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Goel KK, Rajput SK, Kumar A, Nandi NK, Joshi G, Kharb R. Imidazoquinoxaline as a Privileged Fused Pharmacophore in Anticancer Drug Development: A Review of Synthetic Strategies and Medicinal Aspects. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Kumar Goel
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to be University) Haridwar 249404 India
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy Amity University Noida Uttar Pradesh 201301 India
| | - Satyendra Kumar Rajput
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to be University) Haridwar 249404 India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to be University) Haridwar 249404 India
| | - Nilay Kumar Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan G.T Road, Moga Punjab India- 142001
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- School of Pharmacy Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun 248002 India
| | - Rajeev Kharb
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy Amity University Noida Uttar Pradesh 201301 India
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Reng Q, Zhu LL, Feng L, Li YJ, Zhu YX, Wang TT, Jiang F. Dietary meat mutagens intake and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:962688. [PMID: 36211500 PMCID: PMC9537819 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.962688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical and preclinical studies suggested that certain mutagens occurring as a reaction of creatine, amino acids, and sugar during the high temperature of cooking meat are involved in the pathogenesis of human cancer. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether meat mutagens [PhIP, MeIQx, DiMeIQx, total HCA, and B(a)P] present a risk factor for human cancer. Methods We searched the following databases for relevant articles published from inception to 10 Oct 2021 with no language restrictions: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Baidu Academic, Zhejiang Digital Library. Two independent researchers screened all titles and obtained eligible texts for further screening. Independent data extraction was conducted, and meta-analysis was carried out using random-effects models to calculate the risk ratio of the meat mutagens exposure. Results A total of 1,786,410 participants and 70,653 cancer cases were identified. Among these, there were 12 different types of cancer at various sites, i.e., breast, bladder, colorectal, colon, rectum, prostate, lung, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, kidney, gastric, esophagus, pancreatic, hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer risk was significantly increased by intake of PhIP (OR = 1.13;95% CI 1.07–1.21; p < 0.001), MeIQx (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.07–1.21; p < 0.001), DiMeIQx (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01–1.13; p = 0.013), total HCA (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03–1.38; p = 0.016), and cancer risk was not significantly increased by intake of B(a)P (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.98–1.10; p = 0.206). Conclusion Meat mutagens of PhIP, MeIQx, DiMeIQx, and total HCA have a positive association with the risk of cancer. Systematic review registration [www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42022148856].
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Heterocyclic amines in cooked meat products, shortcomings during evaluation, factors influencing formation, risk assessment and mitigation strategies. Meat Sci 2021; 184:108693. [PMID: 34775303 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
At this point in time, the evidence of a link between well-done meat intake and the incidence of cancer is stronger than it was 20 years ago. Several cohort and case-control studies have confirmed this evidence, and have shown a higher odd ratio and increased exposure to heterocyclic amines (HCAs) among those who frequently consume red meat. However, in most epidemiological studies, dietary assessment, combined with analytical data, is used to estimate the intake of HCAs, which has many inconsistencies. In addition, there is a lack of findings indicating a substantial correlation between various factors, like types of raw meat, types of meat products, and cooking methods that directly or indirectly influence the occurrence of cancer. Although numerous mitigation strategies have been developed to reduce HCAs levels in meat, there is still a high prevalence of carcinogenesis caused by HCAs in humans. The aim of this review is to summarise conflicting reports, address shortcomings and identify emerging trends of cutting-edge research related to HCAs.
