1
|
Nakagawa S, Shimazaki A, Funakoshi T, Yonezawa A, Kataoka S, Horimatsu T, Hira D, Itohara K, Imai S, Nakagawa T, Matsubara T, Yanagita M, Muto M, Matsubara K, Terada T. Effect of Severe Renal Dysfunction on the Plasma Levels of DNA-Reactive Platinum after Oxaliplatin Administration. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:194-200. [PMID: 36724948 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Higher amounts of circulating ultrafilterable platinum (fPt) are found in patients with renal dysfunction receiving a constant dose of oxaliplatin. However, the increased systemic fPt levels do not increase oxaliplatin-induced toxicities. We hypothesized that renal dysfunction has minimal effect on the elimination rate of reactive fPt, and that the DNA-binding capacity is one of the properties of reactive Pt species. This study aimed to quantify DNA-reactive fPt in plasma and to evaluate the impact of severe renal dysfunction on its pharmacokinetics. The pharmacokinetics of oxaliplatin was assessed in rats with bilateral nephrectomy (BNx) and in a hemodialysis patient who received mFOLFOX7 therapy for advanced metastatic gastric cancer. The platinum concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The amount of DNA-reactive fPt in the plasma was evaluated by the reaction between plasma and calf thymus DNA. Compared to the sham group in rats, the BNx group had significantly higher plasma total fPt concentrations at 24 h after drug administration. However, there was no significant difference in the plasma levels of DNA-reactive fPt between the two groups. In a hemodialysis patient, the plasma levels of total fPt decreased to 35.9 and 7.3% at 2 and 14 d after treatment, respectively. The plasma level of DNA-reactive fPt also decreased to 1.9 and 0.6%, respectively, on these days. This study showed that severe renal dysfunction has a limited effect on the plasma levels of DNA-reactive fPt after oxaliplatin administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsaku Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Aimi Shimazaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Taro Funakoshi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Atsushi Yonezawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Shigeki Kataoka
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Takahiro Horimatsu
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Daiki Hira
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Kotaro Itohara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Satoshi Imai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Takeshi Matsubara
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Kazuo Matsubara
- Department of Pharmacy, Wakayama Medical University Hospital
| | - Tomohiro Terada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Revisiting the Anti-Cancer Toxicity of Clinically Approved Platinating Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315410. [PMID: 36499737 PMCID: PMC9793759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP), carboplatin (CP), and oxaliplatin (OXP) are three platinating agents clinically approved worldwide for use against a variety of cancers. They are canonically known as DNA damage inducers; however, that is only one of their mechanisms of cytotoxicity. CDDP mediates its effects through DNA damage-induced transcription inhibition and apoptotic signalling. In addition, CDDP targets the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to induce ER stress, the mitochondria via mitochondrial DNA damage leading to ROS production, and the plasma membrane and cytoskeletal components. CP acts in a similar fashion to CDDP by inducing DNA damage, mitochondrial damage, and ER stress. Additionally, CP is also able to upregulate micro-RNA activity, enhancing intrinsic apoptosis. OXP, on the other hand, at first induces damage to all the same targets as CDDP and CP, yet it is also capable of inducing immunogenic cell death via ER stress and can decrease ribosome biogenesis through its nucleolar effects. In this comprehensive review, we provide detailed mechanisms of action for the three platinating agents, going beyond their nuclear effects to include their cytoplasmic impact within cancer cells. In addition, we cover their current clinical use and limitations, including side effects and mechanisms of resistance.
