction of fdG into a DNA duplex decreases the Tm by ∼1.6 °C/modification. Molecular dynamics simulations of a DNA duplex bearing the fdG adduct revealed that though the overall B-DNA structure is maintained, this lesion can disrupt W-C H-bonding, stacking interactions, and minor groove hydrations to some extent at the modified site, and these effects lead to slight variations in the local base pair parameters. Overall, our studies show that fdG is tolerated at the minor groove of the DNA to a better extent compared with other bulky DNA damages, and this property will make it difficult for the DNA repair pathways to detect this adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha P Ghodke
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Kiran R Gore
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai-400076, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai , Mumbai-400098, India
| | - S Harikrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Biswajit Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Jithesh Kottur
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Third Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, India.,Manipal University, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Deepak T Nair
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Third Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, India.,National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS-TIFR), GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore-560065, India
| | - P I Pradeepkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai-400076, India
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32
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Zhang Z, Zou Y, Wu T, Huang C, Pei K, Zhang G, Lin X, Bai W, Ou S. Chlorogenic acid increased 5-hydroxymethylfurfural formation when heating fructose alone or with aspartic acid at two pH levels. Food Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Zeng Z, Ma J, Liu B, Jiang H. Amino acid-catalyzed formation of 2-vinylfuran from lipid-derived 4-oxo-2-hexenal. Food Chem 2015; 188:591-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Sachse B, Meinl W, Glatt H, Monien BH. Conversion of Suspected Food Carcinogen 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural by Sulfotransferases and Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Postmitochondrial Tissue Preparations of Humans, Mice, and Rats. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:192-201. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Høie AH, Svendsen C, Brunborg G, Glatt H, Alexander J, Meinl W, Husøy T. Genotoxicity of three food processing contaminants in transgenic mice expressing human sulfotransferases 1A1 and 1A2 as assessed by the in vivo alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:709-14. [PMID: 26270892 PMCID: PMC5042101 DOI: 10.1002/em.21963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The food processing contaminants 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 2,5 dimethylfuran (DMF) are potentially both mutagenic and carcinogenic in vitro and/or in vivo, although data on DMF is lacking. The PHIP metabolite N-hydroxy-PhIP and HMF are bioactivated by sulfotransferases (SULTs). The substrate specificity and tissue distribution of SULTs differs between species. A single oral dose of PhIP, HMF or DMF was administered to wild-type (wt) mice and mice expressing human SULT1A1/1A2 (hSULT mice). DNA damage was studied using the in vivo alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay. No effects were detected in wt mice. In the hSULT mice, PhIP and HMF exposure increased the levels of DNA damage in the liver and kidney, respectively. DMF was not found to be genotoxic. The observation of increased DNA damage in hSULT mice compared with wt mice supports the role of human SULTs in the bioactivation of N-hydroxy-PhIP and HMF in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hortemo Høie
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental MedicineNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Camilla Svendsen
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental MedicineNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Division of Environmental MedicineNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Hansruedi Glatt
- Department of Nutritional ToxicologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrückeNuthetalGermany
- Department of Food SafetyFederal Institute for Risk AssessmentBerlinGermany
| | - Jan Alexander
- Office of the Director‐GeneralNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Walter Meinl
- Department of Nutritional ToxicologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrückeNuthetalGermany
| | - Trine Husøy
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental MedicineNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
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Zou Y, Huang C, Pei K, Cai Y, Zhang G, Hu C, Ou S. Cysteine alone or in combination with glycine simultaneously reduced the contents of acrylamide and hydroxymethylfurfural. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gao W, Qi LW, Liu CC, Wang R, Li P, Yang H. An improved method for the determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in Shenfu injection by direct analysis in real time-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2015. [PMID: 26197974 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source provides the great possibility for rapid analysis of hazardous substance in drugs. DART mass spectrometry (DART-MS) enabled the conducting of a fast and non-contact analysis of various samples, including solid or liquid ones, without complex sample preparation or chromatographic separation. In this study, a modified DART-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART-QTOF-MS) method was developed for identification and determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in Shenfu (SF) injection. The quantitative transfer of sample solution was introduced to the glass tips of DIP-it sampler at a fixed volume, which significantly increases the repeatability and accuracy of analytical results. The protonated ion of dibutyl phthalate in the atmosphere was used as the reference mass for TOF-MS recalibration during the data acquisition for constant high accuracy mass measurements. Finally, the developed DART-MS method was used to determine 5-HMF in seven batches of SF injection, and the contents of 5-HMF were not higher than 100 µg/mL. The results obtained were further confirmed by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QQQ-MS). The overall results demonstrated that the DART-QTOF-MS method could be applied as an alternative technique for rapid monitoring 5-HMF in herbal medicine injection. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Charles C Liu
- ASPEC Technologies Limited, Room 1506, RunFengDeShang Bldg A. No.60 An Li Lu, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Aguilar K, Garvin A, Azuara E, Ibarz A. Modelling of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural photo-degradation by UV irradiation. Influence of temperature and pH. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Monien BH, Schumacher F, Herrmann K, Glatt H, Turesky RJ, Chesné C. Simultaneous detection of multiple DNA adducts in human lung samples by isotope-dilution UPLC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2014; 87:641-8. [PMID: 25423194 PMCID: PMC4287830 DOI: 10.1021/ac503803m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Recent studies have demonstrated
that various DNA adducts can be
detected in human tissues and fluids using liquid chromatography connected
to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). However, the utility of a
single DNA adduct as a biomarker in risk assessment is debatable because
humans are exposed to many genotoxicants. We established a method
to measure DNA adducts derived from 16 ubiquitous genotoxicants and
developed an analytical technique for their simultaneous quantification
by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS. Methods for
the enrichment of the analytes from DNA hydrolysates and chromatographic
separation preceding mass spectrometric analysis were optimized, and
the resultant technique was used for the simultaneous analysis of
the 16 DNA adducts in human lung biopsy specimens. Eleven adducts
(formed by benzo[a]pyrene, 1-methylpyrene, 4-aminobiphenyl,
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine,
1-methoxy-3-indolylmethylglucosinolate, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and
malondialdehyde) were not detected in any tissue sample (limits of
detection: 0.02–7.1 adducts/108 nucleosides). 3,N4-etheno-2′-deoxycytidine and 1,N6-etheno-2′-deoxyadenosine, formed from
2,3-epoxyaldehydes of endogenous lipid peroxidation products, were
present in all subjects (16.9–115.3 and 27.2–179/108 nucleosides, respectively). The same was true for N2-(trans-methylisoeugenol-3′-yl)-2′-deoxyguanosine,
the major adduct of methyleugenol (1.7–23.7/108 nucleosides).
A minor adduct of methyleugenol and two adducts of furfuryl alcohol
were detected in several pulmonary specimens. Taken together, we developed
a targeted approach for the simultaneous mass spectrometric analyses
of 16 DNA adducts, which can be easily extended by adducts formed
from other mutagens. The method allowed one to detect adducts of furfuryl
alcohol and methyleugenol in samples of human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard H Monien
- Research Group Genotoxic Food Contaminants, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) , 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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Bioactivation of food genotoxicants 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfuryl alcohol by sulfotransferases from human, mouse and rat: a comparative study. Arch Toxicol 2014; 90:137-48. [PMID: 25370010 PMCID: PMC4710668 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfuryl alcohol (FFA) are moderately potent rodent carcinogens that are present in thermally processed foodstuffs. The carcinogenic effects were hypothesized to originate from sulfotransferase (SULT)-mediated bioactivation yielding DNA-reactive and mutagenic sulfate esters, a confirmed metabolic pathway of HMF and FFA in mice. It is known that orthologous SULT forms substantially differ in substrate specificity and tissue distribution. This could influence HMF- and FFA-induced carcinogenic effects. Here, we studied HMF and FFA sulfoconjugation by 30 individual SULT forms of humans, mice and rats. The catalytic efficiencies (kcat/KM) of HMF sulfoconjugation of human SULT1A1 (13.7 s−1 M−1), mouse Sult1a1 (15.8 s−1 M−1) and 1d1 (4.8 s−1 M−1) and rat Sult1a1 (5.3 s−1 M−1) were considerably higher than those of all other SULT forms investigated (≤0.73 s−1 M−1). FFA sulfoconjugation was monitored using adenosine as a nucleophilic scavenger for the reactive 2-sulfoxymethylfuran (t1/2 = 20 s at 37 °C). The resulting adduct N6-((furan-2-yl)methyl)-adenosine (N6-MF-A) was quantified by isotope-dilution UPLC-MS/MS. The rates of N6-MF-A formation showed that hSULT1A1 and its orthologues in mice and rats were also the most important contributors to FFA sulfoconjugation in each of the species. Taken together, the catalytic capacity of hSULT1A1 is comparable to that of mSult1a1 in mice, the species in which carcinogenic effects of HMF and FFA were detected. This is of primary concern due to the expression of hSULT1A1 in many different tissues.