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Nohmi T, Watanabe M. Mutagenicity of carcinogenic heterocyclic amines in Salmonella typhimurium YG strains and transgenic rodents including gpt delta. Genes Environ 2021; 43:38. [PMID: 34526143 PMCID: PMC8444484 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical carcinogens to humans have been usually identified by epidemiological studies on the relationships between occupational or environmental exposure to the agents and specific cancer induction. In contrast, carcinogenic heterocyclic amines were identified under the principle that mutagens in bacterial in the Ames test are possible human carcinogens. In the 1970s to 1990s, more than 10 heterocyclic amines were isolated from pyrolysates of amino acids, proteins, meat or fish as mutagens in the Ames test, and they were demonstrated as carcinogens in rodents. In the 1980s and 1990s, we have developed derivatives of the Ames tester strains that overexpressed acetyltransferase of Salmonella typhimurium. These strains such as Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 exhibited a high sensitivity to the mutagenicity of the carcinogenic heterocyclic amines. Because of the high sensitivity, YG1024 and other YG strains were used for various purposes, e.g., identification of novel heterocyclic amines, mechanisms of metabolic activation, comparison of mutagenic potencies of various heterocyclic amines, and the co-mutagenic effects. In the 1990s and 2000s, we developed transgenic mice and rats for the detection of mutagenicity of chemicals in vivo. The transgenics were generated by the introduction of reporter genes for mutations into fertilized eggs of mice and rats. We named the transgenics as gpt delta because the gpt gene of Escherichia coli was used for detection of point mutations such as base substitutions and frameshifts and the red/gam genes of λ phage were employed to detect deletion mutations. The transgenic rodents gpt delta and other transgenics with lacI or lacZ as reporter genes have been utilized for characterization of mutagenicity of heterocyclic amines in vivo. In this review, we summarized the in vitro mutagenicity of heterocyclic amines in Salmonella typhimurium YG strains and the in vivo mutagenicity in transgenic rodents. We discussed the relationships between in vitro and in vivo mutagenicity of the heterocyclic amines and their relations to the carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Nohmi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501 Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516 Japan
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Bellamri M, Walmsley SJ, Turesky RJ. Metabolism and biomarkers of heterocyclic aromatic amines in humans. Genes Environ 2021; 43:29. [PMID: 34271992 PMCID: PMC8284014 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) form during the high-temperature cooking of meats, poultry, and fish. Some HAAs also arise during the combustion of tobacco. HAAs are multisite carcinogens in rodents, inducing cancer of the liver, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, mammary, and prostate glands. HAAs undergo metabolic activation by N-hydroxylation of the exocyclic amine groups to produce the proposed reactive intermediate, the heteroaryl nitrenium ion, which is the critical metabolite implicated in DNA damage and genotoxicity. Humans efficiently convert HAAs to these reactive intermediates, resulting in HAA protein and DNA adduct formation. Some epidemiologic studies have reported an association between frequent consumption of well-done cooked meats and elevated cancer risk of the colorectum, pancreas, and prostate. However, other studies have reported no associations between cooked meat and these cancer sites. A significant limitation in epidemiology studies assessing the role of HAAs and cooked meat in cancer risk is their reliance on food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) to gauge HAA exposure. FFQs are problematic because of limitations in self-reported dietary history accuracy, and estimating HAA intake formed in cooked meats at the parts-per-billion level is challenging. There is a critical need to establish long-lived biomarkers of HAAs for implementation in molecular epidemiology studies designed to assess the role of HAAs in health risk. This review article highlights the mechanisms of HAA formation, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, the metabolism of several prominent HAAs, and the impact of critical xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes on biological effects. The analytical approaches that have successfully biomonitored HAAs and their biomarkers for molecular epidemiology studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Scott J Walmsley
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Institute of Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Wang B, Li H, Huang Z, Kong B, Liu Q, Wang H, Xu M, Xia X. Dynamic changes in the qualities and heterocyclic aromatic amines of roasted pork induced by frying temperature and time. Meat Sci 2021; 176:108457. [PMID: 33618127 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different frying temperatures (150, 175, 200, 225 and 250 °C) and times (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 min) on yield, shear force, color and sensory characteristics, and heterocyclic aromatic amine (HAA) contents of roasted pork were investigated. The results showed significant decreases in yield, shear force and L* and increases in a*, b* and the amounts of HAA of roasted pork with increased frying temperature and time (P < 0.05). The highest score of overall acceptability in crispy and darker roast pork fried at 225 °C for 1 min was obtained. However, the principal component analysis demonstrated that higher HAA contents of roasted pork under high frying temperature (225-250 °C) and long frying time (2-2.5 min) occurred. Considering the various qualities and the amounts of HAA, frying roasted pork at 175 °C for 1.5-2 min was the most suitable condition for preparing roasted pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Haijing Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Zhibo Huang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Baohua Kong
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Shimadzu (China) CO.LTD, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiufang Xia
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China.