Collapse
|
3
|
Pigg HC, Yglesias MV, Sutton EC, McDevitt CE, Shaw M, DeRose VJ. Time-Dependent Studies of Oxaliplatin and Other Nucleolar Stress-Inducing Pt(II) Derivatives. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2262-2271. [PMID: 35917257 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The properties of small molecule Pt(II) compounds that drive specific cellular responses are of interest due to their broad clinical use as chemotherapeutics as well as to provide a better mechanistic understanding of bioinorganic processes. The chemotherapeutic compound cisplatin causes cell death through DNA damage, while oxaliplatin may induce cell death through inhibition of ribosome biogenesis, also referred to as nucleolar stress induction. Previous work has found a subset of oxaliplatin derivatives that cause nucleolar stress at 24 h drug treatment. Here we report that these different Pt(II) derivatives exhibit a range of rates and degrees of global nucleolar stress induction as well as inhibition of rRNA transcription. Potential explanations for these variations include both the ring size and stereochemistry of the non-aquation-labile ligand. We observe that Pt(II) compounds containing a 6-membered ring show faster onset and a higher overall degree of nucleolar stress than those containing a 5-membered ring, and that compounds having the 1R,2R-stereoisomeric conformation show faster onset and a higher overall degree of stress than those having the 1S,2S-conformation. Pt(II) cellular accumulation and cellular Pt(II)-DNA adduct formation did not correlate with nucleolar stress induction, indicating that the effect is not due to global interactions. Together these results suggest that Pt(II) compounds induce nucleolar stress through a mechanism that likely involves one or a few key intermolecular interactions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Burt T, Young G, Lee W, Kusuhara H, Langer O, Rowland M, Sugiyama Y. Phase 0/microdosing approaches: time for mainstream application in drug development? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:801-818. [PMID: 32901140 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phase 0 approaches - which include microdosing - evaluate subtherapeutic exposures of new drugs in first-in-human studies known as exploratory clinical trials. Recent progress extends phase 0 benefits beyond assessment of pharmacokinetics to include understanding of mechanism of action and pharmacodynamics. Phase 0 approaches have the potential to improve preclinical candidate selection and enable safer, cheaper, quicker and more informed developmental decisions. Here, we discuss phase 0 methods and applications, highlight their advantages over traditional strategies and address concerns related to extrapolation and developmental timelines. Although challenges remain, we propose that phase 0 approaches be at least considered for application in most drug development scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Burt
- Burt Consultancy LLC. talburtmd.com, New York, NY, USA. .,Phase-0/Microdosing Network. Phase-0Microdosing.org, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Graeme Young
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd, Ware, UK
| | - Wooin Lee
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Oliver Langer
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oliveira L, Caquito Jr JM, Rocha MS. Oxaliplatin effects on the DNA molecule studied by force spectroscopy. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab37ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
6
|
Radiocarbon Tracers in Toxicology and Medicine: Recent Advances in Technology and Science. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7020027. [PMID: 31075884 PMCID: PMC6631948 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in radiocarbon tracer technology and applications. Technologies covered include accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), including conversion of samples to graphite, and rapid combustion to carbon dioxide to enable direct liquid sample analysis, coupling to HPLC for real-time AMS analysis, and combined molecular mass spectrometry and AMS for analyte identification and quantitation. Laser-based alternatives, such as cavity ring down spectrometry, are emerging to enable lower cost, higher throughput measurements of biological samples. Applications covered include radiocarbon dating, use of environmental atomic bomb pulse radiocarbon content for cell and protein age determination and turnover studies, and carbon source identification. Low dose toxicology applications reviewed include studies of naphthalene-DNA adduct formation, benzo[a]pyrene pharmacokinetics in humans, and triclocarban exposure and risk assessment. Cancer-related studies covered include the use of radiocarbon-labeled cells for better defining mechanisms of metastasis and the use of drug-DNA adducts as predictive biomarkers of response to chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Comparative sequence analysis of patient-matched primary colorectal cancer, metastatic, and recurrent metastatic tumors after adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:255. [PMID: 30898102 PMCID: PMC6429751 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the era of genome-guided personalized cancer treatment, we must understand chemotherapy-induced genomic changes in tumors. This study evaluated whether adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy modifies the mutational profile of recurrent colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Whole exome sequencing was performed on samples from primary CRC tumors, untreated metastatic tumors, and recurrent tumors following adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy. The samples were resected from four patients. Results The number of mutations or the mutation spectrum in individual patients was nearly identical. Copy number variants persisted regardless of FOLFOX therapy administration. The genomic signature of oxaliplatin exposure (G > T/C > A, T > A/A > T) was not enriched after FOLFOX chemotherapy. Overlapping single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and indels remained in 26–65% of the patient-matched tumor samples. One patient harbored an AKT1 E17K mutation in the recurrent tumor, whereas PIK3CA E542K and E88Q mutations were detected in the primary and untreated metastatic tumor samples. Genes related to intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis were enriched among the genes uniquely mutated after FOLFOX chemotherapy. Conclusions We found that the mutation rates, mutation spectrum, and copy number variants were nearly identical regardless of the administration of FOLFOX therapy in the four CRC cases. The mutational discordance between the patient-matched tumor samples is likely caused by tumor heterogeneity and chemotherapy-induced clonal selection. These findings might be useful as pilot data for larger studies to clarify the changes in the mutational landscape induced by adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5479-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiao H, Yan L, Dempsey EM, Song W, Qi R, Li W, Huang Y, Jing X, Zhou D, Ding J, Chen X. Recent progress in polymer-based platinum drug delivery systems. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
