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Virk RK, Garla R, Kaushal N, Bansal MP, Garg ML, Mohanty BP. The relevance of arsenic speciation analysis in health & medicine. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137735. [PMID: 36603678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Long term exposure to arsenic through consumption of contaminated groundwater has been a global issue since the last five decades; while from an alternate standpoint, arsenic compounds have emerged as unparallel chemotherapeutic drugs. This review highlights the contribution from arsenic speciation studies that have played a pivotal role in the progression of our understanding of the biological behaviour of arsenic in humans. We also discuss the limitations of the speciation studies and their association with the interpretation of arsenic metabolism. Chromatographic separation followed by spectroscopic detection as well as the utilization of biotinylated pull-down assays, protein microarray and radiolabelled arsenic have been instrumental in identifying hundreds of metabolic arsenic conjugates, while, computational modelling has predicted thousands of them. However, these species exhibit a variegated pattern, which supports more than one hypothesis for the metabolic pathway of arsenic. Thus, the arsenic species are yet to be integrated into a coherent mechanistic pathway depicting its chemicobiological fate. Novel biorelevant arsenic species have been identified due to significant evolution in experimental methodologies. However, these methods are specific for the identification of only a group of arsenicals sharing similar physiochemical properties; and may not be applicable to other constituents of the vast spectrum of arsenic species. Consequently, the identity of arsenic binding partners in vivo and the sequence of events in arsenic metabolism are still elusive. This resonates the need for additional focus on the extraction and characterization of both low and high molecular weight arsenicals in a combinative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbinder K Virk
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Roobee Garla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Naveen Kaushal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Mohinder P Bansal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Mohan L Garg
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Biraja P Mohanty
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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2
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Advances in glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) inhibitors for cancer therapy. Invest New Drugs 2021; 40:370-388. [PMID: 34837604 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog/Glioma-associated oncogene homolog (HH/GLI) signaling pathway regulates self-renewal of rare and highly malignant cancer stem cells, which have been shown to account for the initiation and maintenance of tumor growth as well as for drug resistance, metastatic spread and relapse. As an important component of the Hh signaling pathway, glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) acts as a key signal transmission hub for various signaling pathways in many tumors. Here, we review direct and indirect inhibitors of GLI; summarize the abundant active structurally diverse natural GLI inhibitors; and discuss how to better develop and utilize GLI inhibitors to solve the problem of drug resistance in tumors of interest. In summary, GLI inhibitors will be promising candidates for various cancer treatments.
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Farkhondeh T, Naseri K, Esform A, Aramjoo H, Naghizadeh A. Drinking water heavy metal toxicity and chronic kidney diseases: a systematic review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:359-366. [PMID: 33128529 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals in drinking water can threat human health and may induce several diseases. The association between heavy metals exposure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been indicated by few epidemiological studies. We conducted a systematic review of the epidemiologic publications of the association between exposure to heavy metals through drinking water and CKD. Keywords related to heavy metals and kidney diseases on MeSH were identified and searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Ovid-Medline and Web of Science until July 2020. 14 publications met our inclusion criteria and included in the current review. The included articles were conducted on the association between arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium in drinking water and CKD. Our study could not find strong evidence between heavy exposure to through drinking water and CKD, except for arsenic. The negative association was found between arsenic and lead and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The positive correlation was observed between cadmium exposure and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) concentrations, and also arsenic and chromium exposure and kidney injury molecule (KIM-1). Assessment of studies showed an association between arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium and albuminuria and proteinuria, without CKD outcomes. Current systematic study showed few evidence for exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium through drinking water and incidence of kidney problems. However, more epidemiological studies are required to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Kobra Naseri