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Dao HV, Nguyen TTM, Tran HH, Dang LT, Dinh MT, Le NT. A Case-Control Study of Meat Mutagens and Colorectal Cancers in Viet Nam. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2217-2223. [PMID: 32856847 PMCID: PMC7771947 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.8.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim was to examine the association between heterocyclic amines 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo pyridine (PhIP) and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Viet Nam. Methods: We performed a case-control study for 512 colorectal cancer patients with the histopathological confirmation and 1,096 hospital controls. We collected information on lifestyle, diet, and cooking methods from participants by trained interviewers using the validated questionnaires. We used data of PhIP concentration in cooked beef analyzed by the LC/MS/MS and cooking questionnaire to estimate the daily intake of PhIP. We divided the estimated amount of PhIP (ng/person/day) into three levels of non-intake (the reference), medium, and high to estimate the Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (OR, 95%CI). Results: The median intake of PhIP (ng/person/day) was 18ng and 102.8ng for medium and high PhIP intake, respectively. There was a significant association between PhIP intake and the risk of colorectal cancer. The adjusted OR (95%C), high intake vs. non-intake, were 4.89 (3.03, 7.89), p_trend<0.01 for all participants, for men OR (95%C): 5.27 (2.83, 9.81), p_trend<0.01, for women OR (95%C): 4.58 (2.10, 10.01), p_trend<0.01. The significant positive association was also observed for the sub-sites of the colon (proximal and distant) and rectum cancers. Conclusions: We observed the positive association of PhIP contributed from cooked-beef and the development of CRC. Cooking methods related to the occurrence of PhIP and other types of heterocyclic amines in cooked-beef and other meats would be significant investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tu Thi Minh Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Linh Thuy Dang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Ngoan Tran Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam.,Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
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Yan Y, Zhang S, Tao GJ, You FH, Chen J, Zeng MM. Acetonitrile extraction coupled with UHPLC–MS/MS for the accurate quantification of 17 heterocyclic aromatic amines in meat products. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:173-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Exposure to meat-derived carcinogens and bulky DNA adduct levels in normal-appearing colon mucosa. Mutat Res 2017; 821:5-12. [PMID: 28735743 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Meat consumption is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. This research investigated the relationship between meat-derived carcinogen exposure and bulky DNA adduct levels, a biomarker of DNA damage, in colon mucosa. METHODS Least squares regression was used to examine the relationship between meat-derived carcinogen exposure (PhIP and meat mutagenicity) and bulky DNA adduct levels in normal-appearing colon tissue measured using 32P-postlabelling among 202 patients undergoing a screening colonoscopy. Gene-diet interactions between carcinogen exposure and genetic factors relevant to biotransformation and DNA repair were also examined. Genotyping was conducting using the MassARRAY® iPLEX® Gold SNP Genotyping assay. RESULTS PhIP and higher meat mutagenicity exposures were not associated with levels of bulky DNA adducts in colon mucosa. The XPC polymorphism (rs2228001) was found to associate with bulky DNA adduct levels, whereby genotypes conferring lower DNA repair activity were associated with higher DNA adduct levels than the normal activity genotype. Among individuals with genotypes associated with lower DNA repair (XPD, rs13181 and rs1799179) or detoxification activity (GSTP1, rs1695), higher PhIP or meat mutagenicity exposures were associated with higher DNA adduct levels. Significant interactions between the XPC polymorphism (rs2228000) and both dietary PhIP and meat mutagenicity on DNA adduct levels was observed, but associations were inconsistent with the a priori hypothesized direction of effect. CONCLUSION Exposure to meat-derived carcinogens may be associated with increased DNA damage occurring directly in the colon among genetically susceptible individuals.