9
|
Wang S, Scharadin TM, Zimmermann M, Malfatti MA, Turteltaub KW, de Vere White R, Pan CX, Henderson PT. Correlation of Platinum Cytotoxicity to Drug-DNA Adduct Levels in a Breast Cancer Cell Line Panel. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1293-1304. [PMID: 30381944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Platinum drugs, including carboplatin and oxaliplatin, are commonly used chemotherapy drugs that kill cancer cells by forming toxic drug-DNA adducts. These drugs have a proven, but modest, efficacy against several aggressive subtypes of breast cancer but also cause several side effects that can lead to the cessation of treatment. There is a clinical need to identify patients who will respond to platinum drugs in order to better inform clinical decision making. Diagnostic microdosing involves dosing patients or patient samples with subtherapeutic doses of radiolabeled platinum followed by measurement of platinum-DNA adducts in blood or tumor tissue and may be used to predict patient response. We exposed a panel of six breast cancer cell lines to 14C-labeled carboplatin or oxaliplatin at therapeutic and microdose (1% therapeutic dose) concentrations for a range of exposure lengths and isolated DNA from the cells. The DNA was converted to graphite, and measurement of radiocarbon due to platinum-DNA adduction was quantified via accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). We observed a linear correlation in adduct levels between the microdose and therapeutic dose, and the level of platinum-DNA adducts corresponded to cell line drug sensitivity for both carboplatin and oxaliplatin. These results showed a clear separation in adduct levels between the sensitive and resistant groups of cell lines that could not be fully explained or predicted by changes in DNA repair rates or mutations in DNA repair genes. Further, we were able to quantitate oxaliplatin-DNA adducts in the blood and tumor tissue of a metastatic breast cancer patient. Together, these data support the use of diagnostic microdosing for predicting patient sensitivity to platinum. Future studies will be aimed at replicating this data in a clinical feasibility trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of California Davis , Sacramento , California 95817 , United States
| | - Tiffany M Scharadin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of California Davis , Sacramento , California 95817 , United States.,Accelerated Medical Diagnostics Incorporated , Berkeley , California 95618 , United States
| | - Maike Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of California Davis , Sacramento , California 95817 , United States.,Accelerated Medical Diagnostics Incorporated , Berkeley , California 95618 , United States
| | - Michael A Malfatti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Kenneth W Turteltaub
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Ralph de Vere White
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Chong-Xian Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of California Davis , Sacramento , California 95817 , United States.,Department of Urology , University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento , California 95817 , United States.,VA Northern California Health Care System , Mather , California 95655 , United States
| | - Paul T Henderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of California Davis , Sacramento , California 95817 , United States.,Accelerated Medical Diagnostics Incorporated , Berkeley , California 95618 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stornetta A, Zimmermann M, Cimino GD, Henderson PT, Sturla SJ. DNA Adducts from Anticancer Drugs as Candidate Predictive Markers for Precision Medicine. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:388-409. [PMID: 27936622 PMCID: PMC5379252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker-driven drug selection plays a central role in cancer drug discovery and development, and in diagnostic strategies to improve the use of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs. DNA-modifying anticancer drugs are still used as first line medication, but drawbacks such as resistance and side effects remain an issue. Monitoring the formation and level of DNA modifications induced by anticancer drugs is a potential strategy for stratifying patients and predicting drug efficacy. In this perspective, preclinical and clinical data concerning the relationship between drug-induced DNA adducts and biological response for platinum drugs and combination therapies, nitrogen mustards and half-mustards, hypoxia-activated drugs, reductase-activated drugs, and minor groove binding agents are presented and discussed. Aspects including measurement strategies, identification of adducts, and biological factors that influence the predictive relationship between DNA modification and biological response are addressed. A positive correlation between DNA adduct levels and response was observed for the majority of the studies, demonstrating the high potential of using DNA adducts from anticancer drugs as mechanism-based biomarkers of susceptibility, especially as bioanalysis approaches with higher sensitivity and throughput emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Stornetta
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maike Zimmermann
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and the
UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of California Davis, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, California 95655, United States
- Accelerated
Medical Diagnostics, Inc., 2121 Second Street, B101, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - George D. Cimino
- Accelerated
Medical Diagnostics, Inc., 2121 Second Street, B101, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Paul T. Henderson
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and the
UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of California Davis, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, California 95655, United States
- Accelerated