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Adeleh Esform
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Hamed Aramjoo
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Naghizadeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Dai J, Chen C, Gao AX, Tang Z, Kopittke PM, Zhao FJ, Wang P. Dynamics of Dimethylated Monothioarsenate (DMMTA) in Paddy Soils and Its Accumulation in Rice Grains. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8665-8674. [PMID: 34110124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic species transformation in paddy soils has important implications for arsenic accumulation in rice grains and its safety to the consumers. Methylated thioarsenates including highly toxic dimethylated monothioarsenate (DMMTA) have been detected in paddy soils, but their production and dynamics remain poorly understood. In the present study, we first optimized a HPLC-ICP-MS method to quantify methylated thioarsenate species. Using this method together with 10 mM diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) to preserve As speciation, we investigated methylated thioarsenate species in porewaters of seven As-contaminated soils incubated under flooded conditions and of two paddy fields. DMMTA was the main methylated thioarsenate species in the porewaters in both incubated soils and paddy fields, with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 36.2 μg/L and representing ca. 58% of its precursor dimethylarsenate (DMA). The temporal production and dynamics of DMMTA were linked with the DMA concentrations. When soils were drained, DMMTA was converted to DMA. In the two paddy fields, DMMTA concentrations in rice grains were 0.4-10.1 μg/kg. Addition of sulfur fertilizer and rice straw incorporation increased grain DMMTA by 9-28%. These results suggest that DMMTA is an important As species in paddy soils and can accumulate in rice grains, presenting a risk to food safety and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - A-Xiang Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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5
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Liamtsau V, Fan C, Liu G, McGoron AJ, Cai Y. Speciation of thioarsenicals through application of coffee ring effect on gold nanofilm and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1106:88-95. [PMID: 32145859 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Thioarsenicals, such as dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTAV) and dimethyldithioarsinic acid (DMDTAV), have been increasingly discovered as important arsenic metabolites, yet analysis of these unstable arsenic species remains a challenging task. A method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection in combination with the coffee ringeffect for separation is expected to be particularly useful for analysis of thioarsenicals, thanks to minimal sample pretreatment and unique fingerprint Raman identification. Such a method would offer an alternative approach that overcomes limitations of conventional arsenic speciation techniques based on high performance liquid chromatography separation and mass spectrometry detection. A novel analytical method based on combination of the coffee ringeffect and SERS was developed for the speciation of thiolated arsenicals. A gold nanofilm (AuNF) was employed not only as a SERS substrate, but also as a platform for the separation of thioarsenicals. Once a drop of the thioarsenicals solution was placed onto the AuNF and evaporation of the solvent and the ring stamp formation onto AuNF began, the SERS signal intensity substantially increased from center to edge regions of the evaporated droplet due to the presence of the coffee ring effect. Through calculating the pKa's of DMMTAV and DMDTAV and accordingly manipulating the chemical environment, separation of these thioarsenicals was realized as they travelled different distances during the development of the coffee ring. The migration distances of individual species were influenced by a radial outward flow of a solute, the thioarsenicals-AuNF interactions and a thermally induced Marangoni flow. The separation of DMMTAV (center) and DMDTAV (edge) on the coffee ring, in combination with fingerprint SERS spectra, enables the identification of these thioarsenicals by this AuNF-based coffee ring effect-SERS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Liamtsau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 11200 SW 8th ST, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Changjun Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 11200 SW 8th ST, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 11200 SW 8th ST, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Anthony J McGoron