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Le NT, Michels FAS, Song M, Zhang X, Bernstein AM, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS, Ogino S, Chan AT, Sinha R, Willett WC, Wu K. A Prospective Analysis of Meat Mutagens and Colorectal Cancer in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1529-1536. [PMID: 27105317 PMCID: PMC5047780 DOI: 10.1289/ehp238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in cooked meats may play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. OBJECTIVES We aimed to prospectively examine the association between estimated intakes of HCAs and meat-derived mutagenicity (MDM) in two cohorts of health professionals, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and the Nurses' Health Study (NHS). METHODS In 29,615 men and 65,875 women, intake of the HCAs 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-j)quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline (DiMeIQx), and MDM was estimated using a 1996 cooking questionnaire, the 1994 food frequency questionnaire, and an online database. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and to adjust for potential confounders. Estimates for both cohorts were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Between 1996 and 2010, 418 male and 790 female CRC cases were identified. Meat mutagen intake was not statistically significantly associated with risk of CRC [highest vs. lowest quintile, pooled HR (95% CI) for MeIQx: 1.12 (0.93, 1.34), p for trend 0.23; PhIP: 1.10 (0.90, 1.33), p for trend 0.35; MDM: 1.03 (0.86, 1.24), p for trend 0.75] or subtypes of CRC defined by tumor location (proximal or distal colon, or rectum). When analyzed by source of meat, PhIP from red but not from white meat was nonsignificantly positively associated with CRC and significantly positively associated with proximal cancers [HR (95% CI) per standard deviation increase of log-transformed intake: PhIP red meat: CRC: 1.06 (0.99, 1.12), proximal: 1.11 (1.02, 1.21); PhIP white meat: CRC: 0.99 (0.94, 1.04), proximal: 1.00 (0.93, 1.09)]. CONCLUSIONS Estimated intakes of meat mutagens were not significantly associated with CRC risk over 14 years of follow-up in the NHS and HPFS cohorts. Results for PhIP from red but not from white meat warrant further investigation. CITATION Le NT, Michels FA, Song M, Zhang X, Bernstein AM, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS, Ogino S, Chan AT, Sinha R, Willett WC, Wu K. 2016. A prospective analysis of meat mutagens and colorectal cancer in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Environ Health Perspect 124:1529-1536; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP238.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoan Tran Le
- Department of Occupational Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles S. Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Engel E, Ratel J, Bouhlel J, Planche C, Meurillon M. Novel approaches to improving the chemical safety of the meat chain towards toxicants. Meat Sci 2015; 109:75-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hasnol N, Jinap S, Sanny M. Effect of different types of sugars in a marinating formulation on the formation of heterocyclic amines in grilled chicken. Food Chem 2014; 145:514-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Szterk A, Roszko M, Małek K, Kurek M, Zbieć M, Waszkiewicz-Robak B. Profiles and concentrations of heterocyclic aromatic amines formed in beef during various heat treatments depend on the time of ripening and muscle type. Meat Sci 2012; 92:587-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Turesky RJ, Bessette EE, Dunbar D, Liberman RG, Skipper PL. Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism and DNA binding of 2-amino-1,7-dimethylimidazo[4,5-g]quinoxaline and its carcinogenic isomer 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline in mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:410-21. [PMID: 22118226 PMCID: PMC3531872 DOI: 10.1021/tx2004536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
2-Amino-1,7-dimethylimidazo[4,5-g]quinoxaline (MeIgQx) is a recently discovered heterocyclic aromatic amine (HAA) that is formed during the cooking of meats. MeIgQx is an isomer of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylmidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), a rodent carcinogen and possible human carcinogen that also occurs in cooked meats. MeIgQx is a bacterial mutagen, but knowledge about its metabolism and carcinogenic potential is lacking. Metabolism studies on MeIgQx and MeIQx were conducted with human and mouse liver microsomes, and recombinant human P450s. DNA binding studies were also investigated in mice to ascertain the genotoxic potential of MeIgQx in comparison to MeIQx. Both HAAs underwent comparable rates of N-oxidation to form genotoxic N-hydroxylated metabolites with mouse liver microsomes (0.2-0.3 nmol/min/mg protein). The rate of N-oxidation of MeIQx was 4-fold greater than the rate of N-oxidation of MeIgQx with human liver microsomes (1.7 vs 0.4 nmol/min/mg protein). The rate of N-oxidation, by recombinant human P450 1A2, was comparable for both substrates (6 pmol/min/pmol P450 1A2). MeIgQx also underwent N-oxidation by human P450s 1A1 and 1B1 at appreciable rates, whereas MeIQx was poorly metabolized by these P450s. The potential of MeIgQx and MeIQx to form DNA adducts was assessed in female C57BL/6 mice given [(14)C]-MeIgQx (10 μCi, 9.68 mg/kg body wt) or [(14)C]-MeIQx (10 μCi, 2.13 mg/kg body wt). DNA adduct formation in the liver, pancreas, and colorectum was measured by accelerator mass spectrometry at 4, 24, or 48 h post-treatment. Variable levels of adducts were detected in all organs. The adduct levels were similar for both HAAs, when adjusted for dose, and ranged from 1 to 600 adducts per 10(7) nucleotides per mg/kg dose. Thus, MeIgQx undergoes metabolic activation and binds to DNA at levels that are comparable to MeIQx. Given the high amounts of MeIgQx formed in cooked meats, further investigations are warranted to assess the carcinogenic potential of this HAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Turesky
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health , Albany, New York 12201, United States.