Medical Diagnostics, Inc., 2121 Second Street, B101, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Shana J. Sturla
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gil MS, Thambi T, Phan VHG, Kim SH, Lee DS. Injectable hydrogel-incorporated cancer cell-specific cisplatin releasing nanogels for targeted drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7140-7152. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00873b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
pH- and temperature-responsive bioresorbable poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(aminoester urethane) copolymer incorporated cisplatin-bearing chondroitin sulfate nanogels have been developed for cancer cell-specific delivery of cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Soo Gil
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Thavasyappan Thambi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - V. H. Giang Phan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Han Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Sung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zimmermann M, Wang SS, Zhang H, Lin TY, Malfatti M, Haack K, Ognibene T, Yang H, Airhart S, Turteltaub KW, Cimino GD, Tepper CG, Drakaki A, Chamie K, de Vere White R, Pan CX, Henderson PT. Microdose-Induced Drug-DNA Adducts as Biomarkers of Chemotherapy Resistance in Humans and Mice. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:376-387. [PMID: 27903751 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report progress on predicting tumor response to platinum-based chemotherapy with a novel mass spectrometry approach. Fourteen bladder cancer patients were administered one diagnostic microdose each of [14C]carboplatin (1% of the therapeutic dose). Carboplatin-DNA adducts were quantified by accelerator mass spectrometry in blood and tumor samples collected within 24 hours, and compared with subsequent chemotherapy response. Patients with the highest adduct levels were responders, but not all responders had high adduct levels. Four patient-derived bladder cancer xenograft mouse models were used to test the possibility that another drug in the regimen could cause a response. The mice were dosed with [14C]carboplatin or [14C]gemcitabine and the resulting drug-DNA adduct levels were compared with tumor response to chemotherapy. At least one of the drugs had to induce high drug-DNA adduct levels or create a synergistic increase in overall adducts to prompt a corresponding therapeutic response, demonstrating proof-of-principle for drug-DNA adducts as predictive biomarkers. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(2); 376-87. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.,Accelerated Medical Diagnostics Incorporated, Berkeley, California
| | - Si-Si Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Hongyong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Tzu-Yin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Kurt Haack
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - Ted Ognibene
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | | | | | | | - George D Cimino
- Accelerated Medical Diagnostics Incorporated, Berkeley, California
| | - Clifford G Tepper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, California
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karim Chamie
- Department of Urology, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ralph de Vere White
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Chong-Xian Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California. .,Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
| | - Paul T Henderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California. .,Accelerated Medical Diagnostics Incorporated, Berkeley, California
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jalili S, Maddah M, Schofield J. Molecular dynamics simulation and free energy analysis of the interaction of platinum-based anti-cancer drugs with DNA. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633616500541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin and oxaliplatin are two widely-used anti-cancer drugs which covalently bind to a same location in DNA strands. Platinum agents make intrastrand and interstrand cross-links with the N7 atoms of guanine nucleotides which prevent DNA from polymerization by causing a distortion in the double helix. Molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations were carried out to investigate the binding of two platinum-based anti-cancer drugs with DNA. We compared the binding of these drugs which differ in their carrier ligands, and hence their potential interactions with DNA. When a platinum agent binds to nucleotides, it causes a high amount of deformation in DNA structure. To find the extent of deformation, torsion angles and base pair and groove parameters of DNA were considered. These parameters were compared with normal B-DNA which was considered as the undamaged DNA. The formation of hydrogen bonds between drugs and DNA nucleotides was examined in solution. It was shown that oxaliplatin forms more hydrogen bonds than cisplatin. Our results confirm that the structure of the platinated DNA rearranges significantly and cisplatin tries to deform DNA more than oxaliplatin. The binding free energies were also investigated to understand the affinities, types and the contributions of interactions between drugs and DNA. It was concluded that oxaliplatin tendency for binding to DNA is more than cisplatin in solvent environment. The binding free energy was calculated based on the MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods and the results of QM/MM calculations verified them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seifollah Jalili
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P. O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
- Computational Physical Sciences Research Laboratory, School of Nano-Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P. O. Box 19395-5531 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Maddah
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P. O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jeremy Schofield
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Burt T, Yoshida K, Lappin G, Vuong L, John C, de Wildt SN, Sugiyama Y, Rowland M. Microdosing and Other Phase 0 Clinical Trials: Facilitating Translation in Drug Development. Clin Transl Sci 2016; 9:74-88. [PMID: 26918865 PMCID: PMC5351314 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Burt
- Principal, Burt Consultancy, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - K Yoshida
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Oak Ridge Institution for Science and Education (ORISE) Fellow