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2442, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 11200 SW 8th ST, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Southwest Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th ST, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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6
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Fan C, Liu G, Long Y, Rosen B, Cai Y. Thiolation in arsenic metabolism: a chemical perspective. Metallomics 2019; 10:1368-1382. [PMID: 30207373 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00231b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, methylated thioarsenicals have been widely detected in various biological and environmental matrices, suggesting their broad involvement and biological importance in arsenic metabolism. However, very little is known about the formation mechanism of methylated thioarsenicals and the relation between arsenic methylation and thiolation processes. It is timely and necessary to summarize and synthesize the reported information on thiolated arsenicals for an improved understanding of arsenic thiolation. To this end, we examined the proposed formation pathways of methylated oxoarsenicals and thioarsenicals from a chemical perspective and proposed a novel arsenic metabolic scheme, in which arsenic thiolation is integrated with methylation (instead of being separated from methylation as currently reported). We suggest in the new scheme that protein-bound pentavalent arsenicals are critical intermediates that connect methylation and thiolation, with protein binding of pentavalent methylated thioarsenical being a key step for arsenic thiolation. This informative review on arsenic thiolation from the chemical perspective will be helpful to better understand the arsenic metabolism at the molecular level and the toxicological effects of arsenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Fan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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Shimoda Y, Kato K, Asami S, Kurita M, Kurosawa H, Toriyama M, Miura M, Hata A, Endo Y, Endo G, An Y, Yamanaka K. Differences in apoptotic signaling and toxicity between dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTA V) and its active metabolite, dimethylarsinous acid (DMA III), in HepaRG cells: Possibility of apoptosis cascade based on diversity of active metabolites of DMMTA V. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:188-197. [PMID: 30262279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylmonothioarsinical acid (DMMTAV), a metabolite of arsenosugars (AsSug) and arsenolipids (AsLP), which are major organoarsenicals contained in seafoods, has been a focus of our attention due to its toxicity. It has been reported that the toxicity of DMMTAV differs according to the host cell type and that dimethylarsinous acid (DMAIII), which is a higher active metabolite of inorganic and organo arsenic compounds, may be the ultimate substance. To further elucidate the details of the mechanisms of DMMTAV, we carried out toxicological characterization by comparing DMMTAV and DMAIII using HepaRG cells, which are terminally differentiated hepatic cells derived from a human hepatic progenitor cell line that retains many characteristics, e.g, primary human hepatocytes including the morphology and expression of key metabolic enzymes (P450 s and GSTs, etc.) and complete expression of all nuclear receptors. HepaRG cells were induced to undergo differentiation by DMSO, which result red in increased levels of metabolic enzymes such as P450 and GST, in non-differentiated cells the cellular toxicities of DMMTAV and DMAIII were reduced and the induction of toxicity by DMMTAV was increased by GSH but not by DMAIII. Both DMAIII and DMMTAV induce apoptosis and increase caspase 3/7 activity. DMAIII exposure increased the activity of caspase-9. On the contrary, DMMTAV exposure resulted in markedly elevated activity of caspase-8 as well as caspase-9. These results suggest there are differences between the signaling pathways of apoptosis in DMAIII and DMMTAV and that between their active metabolites. Consequently, the ultimate metabolic substance of toxicity induction of DMMTAV may not only be DMAIII, but may also be partly due to other metabolic substances produced through the activation mechanism by GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Shimoda
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Satoru Asami
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurita
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kurosawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan; Criminal Investigation Laboratory, Metropolitan Police Department, Tokyo 100-8929, Japan
| | - Masaharu Toriyama
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Motofumi Miura
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Akihisa Hata
- Department of Medical Risk Management, Graduate School of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of Science, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Yoko Endo
- Endo Occupational Health Consultant Office, Osaka 534-0027, Japan
| | - Ginji Endo
- Osaka Occupational Health Service Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Osaka 550-0001, Japan
| | - Yan An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Kenzo Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan.