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Alaejos MS, Afonso AM. Factors That Affect the Content of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Foods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gu D, Raymundo MM, Kadlubar FF, Turesky RJ. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for biomonitoring cooked meat carcinogens and their metabolites in human urine. Anal Chem 2010; 83:1093-101. [PMID: 21194225 DOI: 10.1021/ac102918b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cooked meat carcinogens 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), and their principal metabolites produced by cytochrome P450 and/or uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferases were simultaneously measured at the parts per trillion level in urine of omnivores, by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with a Michrom Advance CaptiveSpray source and a triple stage quadrupole mass spectrometer. Quantitation was performed in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The UPLC method is much more rapid and sensitive than our earlier capillary HPLC method: the duty cycle of the UPLC method is 19 min compared to 57 min for capillary HPLC. The performance of the UPLC assay was evaluated with urine samples from three subjects over 4 different days. The intraday and interday precisions of the estimates of PhIP, MeIQx, and their metabolites, reported as the coefficients of variation, were ≤10%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) values for PhIP and MeIQx were about 5 pg/mL, whereas the LOQ values of their metabolites ranged from 10 to 40 pg/mL. Furthermore, the identities of the analytes were corroborated by acquisition of full scan product ion spectra, employing between 0.5 and 5 pg of analyte for assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201, USA
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Cha HJ, Kim NH, Jeong EK, Na YC. Analysis of Heterocyclic Amines in Human Urine Using Multiple Solid-Phase Extraction by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.8.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gu D, McNaughton L, Lemaster D, Lake BG, Gooderham NJ, Kadlubar FF, Turesky RJ. A comprehensive approach to the profiling of the cooked meat carcinogens 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, and their metabolites in human urine. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:788-801. [PMID: 20192249 DOI: 10.1021/tx900436m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A targeted liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics type approach, employing a triple stage quadrupole mass spectrometer in the product ion scan and selected reaction monitoring modes, was established to profile 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), and their principal metabolites in the urine of omnivores. A mixed-mode reverse phase cation exchange resin enrichment procedure was employed to isolate MeIQx and its oxidized metabolites, 2-amino-8-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (8-CH(2)OH-IQx) and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline-8-carboxylic acid (IQx-8-COOH), which are produced by cytochrome P450 1A2 (P450 1A2). The phase II conjugates N(2)-(beta-1-glucosiduronyl)-2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline and N(2)-(3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxalin-2-yl)-sulfamic acid were measured indirectly, following acid hydrolysis to form MeIQx. The enrichment procedure permitted the simultaneous analysis of PhIP, N(2)-(beta-1-glucosidurony1)-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, N3-(beta-1-glucosidurony1)-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-(4'-hydroxy)-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (4'-HO-PhIP), and the isomeric N(2)- and N3-glucuronide conjugates of the carcinogenic metabolite, 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (HONH-PhIP), which is formed by P450 1A2. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for MeIQx, PhIP, and 4'-HO-PhIP was approximately 5 pg/mL; the LOQ values for 8-CH(2)OH-IQx and IQx-8-COOH were, respectively, <15 and <25 pg/mL, and the LOQ values for the glucuronide conjugates of PhIP and HONH-PhIP were 50 pg/mL. The metabolism was extensive; less than 9% of the dose was eliminated in urine as unaltered MeIQx, and <1% was eliminated as unaltered PhIP. Phase II conjugates of the parent amines accounted for up to 12% of the dose of MeIQx and up to 2% of the dose of PhIP. 8-CH(2)OH-IQx and IQx-8-COOH accounted for up to 76% of the dose of MeIQx, and the isomeric glucuronide conjugates of HONH-PhIP accounted for up to 33% of the dose of PhIP that were eliminated in urine within 10 h of meat consumption. P450 1A2 significantly contributes to the metabolism of both HAAs but with marked differences in substrate specificity. P450 1A2 primarily catalyzes the detoxification of MeIQx by oxidation of the 8-methyl group, whereas it catalyzes the bioactivation of PhIP by oxidation of the exocyclic amine group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201, USA