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Tan XL, Zhang YH, Cai JP, Zhu LH, Ge WJ, Zhang X. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde Inhibits Adipogenic and Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucommiae Cortex (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver Bark) has been used for anti-osteoporosis usually as an ethnic drug for hundred years in China. In this study, a bioactive compound, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), was isolated from Eucommiae Cortex. We found that after rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) were induced by 5-HMF at the concentration of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 μg/mL in the normal medium for 7 and 14 days, the mRNA expression of ALP, COLlαl (7 days only), OCN and OPN increased. However, in the adipogenic induction medium (AIM), the mRNA expression of PPARγ, FABP4, C/EBPα and LPL decreased with the 5-HMF treatment. Mineralized nodule formations were enhanced after bMSCs were induced by 5-HMF for 14 and 21 days in normal medium. In the AIM medium, 5-HMF not only inhibited the formation of adipose cells obviously, but also stimulated the mineralized nodule formation after induced for 21 days. These results indicated that 5-HMF was a powerful inhibitor of adipogenesis and enhancer of osteoblastogenesis. It may be one of the constituents contributing to anti-osteoporosis in Eucommiae Cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-ling Tan
- Life Science School, No.9 Seyuan Rd, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China, 226019
| | - Yan-Hong Zhang
- Life Science School, No.9 Seyuan Rd, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China, 226019
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- Orthopaedics, 33 Houxixi, Wuxi Chinese Troditional Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China, 214001
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Orthopaedics, 33 Houxixi, Wuxi Chinese Troditional Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China, 214001
| | - Wen-Jie Ge
- Orthopaedics, 33 Houxixi, Wuxi Chinese Troditional Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China, 214001
| | - Xian Zhang
- Orthopaedics, 33 Houxixi, Wuxi Chinese Troditional Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China, 214001
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Monien BH. Mass Spectrometric DNA Adduct Quantification by Multiple Reaction Monitoring and Its Future Use for the Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 806:383-97. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06068-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Zirbes L, Nguyen BK, de Graaf DC, De Meulenaer B, Reybroeck W, Haubruge E, Saegerman C. Hydroxymethylfurfural: a possible emergent cause of honey bee mortality? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11865-70. [PMID: 24127696 DOI: 10.1021/jf403280n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a common product of hexose degradation occurring during the Maillard reaction and caramelization, has been found toxic for rats and mice. It could cause a potential health risk for humans due to its presence in many foods, sometimes exceeding 1 g/kg (in certain dried fruits and caramel products), although the latter still is controversial. HMF can also be consumed by honey bees through bad production batches of sugar syrups that are offered as winter feeding. In Belgium, abnormal losses of honey bee colonies were observed in colonies that were fed with syrup of inverted beet sugar containing high concentrations of HMF (up to 475 mg/kg). These losses suggest that HMF could be implicated in bee mortality, a topic that so far has received only little attention. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the presence of HMF in honey bee environment and possible consequences on bee mortality. Some lines of inquiry for further toxicological analysis are likewise proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Zirbes
- Unit of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech , Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Anese M, Manzocco L, Calligaris S, Nicoli MC. Industrially applicable strategies for mitigating acrylamide, furan, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in food. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10209-14. [PMID: 23627283 DOI: 10.1021/jf305085r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide and furanic compounds, such as furan and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), are formed in a variety of heat-treated commercial foods. They are known to be toxic and, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, "possibly carcinogenic to humans". As this gave rise to concern, research was carried out to study their metabolism and toxicity and elucidate the mechanistic pathways of formation. So far, many papers have been published on acrylamide, furan, and HMF occurrence, precursors and mechanisms of formation, toxicity, and detection methods, as well as on possible routes to reduce their levels in food and, thus, consumer intake. This paper reviews the interventions suggested in the literature to mitigate the presence of acrylamide and furanic compounds in food. In particular, some technological measures potentially exploitable at the industrial level are discussed extensively. These are (i) preventive strategies based on the use of asparaginase and thermal input reduction (i.e., low temperature-long time dehydration; dielectric heating) and (ii) removal intervention by means of vacuum treatment, aimed to remove the already formed acrylamide and furanic compounds from the finished product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Anese
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, University of Udine , via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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van Putten RJ, van der Waal JC, de Jong E, Rasrendra CB, Heeres HJ, de Vries JG. Hydroxymethylfurfural, A Versatile Platform Chemical Made from Renewable Resources. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1499-597. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300182k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2009] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Jan van Putten
- Avantium Chemicals, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ed de Jong
- Avantium Chemicals, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carolus B. Rasrendra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Hero J. Heeres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. de Vries
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
- DSM Innovative Synthesis BV, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, the Netherlands
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Optimized enzymatic hydrolysis of DNA for LC-MS/MS analyses of adducts of 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate and methyleugenol. Anal Biochem 2012; 434:4-11. [PMID: 23142629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric analyses of DNA adducts usually require enzymatic digestion of the DNA to nucleosides. The digestive enzymes used in our laboratory included a calf spleen phosphodiesterase, whose marketing was stopped recently. Using DNA adducted with bioactivated methyleugenol and 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate-each forming dA and dG adducts-we demonstrate that replacement of calf spleen phosphodiesterase (Merck) with bovine spleen phosphodiesterase (Sigma-Aldrich) leads to unchanged results. Enzyme levels used for DNA digestion are extremely variable in different studies. Therefore, we sequentially varied the level of each of the three enzymes used. All dose (enzyme)-response (adduct level) curves involved a long plateau starting below the enzyme levels employed previously. Thus, we could reduce the amounts of micrococcal nuclease, phosphodiesterase, and alkaline phosphatase for quantitative DNA digestion by factors of 4, 2, and 333, respectively, compared to our previous protocols. Moreover, we observed significant phosphatase activity of both phosphodiesterase preparations used, which may affect the recovery of adducts with methods requiring digestion to 2'-deoxynucleoside-3'-monophosphates (e.g., (32)P-postlabeling). In addition, the phosphodiesterase from Sigma-Aldrich, but not that from Merck, deaminated dA. This was irrelevant for the dA adducts studied, involving bonding at N(6), but might complicate the analysis of other dA adducts.
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