| | - G Lappin
- Visiting Professor of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, UK
| | - L Vuong
- Principal, LTV Consulting, Davis, CA, USA.,Clinical Advisor at BioCore, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C John
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - S N de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - M Rowland
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lappin G. The expanding utility of microdosing. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2015; 4:401-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Lappin
- Visiting Professor of Pharmacology; University of Lincoln, School of Pharmacy, Joseph Banks Laboratories; Lincoln UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu S, Wang Y. Mass spectrometry for the assessment of the occurrence and biological consequences of DNA adducts. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:7829-54. [PMID: 26204249 PMCID: PMC4787602 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00316d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous and endogenous sources of chemical species can react, directly or after metabolic activation, with DNA to yield DNA adducts. If not repaired, DNA adducts may compromise cellular functions by blocking DNA replication and/or inducing mutations. Unambiguous identification of the structures and accurate measurements of the levels of DNA adducts in cellular and tissue DNA constitute the first and important step towards understanding the biological consequences of these adducts. The advances in mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation in the past 2-3 decades have rendered MS an important tool for structure elucidation, quantification, and revelation of the biological consequences of DNA adducts. In this review, we summarized the development of MS techniques on these fronts for DNA adduct analysis. We placed our emphasis of discussion on sample preparation, the combination of MS with gas chromatography- or liquid chromatography (LC)-based separation techniques for the quantitative measurement of DNA adducts, and the use of LC-MS along with molecular biology tools for understanding the human health consequences of DNA adducts. The applications of mass spectrometry-based DNA adduct analysis for predicting the therapeutic outcome of anti-cancer agents, for monitoring the human exposure to endogenous and environmental genotoxic agents, and for DNA repair studies were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li H, Gao X, Liu R, Wang Y, Zhang M, Fu Z, Mi Y, Wang Y, Yao Z, Gao Q. Glucose conjugated platinum(II) complex: antitumor superiority to oxaliplatin, combination effect and mechanism of action. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:400-8. [PMID: 26177447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A glucose-conjugate of (trans-R,R-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine)-2-fluoromalonato-platinum(II) complex (Glu-Pt) is designed to target tumor-specific active glucose transporters (GLUTs). Despite of very high water solubility, Glu-Pt exhibits improved cytotoxicity as compared to oxaliplatin. In this study, we investigated the in vivo toxicity profiles with the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) evaluation followed by antitumor efficacy study in leukemia-bearing DBA/2 mice. Glu-Pt showed 6-fold increase in the MTD and was more efficacious against mouse L1210 ascetic leukemia than oxaliplatin at equitoxic doses. To explore the combination effect of Glu-Pt and compare with oxaliplatin-based FOLFOX chemotherapy, we investigated the two-component synergistic antitumor activity of Glu-Pt with folinic acid (FA) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) respectively in five human cancer cell lines followed by a comparison study with oxaliplatin in a fixed three-component in vitro FOFLOX combination. As the result, Glu-Pt exhibited superior synergistic cytotoxicity compared to oxaliplatin. Flow cytometry-based cell cycle and apoptosis study demonstrated that Glu-Pt follows the same mechanistic principles as of oxaliplatin. Glu-Pt monotherapy and its combination with FA and 5-FU may result in improved efficacy over oxaliplatin and FOLFOX regimen. The study provides fundamental data supporting the potential of Glu-Pt as a drug candidate for further (pre)clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xiangqian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ran Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Menghua Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immune Micro-environment, Tianjin Medical University, 22, Qi Xiang Tai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Yi Mi
- Central Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group, 226 Huanghe Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, PR China
| | - Yiqiang Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Gudui BioPharma Technology Inc., 2 Huatian Road, Huayuan Industrial Park, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immune Micro-environment, Tianjin Medical University, 22, Qi Xiang Tai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Qingzhi Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dingley KH, Ubick EA, Vogel JS, Ognibene TJ, Malfatti MA, Kulp K, Haack KW. DNA isolation and sample preparation for quantification of adduct levels by accelerator mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1105:147-57. [PMID: 24623226 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-739-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a highly sensitive technique used for the quantification of adducts following exposure to carbon-14- or tritium-labeled chemicals, with detection limits in the range of one adduct per 10(11)-10(12) nucleotides. The protocol described in this chapter provides an optimal method for isolating and preparing DNA samples to measure isotope-labeled DNA adducts by AMS. When preparing samples, special precautions must be taken to avoid cross-contamination of isotope among samples and produce a sample that is compatible with AMS. The DNA isolation method described is based upon digestion of tissue with proteinase K, followed by extraction of DNA using Qiagen isolation columns. The extracted DNA is precipitated with isopropanol, washed repeatedly with 70 % ethanol to remove salt, and then dissolved in water. DNA samples are then converted to graphite or titanium hydride and the isotope content measured by AMS to quantify adduct levels. This method has been used to reliably generate good yields of uncontaminated, pure DNA from animal and human tissues for analysis of adduct levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen H Dingley
- Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Arjmand F, Yousuf I, Afzal M, Toupet L. Design and synthesis of new Zn(II) nalidixic acid–DACH based Topo-II inhibiting molecular entity: Chemotherapeutic potential validated by its in vitro binding profile, pBR322 cleavage activity and molecular docking studies with DNA and RNA molecular targets. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Polonyi C, Albertsson I, Damian MS, Elmroth SKC. Comparison of Cis- and Oxaliplatin-induced Destabilization of 15-mer DNA- and RNA Duplexes by Binding to Centrally Located GG- and GNG Sequences. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
21
|
Cimino GD, Pan CX, Henderson PT. Personalized medicine for targeted and platinum-based chemotherapy of lung and bladder cancer. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:369-91. [PMID: 23394702 PMCID: PMC3644565 DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The personalized medicine revolution is occurring for cancer chemotherapy. Biomarkers are increasingly capable of distinguishing genotypic or phenotypic traits of individual tumors, and are being linked to the selection of treatment protocols. This review covers the molecular basis for biomarkers of response to targeted and cytotoxic lung and bladder cancer treatment with an emphasis on platinum-based chemotherapy. Platinum derivatives are a class of drugs commonly employed against solid tumors that kill cells by covalent attachment to DNA. Platinum-DNA adduct levels in patient tissues have been correlated to response and survival. The sensitivity and precision of adduct detection has increased to the point of enabling subtherapeutic dosing for diagnostics applications, termed diagnostic microdosing, prior to the initiation of full-dose therapy. The clinical status of this unique phenotypic marker for lung and bladder cancer applications is detailed along with discussion of future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George D Cimino
- Accelerated Medical Diagnostics, Inc., 2121 Second Street, B101, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Chong-xian Pan
- University of California Davis, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology & the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA 94568, USA
- Hematology/Oncology, VA Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | - Paul T Henderson
- Accelerated Medical Diagnostics, Inc., 2121 Second Street, B101, Davis, CA 95618, USA
- University of California Davis, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology & the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA 94568, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Wexselblatt E, Gibson D. What do we know about the reduction of Pt(IV) pro-drugs? J Inorg Biochem 2012; 117:220-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
24
|
Lando DY, Galyuk EN, Chang CL, Hu CK. Temporal behavior of DNA thermal stability in the presence of platinum compounds. Role of monofunctional and bifunctional adducts. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 117:164-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
25
|
KRAS mutations in primary tumours and post-FOLFOX metastatic lesions in cases of colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:340-4. [PMID: 22617127 PMCID: PMC3394966 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KRAS mutations are predictive markers for the efficacy of anti-EGFR antibody therapies in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Although the mutational status of KRAS is reportedly highly concordant between primary and metastatic lesions, it is not yet clear whether genotoxic chemotherapies might induce additional mutations. METHODS A total of 63 lesions (23 baseline primary, 18 metastatic and 24 post-treatment metastatic) from 21 patients who were treated with FOLFOX as adjuvant therapy for stage III/IV colorectal cancer following curative resection were examined. The DNA samples were obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens, and KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations were evaluated. RESULTS The numbers of primary lesions with wild-type and mutant KRAS codons 12 and 13 were 8 and 13, respectively. The mutational status of KRAS remained concordant between the primary tumours and the post-FOLFOX metastatic lesions, irrespective of patient background, treatment duration and disease-free survival. Furthermore, the mutational statuses of the other genes evaluated were also concordant between the primary and metastatic lesions. CONCLUSION Because the mutational statuses of predictive biomarker genes were not altered by FOLFOX therapy, specimens from both primary tumours and post-FOLFOX tumour metastases might serve as valid sources of DNA for known genomic biomarker testing.
Collapse
|
26
|
Alotaibi A, Baumgartner A, Najafzadeh M, Cemeli E, Anderson D. <i>In Vitro</i> Investigation of DNA Damage Induced by the DNA Cross-Linking Agents Oxaliplatin and Satraplatin in Lymphocytes of Colorectal Cancer Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2012.31011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
27
|
Debio 0507 primarily forms diaminocyclohexane-Pt-d(GpG) and -d(ApG) DNA adducts in HCT116 cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:665-77. [PMID: 21968950 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the cellular action mechanism of Debio 0507, we compared the major DNA adducts formed by Debio 0507- and oxaliplatin-treated HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells by a combination of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). METHODS HCT116 cells were treated with IC(50) doses of Debio 0507 or oxaliplatin for 3 days. Total cellular Pt-DNA adducts were determined by ICP-MS. The DNA was digested, and the major Pt-DNA adducts formed by both drugs were characterized by UPLC/MS/MS essentially as described previously for cisplatin (Baskerville-Abraham et al. in Chem Res Toxicol 22:905-912, 2009). RESULTS The Pt level/deoxynucleotide was 7.4/10(4) for DNA from Debio 0507-treated cells and 5.5/10(4) for oxaliplatin-treated cells following a 3-day treatment at the IC(50) for each drug. UPLC-MS/MS in the positive ion mode confirmed the major Pt-DNA adducts formed by both drugs were dach-Pt-d(GpG) (904.2 m/z → 610 m/z and 904.2 m/z → 459 m/z) and dach-Pt-d(ApG) (888.2 m/z → 594 m/z and 888.2 m/z → 459 m/z). CONCLUSIONS These data show that the major DNA adducts formed by Debio 0507 are the dach-Pt-d(GpG) and dach-Pt-d(ApG) adducts and at equitoxic doses Debio 0507 and oxaliplatin form similar levels of dach-Pt-d(GpG) and dach-Pt-d(ApG) adducts. This suggests that the action mechanisms of Debio 0507 and oxaliplatin are similar at a cellular level.