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Gu C, Fan X, Yu W. Functional Diversity of Mammalian Small Heat Shock Proteins: A Review. Cells 2023; 12:1947. [PMID: 37566026 PMCID: PMC10417760 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), whose molecular weight ranges from 12∼43 kDa, are members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family that are widely found in all organisms. As intracellular stress resistance molecules, sHSPs play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the intracellular environment under various stressful conditions. A total of 10 sHSPs have been identified in mammals, sharing conserved α-crystal domains combined with variable N-terminal and C-terminal regions. Unlike large-molecular-weight HSP, sHSPs prevent substrate protein aggregation through an ATP-independent mechanism. In addition to chaperone activity, sHSPs were also shown to suppress apoptosis, ferroptosis, and senescence, promote autophagy, regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, maintain membrane stability, control the direction of cellular differentiation, modulate angiogenesis, and spermatogenesis, as well as attenuate the inflammatory response and reduce oxidative damage. Phosphorylation is the most significant post-translational modification of sHSPs and is usually an indicator of their activation. Furthermore, abnormalities in sHSPs often lead to aggregation of substrate proteins and dysfunction of client proteins, resulting in disease. This paper reviews the various biological functions of sHSPs in mammals, emphasizing the roles of different sHSPs in specific cellular activities. In addition, we discuss the effect of phosphorylation on the function of sHSPs and the association between sHSPs and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoguang Gu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No.2 Road, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinyi Fan
- Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada
| | - Wei Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No.2 Road, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Kim J, Ji S, Lee JY, Lorquin J, Orlikova-Boyer B, Cerella C, Mazumder A, Muller F, Dicato M, Detournay O, Diederich M. Marine Polyether Phycotoxin Palytoxin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death via Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 Downregulation. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040233. [PMID: 37103372 PMCID: PMC10143546 DOI: 10.3390/md21040233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Palytoxin is considered one of the most potent biotoxins. As palytoxin-induced cancer cell death mechanisms remain to be elucidated, we investigated this effect on various leukemia and solid tumor cell lines at low picomolar concentrations. As palytoxin did not affect the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors and did not create systemic toxicity in zebrafish, we confirmed excellent differential toxicity. Cell death was characterized by a multi-parametric approach involving the detection of nuclear condensation and caspase activation assays. zVAD-sensitive apoptotic cell death was concomitant with a dose-dependent downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL. Proteasome inhibitor MG-132 prevented the proteolysis of Mcl-1, whereas the three major proteasomal enzymatic activities were upregulated by palytoxin. Palytoxin-induced dephosphorylation of Bcl-2 further exacerbated the proapoptotic effect of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL degradation in a range of leukemia cell lines. As okadaic acid rescued cell death triggered by palytoxin, protein phosphatase (PP)2A was involved in Bcl-2 dephosphorylation and induction of apoptosis by palytoxin. At a translational level, palytoxin abrogated the colony formation capacity of leukemia cell types. Moreover, palytoxin abrogated tumor formation in a zebrafish xenograft assay at concentrations between 10 and 30 pM. Altogether, we provide evidence of the role of palytoxin as a very potent and promising anti-leukemic agent, acting at low picomolar concentrations in cellulo and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08626, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08626, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08626, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean Lorquin
- Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanologie, 163 Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Barbora Orlikova-Boyer
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08626, Republic of Korea
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), BAM3 Pavillon 2, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Claudia Cerella
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08626, Republic of Korea
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), BAM3 Pavillon 2, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Aloran Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08626, Republic of Korea
| | - Florian Muller
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), BAM3 Pavillon 2, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), BAM3 Pavillon 2, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier Detournay
- Planktovie SAS, 45 Rue Frédéric Joliot Curie, CEDEX 13, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08626, Republic of Korea
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Small Heat Shock Proteins in Cancers: Functions and Therapeutic Potential for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186611. [PMID: 32927696 PMCID: PMC7555140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are ubiquitous ATP-independent chaperones that play essential roles in response to cellular stresses and protein homeostasis. Investigations of sHSPs reveal that sHSPs are ubiquitously expressed in numerous types of tumors, and their expression is closely associated with cancer progression. sHSPs have been suggested to control a diverse range of cancer functions, including tumorigenesis, cell growth, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemoresistance, as well as regulation of cancer stem cell properties. Recent advances in the field indicate that some sHSPs have been validated as a powerful target in cancer therapy. In this review, we present and highlight current understanding, recent progress, and future challenges of sHSPs in cancer development and therapy.
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