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Sahar A, Portanguen S, Kondjoyan A, Dufour É. Potential of synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics to determine the heterocyclic aromatic amines in grilled meat. Eur Food Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-010-1323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Nishigaki R, Watanabe T, Kajimoto T, Tada A, Takamura-Enya T, Enomoto S, Nukaya H, Terao Y, Muroyama A, Ozeki M, Node M, Hasei T, Totsuka Y, Wakabayashi K. Isolation and Identification of a Novel Aromatic Amine Mutagen Produced by the Maillard Reaction. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:1588-93. [DOI: 10.1021/tx900119j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rena Nishigaki
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Department of Public Health and Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan, and Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Watanabe
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Department of Public Health and Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan, and Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kajimoto
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Department of Public Health and Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan, and Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Atsuko Tada
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Department of Public Health and Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan, and Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takeji Takamura-Enya
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Department of Public Health and Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan, and Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shigeki Enomoto
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Department of Public Health and Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan, and Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Haruo Nukaya
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Department of Public Health and Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan, and Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Terao
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Department of Public Health and Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan, and Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muroyama
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Department of Public Health and Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan, and Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Minoru Ozeki
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Department of Public Health and Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan, and Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Manabu Node
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Department of Public Health and Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan, and Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hasei
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Department of Public Health and Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan, and Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yukari Totsuka
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Department of Public Health and Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan, and Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Keiji Wakabayashi
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Department of Public Health and Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan, and Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Induction of SCEs in CHL cells by dichlorobiphenyl derivative water pollutants, 2-phenylbenzotriazole (PBTA) congeners and river water concentrates. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2009; 678:38-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Khan M, Milà A, Busquets R, Santos F, Puignou L. Preparation and characterisation of fried chicken as a laboratory reference material for the analysis of heterocyclic amines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1997-2002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bessette EE, Goodenough AK, Langouët S, Yasa I, Kozekov ID, Spivack SD, Turesky RJ. Screening for DNA adducts by data-dependent constant neutral loss-triple stage mass spectrometry with a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Anal Chem 2009; 81:809-19. [PMID: 19086795 PMCID: PMC2646368 DOI: 10.1021/ac802096p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A two-dimensional linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (LIT/MS) was employed to simultaneously screen for DNA adducts of environmental, dietary, and endogenous genotoxicants, by data-dependent constant neutral loss scanning followed by triple-stage mass spectrometry (CNL-MS3). The loss of the deoxyribose (dR) from the protonated DNA adducts ([M + H - 116]+) in the MS/MS scan mode triggered the acquisition of MS3 product ion spectra of the aglycone adducts [BH2]+. Five DNA adducts of the tobacco carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) were detected in human hepatocytes treated with 4-ABP, and three DNA adducts of the cooked-meat carcinogen 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) were identified in the livers of rats exposed to MeIQx, by the CNL-MS3 scan mode. Buccal cell DNA from tobacco smokers was screened for DNA adducts of various classes of carcinogens in tobacco smoke including 4-ABP, 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AalphaC), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP); the cooked-meat carcinogens MeIQx, AalphaC, and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylmidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP); and the lipid peroxidation products acrolein (AC) and trans-4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). The CNL-MS3 scanning technique can be used to simultaneously screen for multiple DNA adducts derived from different classes of carcinogens, at levels of adduct modification approaching 1 adduct per 108 unmodified DNA bases, when 10 microg of DNA is employed for the assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Bessette