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zayed A, Jones GDD, Reid HJ, Shoeib T, Taylor SE, Thomas AL, Wood JP, Sharp BL. Speciation of oxaliplatin adducts with DNA nucleotides. Metallomics 2011; 3:991-1000. [PMID: 21858382 DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a set of fast and selective high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods coupled to electro-spray ionisation linear ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), sector-field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS) and UV detection for in vitro studies of the bifunctional adducts of oxaliplatin with mono-nucleotides, di-nucleotides and cellular DNA. The stationary phases and the optimised conditions used for each separation are discussed. Interaction of oxaliplatin with A and G mono-nucleotides resulted in the formation of five bifunctional platinum diaminocyclohexane (DACHPt) adducts. These were two isomers of the A-DACHPt-A and A-DACHPt-G adducts, and one G-DACHPt-G adduct, as confirmed by MS/MS spectra obtained by collision induced dissociation. These adducts were also characterised by UV absorption data and SF-ICP-MS elemental (195)Pt and (31)P signals. Further, interaction of oxaliplatin with AG and GG di-nucleotides resulted in the formation of three adducts: DACHPt-GG and two isomers of the DACHPt-AG adduct, as confirmed by ESI-MS and the complementary data obtained by UV and SF-ICP-MS. Finally, a very sensitive LC-ICP-MS method for the quantification of oxaliplatin GG intra-strand adducts (DACHPt-GG) was developed and used for monitoring the in vitro formation and repair of these adducts in human colorectal cancer cells. The method detection limit was 0.14 ppb Pt which was equivalent to 0.22 Pt adduct per 10(6) nucleotides based on a 10 μg DNA sample. This detection limit makes this method suitable for in vivo assessment of DACHPt-GG adducts in patients undergoing oxaliplatin chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aref Zayed
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dueker SR, Vuong LT, Lohstroh PN, Giacomo JA, Vogel JS. Quantifying exploratory low dose compounds in humans with AMS. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:518-31. [PMID: 21047543 PMCID: PMC3062634 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry is an established technology whose essentiality extends beyond simply a better detector for radiolabeled molecules. Attomole sensitivity reduces radioisotope exposures in clinical subjects to the point that no population need be excluded from clinical study. Insights in human physiochemistry are enabled by the quantitative recovery of simplified AMS processes that provide biological concentrations of all labeled metabolites and total compound related material at non-saturating levels. In this paper, we review some of the exploratory applications of AMS (14)C in toxicological, nutritional, and pharmacological research. This body of research addresses the human physiochemistry of important compounds in their own right, but also serves as examples of the analytical methods and clinical practices that are available for studying low dose physiochemistry of candidate therapeutic compounds, helping to broaden the knowledge base of AMS application in pharmaceutical research.
Collapse
|
30
|
Zecevic A, Sampath D, Ewald B, Chen R, Wierda W, Plunkett W. Killing of chronic lymphocytic leukemia by the combination of fludarabine and oxaliplatin is dependent on the activity of XPF endonuclease. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:4731-41. [PMID: 21632856 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) resistant to fludarabine-containing treatments responds to oxaliplatin-based therapy that contains fludarabine. We postulated that a mechanism for this activity is the incorporation of fludarabine into DNA during nucleotide excision repair (NER) stimulated by oxaliplatin adducts. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed CLL cell viability, DNA damage, and signaling pathways in response to treatment by fludarabine, oxaliplatin, or the combination. The dependency of the combination on oxaliplatin-induced DNA repair was investigated using siRNA in CLL cells or cell line models of NER deficiency. RESULTS Synergistic apoptotic killing was observed in CLL cells after exposure to the combination in vitro. Oxaliplatin induced DNA synthesis in CLL cells, which was inhibited by fludarabine and was eliminated by knockdown of XPF, the NER 5'-endonuclease. Wild-type Chinese hamster ovarian cells showed synergistic killing after combination treatment, whereas only additive killing was observed in cells lacking XPF. Inhibition of repair by fludarabine in CLL cells was accompanied by DNA single-strand break formation. CLL cells initiated both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways as evidenced by the loss of mitochondrial outer membrane potential and partial inhibition of cell death upon incubation with FasL antibody. CONCLUSIONS The synergistic cell killing is caused by a mechanistic interaction that requires the initiation of XPF-dependent excision repair in response to oxaliplatin adducts, and the inhibition of that process by fludarabine incorporation into the repair patch. This combination strategy may be useful against other malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Zecevic
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Accelerator mass spectrometry-enabled studies: current status and future prospects. Bioanalysis 2011; 2:519-41. [PMID: 20440378 DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accelerator mass spectrometry is a detection platform with exceptional sensitivity compared with other bioanalytical platforms. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is widely used in archeology for radiocarbon dating applications. Early exploration of the biological and pharmaceutical applications of AMS began in the early 1990s. AMS has since demonstrated unique problem-solving ability in nutrition science, toxicology and pharmacology. AMS has also enabled the development of new applications, such as Phase 0 microdosing. Recent development of AMS-enabled applications has transformed this novelty research instrument to a valuable tool within the pharmaceutical industry. Although there is now greater awareness of AMS technology, recognition and appreciation of the range of AMS-enabled applications is still lacking, including study-design strategies. This review aims to provide further insight into the wide range of AMS-enabled applications. Examples of studies conducted over the past two decades will be presented, as well as prospects for the future of AMS.