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8
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Herath I, Vithanage M, Seneweera S, Bundschuh J. Thiolated arsenic in natural systems: What is current, what is new and what needs to be known. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 115:370-386. [PMID: 29705693 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thiolated arsenic compounds are the sulfur analogous substructures of oxo-arsenicals as the arsinoyl (As = O) is substituted by an arsinothioyl (As = S) group. Relatively brief history of thioarsenic research, mostly in the current decade has endeavored to understand their consequences in the natural environment. However, thioarsenic related aspects have by far not attached much research concern on global scale compared to other arsenic species. This review attempts to provide a critical overview for the first time on formation mechanisms of thioarsenicals, their chemistry, speciation and analytical methodologies in order to provide a rational assessment of what is new, what is current, what needs to be known or what should be done in future research. Thioarsenic compounds play a vital role in determining the biogeochemistry of arsenic in sulfidic environments under reducing conditions. Thioarsenic species are widely immobilized by naturally occurring processes such as the adsorption on iron (oxyhydr)oxides and precipitation on iron sulfide minerals. Accurate measurement of thioarsenic species is a challenging task due to their instability upon pH, temperature, redox potential, and concentrations of oxygen, sulfur and iron. Assessment of direct and indirect effects of toxic thioarsenic species on global population those who frequently get exposed to high levels of arsenic is an urgent necessity. Dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTAV) is the most cytotoxic arsenic metabolite having similar toxicological effects as dimethylarsinous acid (DMAIII) in human and animal tissues. The formation and chemical analysis of thioarsenicals in soil and sediments are highly unknown. Therefore, future research needs to be more inclined towards in determining the molecular structure of unknown thioarsenic complexes in various environmental suites. Contemporary approaches hyphenated to existing technologies would pave the way to overcome critical challenges of thioarsenic speciation such as standards synthesis, structural determination, quantification and sample preservation in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indika Herath
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, 4350 Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- International Centre for Applied Climate Science, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Saman Seneweera
- Plant Stress Biology Research Group, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, 4350 Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, 4350 Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
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9
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Janesko BG, Li L, Mensing R. Quantum Chemical Fragment Precursor Tests: Accelerating de novo annotation of tandem mass spectra. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 995:52-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Orr SE, Bridges CC. Chronic Kidney Disease and Exposure to Nephrotoxic Metals. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051039. [PMID: 28498320 PMCID: PMC5454951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common progressive disease that is typically characterized by the permanent loss of functional nephrons. As injured nephrons become sclerotic and die, the remaining healthy nephrons undergo numerous structural, molecular, and functional changes in an attempt to compensate for the loss of diseased nephrons. These compensatory changes enable the kidney to maintain fluid and solute homeostasis until approximately 75% of nephrons are lost. As CKD continues to progress, glomerular filtration rate decreases, and remaining nephrons are unable to effectively eliminate metabolic wastes and environmental toxicants from the body. This inability may enhance mortality and/or morbidity of an individual. Environmental toxicants of particular concern are arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. Since these metals are present throughout the environment and exposure to one or more of these metals is unavoidable, it is important that the way in which these metals are handled by target organs in normal and disease states is understood completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Orr
- Mercer University School of Medicine, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, 1550 College St., Macon, GA 31207, USA.
| | - Christy C Bridges
- Mercer University School of Medicine, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, 1550 College St., Macon, GA 31207, USA.
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Pharmacodynamics of S-dimethylarsino-glutathione, a putative metabolic intermediate of inorganic arsenic, in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 126:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Sun Y, Liu G, Cai Y. Thiolated arsenicals in arsenic metabolism: Occurrence, formation, and biological implications. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 49:59-73. [PMID: 28007180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a notoriously toxic pollutant of health concern worldwide with potential risk of cancer induction, but meanwhile it is used as medicines for the treatment of different conditions including hematological cancers. Arsenic can undergo extensive metabolism in biological systems, and both toxicological and therapeutic effects of arsenic compounds are closely related to their metabolism. Recent studies have identified methylated thioarsenicals as a new class of arsenic metabolites in biological systems after exposure of inorganic and organic arsenicals, including arsenite, dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV), dimethylarsinous glutathione (DMAIIIGS), and arsenosugars. The increasing detection of thiolated arsenicals, including monomethylmonothioarsonic acid (MMMTAV), dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTAV) and its glutathione conjugate (DMMTAVGS), and dimethyldithioarsinic acid (DMDTAV) suggests that thioarsenicals may be important metabolites and play important roles in arsenic toxicity and therapeutic effects. Here we summarized the reported occurrence of thioarsenicals in biological systems, the possible formation pathways of thioarsenicals, and their toxicity, and discussed the biological implications of thioarsenicals on arsenic metabolism, toxicity, and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Sun
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yong Cai