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
| | - Angela K. Goodenough
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - Sophie Langouët
- INSERM U620, Université de Rennes I, 35043 Rennes, France
- EA SeRAIC, IFR 140, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Isil Yasa
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
| | - Ivan D. Kozekov
- Department of Chemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, and the Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Simon D. Spivack
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
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Busquets R, Mitjans D, Puignou L, Galceran MT. Quantification of heterocyclic amines from thermally processed meats selected from a small-scale population-based study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52:1408-20. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sanz Alaejos M, Ayala J, González V, Afonso A. Analytical methods applied to the determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines in foods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 862:15-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ni W, McNaughton L, LeMaster DM, Sinha R, Turesky RJ. Quantitation of 13 heterocyclic aromatic amines in cooked beef, pork, and chicken by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:68-78. [PMID: 18069786 DOI: 10.1021/jf072461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) were determined, by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), in 26 samples of beef, pork, and chicken cooked to various levels of doneness. The HAAs identified were 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5- f]quinoline, 2-amino-1-methylimidazo[4,5- b]quinoline, 2-amino-1-methylimidazo[4,5- g]quinoxaline (I gQx), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5- f]quinoxaline, 2-amino-1,7-dimethylimidazo[4,5- g]quinoxaline (7-MeI gQx), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5- f]quinoxaline, 2-amino-1,6-dimethyl-furo[3,2- e]imidazo[4,5- b]pyridine, 2-amino-1,6,7-trimethylimidazo[4,5- g]quinoxaline, 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5- f]quinoxaline, 2-amino-1,7,9-trimethylimidazo[4,5- g]quinoxaline, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5- b]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-9 H-pyrido[2,3- b]indole, and 2-amino-3-methyl-9 H-pyrido[2,3- b]indole. The concentrations of these compounds ranged from <0.03 to 305 parts per billion (micrograms per kilogram). PhIP was the most abundant HAA formed in very well done barbecued chicken (up to 305 microg/kg), broiled bacon (16 microg/kg), and pan-fried bacon (4.9 microg/kg). 7-MeI gQx was the most abundant HAA formed in very well done pan-fried beef and steak, and in beef gravy, at concentrations up to 30 microg/kg. Several other linear tricyclic ring HAAs containing the I gQx skeleton are formed at concentrations in cooked meats that are relatively high in comparison to the concentrations of their angular tricyclic ring isomers, the latter of which are known experimental animal carcinogens and potential human carcinogens. The toxicological properties of these recently discovered I gQx derivatives warrant further investigation and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Ni
- Division of Environmental Disease Prevention and Division of Molecular Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
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Turesky RJ. Formation and biochemistry of carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines in cooked meats. Toxicol Lett 2006; 168:219-27. [PMID: 17174486 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heteroyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are a class of hazardous chemicals that are receiving heightened attention as a risk factor for human cancer. HAAs arise during the cooking of meats, fish, and poultry, and several HAAs also occur in tobacco smoke condensate and diesel exhaust. Many HAAs are carcinogenic and induce tumors at multiple sites in rodents. A number of epidemiologic studies have reported that frequent consumption of well-done cooked meats containing HAAs can result in elevated risks for colon, prostate, and mammary cancers. Moreover, DNA adducts of HAAs have been detected in human tissues, demonstrating that HAAs induce genetic damage even though the concentrations of these compounds in cooked meats are generally in the low parts-per-billion (ppb) range. With recent improvements in sensitivity of mass spectrometry instrumentation, HAAs, their metabolites, and DNA adducts can be detected at trace amounts in biological fluids and tissues of humans. The incorporation of HAA biomarkers in epidemologic studies will help to clarify the role of these dietary genotoxicants in the etiology of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Turesky
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA.
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