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry&Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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Roggenbeck BA, Banerjee M, Leslie EM. Cellular arsenic transport pathways in mammals. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 49:38-58. [PMID: 28007179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural contamination of drinking water with arsenic results in the exposure of millions of people world-wide to unacceptable levels of this metalloid. This is a serious global health problem because arsenic is a Group 1 (proven) human carcinogen and chronic exposure is known to cause skin, lung, and bladder tumors. Furthermore, arsenic exposure can result in a myriad of other adverse health effects including diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, reproductive, and endocrine systems. In addition to chronic environmental exposure to arsenic, arsenic trioxide is approved for the clinical treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, and is in clinical trials for other hematological malignancies as well as solid tumors. Considerable inter-individual variability in susceptibility to arsenic-induced disease and toxicity exists, and the reasons for such differences are incompletely understood. Transport pathways that influence the cellular uptake and export of arsenic contribute to regulating its cellular, tissue, and ultimately body levels. In the current review, membrane proteins (including phosphate transporters, aquaglyceroporin channels, solute carrier proteins, and ATP-binding cassette transporters) shown experimentally to contribute to the passage of inorganic, methylated, and/or glutathionylated arsenic species across cellular membranes are discussed. Furthermore, what is known about arsenic transporters in organs involved in absorption, distribution, and metabolism and how transport pathways contribute to arsenic elimination are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Roggenbeck
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Mayukh Banerjee
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Elaine M Leslie
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada; Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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Stice S, Liu G, Matulis S, Boise LH, Cai Y. Determination of multiple human arsenic metabolites employing high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1009-1010:55-65. [PMID: 26708625 PMCID: PMC4748725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
During the metabolism of different arsenic-containing compounds in human, a variety of metabolites are produced with significantly varying toxicities. Currently available analytical methods can only detect a limited number of human metabolites in biological samples during one run due to their diverse characteristics. In addition, co-elution of species is often unnoticeable with most detection techniques leading to inaccurate metabolic profiles and assessment of toxicity. A high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) method was developed that can identify thirteen common arsenic metabolites possibly present in human with special attention dedicated to thiolated or thiol conjugated arsenicals. The thirteen species included in this study are arsenite (As(III)), arsino-glutathione (As(GS)3), arsenate (As(V)), monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)), monomethylarsino-glutathione (MMA(III)(GS) 2), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)), dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III) (from DMA(III)I)), S-(dimethylarsinic)cysteine (DMA(III) (Cys)), dimethylarsino-glutathione (DMA(III)(GS)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)), dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTA(V)), dimethyldithioarsinic acid (DMDTA(V)), dimethylarsinothioyl glutathione (DMMTA(V)(GS)). The developed method was applied for the analysis of cancer cells that were incubated with darinaparsin (DMA(III)(GS)), a novel chemotherapeutic agent for refractory malignancies, and the arsenic metabolic profile obtained was compared to results using a previously developed method. This method provides a useful analytical tool which is much needed in unequivocally identifying the arsenicals formed during the metabolism of environmental arsenic exposure or therapeutic arsenic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabina Stice
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, FL International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, FL International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Shannon Matulis
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Lawrence H Boise
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, FL International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, United States; Southeast Environmental Research Center, FL International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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Kurosawa H, Shimoda Y, Miura M, Kato K, Yamanaka K, Hata A, Yamano Y, Endo Y, Endo G. A novel metabolic activation associated with glutathione in dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTA(V))-induced toxicity obtained from in vitro reaction of DMMTA(V) with glutathione. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 33:87-94. [PMID: 26653748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the metabolic processing of dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTA(V)), which is a metabolite of inorganic arsenic and has received a great deal of attention recently due to its high toxicity. The metabolites produced from an in vitro reaction with GSH were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometer (HPLC-TOFMS), HPLC with a photodiode array detector (PDA), and also gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC with a flame photometric detector (FPD). The reaction of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) with GSH did not generate DMA(V)-SG but did generate dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) or DMA(III)-SG. On the contrary, we confirmed that the reaction of DMMTA(V) with GSH directly produced the stable complex of DMMTA(V)-SG without reduction through a trivalent dimethylated arsenic such as DMA(III) and DMA(III)-SG. Furthermore, the present study suggests the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and dimethylmercaptoarsine (DMA(III)-SH), a trivalent dimethylated arsenic, as well as DMA(III) and DMA(III)-SG in the decomposition process of DMMTA(V)-SG. These results indicate that the toxicity of DMMTA(V) depends not only on the formation of DMA(III) but also on at least those of H2S and DMA(III)-SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Kurosawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan; Criminal Investigation Laboratory, Metropolitan Police Department, Tokyo 100-8929, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Shimoda
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Motofumi Miura
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan.
| | - Akihisa Hata
- Department of Medical Risk Management, Graduate School of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of Science, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamano
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoko Endo
- Research Center for Occupational Poisoning, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
| | - Ginji Endo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Shimoda Y, Kurosawa H, Kato K, Endo Y, Yamanaka K, Endo G. Proposal for novel metabolic pathway of highly toxic dimethylated arsenics accompanied by enzymatic sulfuration, desulfuration and oxidation. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 30:129-36. [PMID: 25559201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has concluded that dimethylarsinic acid [(CH3)2AsO(OH), DMA(V)], a main metabolite of inorganic arsenic, is responsible for carcinogenesis in urinary bladder and lung in rodents, and various modes of carcinogenic action have been proposed. One theory concerning the mode of action is that the biotransformation of dimethylarsinous acid [(CH3)2AsOH, DMA(III)] from DMA(V) plays an important role in the carcinogenesis by way of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, dimethylmonothioarsinic acid [(CH3)2AsS(OH), DMMTA(V)], a metabolite of DMA(V), has also been noted because of its higher toxicity. However, the metabolic mechanisms of formation and disappearance of DMA(III) and DMMTA(V), and their toxicity are not fully understood. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to clarify the mechanism of metabolic formation of DMMTA(V) and DMA(V) from DMA(III). The in vitro transformation of arsenicals by treatment with liver homogenate from rodents and sulfur transferase was detected by HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-tandem MS. DMMTA(V) is produced from DMA(III) but not DMA(V) by cellular fractions from mouse liver homogenates and by rhodanese from bovine liver in the presence of thiosulfate, a sulfur donor. Not only DMMTA(V) thus produced but also DMA(III) are re-converted into DMA(V) by an in vitro addition of S9 mix. These findings indicate that the metabolic process not only of DMA(III) to DMA(V) or DMMTA(V) but also of DMMTA(V) to DMA(V) consists of a complicated mode of interaction between monooxygenase including cytochrome P450 (CYP) and/or sulfur transferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Shimoda
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kurosawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yoko Endo
- Research Center for Occupational Poisoning, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan.
| | - Ginji Endo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Wang QQ, Thomas DJ, Naranmandura H. Importance of being thiomethylated: formation, fate, and effects of methylated thioarsenicals. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:281-9. [PMID: 25531277 DOI: 10.1021/tx500464t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although inorganic arsenic has long been recognized as a potent toxicant and carcinogen in humans, recent evidence shows that at least some of its effects are mediated by methylated metabolites. Elucidating the conversion of inorganic arsenic to mono-, di-, and trimethylated species has provided insights into the enzymology of this pathway and identified genetic and environmental factors that influence the susceptibility of individuals to this metalloid's adverse health effects. Notably, almost all work on the formation, fate, and effects of methylated arsenicals has focused on oxoarsenicals in which arsenic is bound to one or more oxygen atoms. However, thioarsenicals are a class of arsenicals in which a sulfur atom has replaced one or more oxygens that are bound to arsenic. Thioarsenicals have been identified as urinary metabolites in humans and other animals following exposure to inorganic arsenic. Studies find that methylated thioarsenicals exhibit kinetic behavior and toxicological properties that distinguish them from methylated oxoarsenicals. This perspective considers that formation, fate, and effects of methylated thioarsenicals with an emphasis on examining the linkages between the molecular processes that underlie both methylation and thiolation reactions. Integrating this information will provide a more comprehensive view of the relationship between the metabolism of arsenic and the risk posed by chronic exposure to this environmental contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qian Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, ‡College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
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