Collapse
|
33
|
Henderson PT, Li T, He M, Zhang H, Malfatti M, Gandara D, Grimminger PP, Danenberg KD, Beckett L, de Vere White RW, Turteltaub KW, Pan CX. A microdosing approach for characterizing formation and repair of carboplatin-DNA monoadducts and chemoresistance. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1425-34. [PMID: 21128223 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Formation and repair of platinum (Pt)-induced DNA adducts is a critical step in Pt drug-mediated cytotoxicity. Measurement of Pt-DNA adduct kinetics in tumors may be useful for better understanding chemoresistance and therapeutic response. However, this concept has yet to be rigorously tested because of technical challenges in measuring the adducts at low concentrations and consistent access to sufficient tumor biopsy material. Ultrasensitive accelerator mass spectrometry was used to detect [(14)C]carboplatin-DNA monoadducts at the attomole level, which are the precursors to Pt-DNA crosslink formation, in six cancer cell lines as a proof-of-concept. The most resistant cells had the lowest monoadduct levels at all time points over 24 hr. [(14)C]Carboplatin "microdoses" (1/100th the pharmacologically effective concentration) had nearly identical adduct formation and repair kinetics compared to therapeutically relevant doses, suggesting that the microdosing approach can potentially be used to determine the pharmacological effects of therapeutic treatment. Some of the possible chemoresistance mechanisms were also studied, such as drug uptake/efflux, intracellular inactivation and DNA repair in selected cell lines. Intracellular inactivation and efficient DNA repair each contributed significantly to the suppression of DNA monoadduct formation in the most resistant cell line compared to the most sensitive cell line studied (p < 0.001). Nucleotide excision repair (NER)-deficient and -proficient cells showed substantial differences in carboplatin monoadduct concentrations over 24 hr that likely contributed to chemoresistance. The data support the utility of carboplatin microdosing as a translatable approach for defining carboplatin-DNA monoadduct formation and repair, possibly by NER, which may be useful for characterizing chemoresistance in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Henderson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lestaurtinib is Cytotoxic to Oxaliplatin-resistant Transitional Cell Carcinoma Cell Line T24 In Vitro. Tzu Chi Med J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1016-3190(10)60056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
35
|
Kim YS, Shin SM, Cheong MS, Hah SS. Mechanistic Insights into in vitro DNA Adduction of Oxaliplatin. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.7.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
36
|
Morrow CJ, Ghattas M, Smith C, Bönisch H, Bryce RA, Hickinson DM, Green TP, Dive C. Src family kinase inhibitor Saracatinib (AZD0530) impairs oxaliplatin uptake in colorectal cancer cells and blocks organic cation transporters. Cancer Res 2010; 70:5931-41. [PMID: 20551056 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated Src family kinase (SFK) activity is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. The SFK inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) is currently in phase II trials in patients including those with colorectal cancer (CRC), where links between SFK activity and poor prognosis are particularly striking. Saracatinib is likely to be used clinically in combination regimens, specifically with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin, in CRC. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of saracatinib on oxaliplatin and 5-FU efficacy in CRC cells. Saracatinib did not modulate 5-FU efficacy but antagonized oxaliplatin in a schedule-specific manner through reduced oxaliplatin uptake via an SFK-independent mechanism. Saracatinib resembles the pharmacophore of known organic cation transporter (OCT) inhibitors and reduced oxaliplatin efficacy maximally in cells overexpressing OCT2. These data suggest that oxaliplatin uptake in CRC is attenuated by saracatinib via inhibition of OCT2, a potential consideration for the clinical development of this SFK inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Morrow
- Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Towards biomarker-dependent individualized chemotherapy: exploring cell-specific differences in oxaliplatin-DNA adduct distribution using accelerator mass spectrometry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2448-51. [PMID: 20335033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum-based anticancer drug that is currently used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Oxaliplatin, like other platinum-based anticancer drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin, is known to induce apoptosis in tumor cells by binding to nuclear DNA, forming monoadducts, and intra- and interstrand diadducts. Previously, we reported an accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) assay to measure the kinetics of oxaliplatin-induced DNA damage and repair [Hah, S. S.; Sumbad, R. A.; de Vere White, R. W.; Turteltaub, K. W.; Henderson, P. T. Chem. Res. Toxicol.2007, 20, 1745]. Here, we describe another application of AMS to the measurement of oxaliplatin-DNA adduct distribution in cultured platinum-sensitive testicular (833K) and platinum-resistant breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cells, which resulted in elucidation of cell-dependent differentiation of oxaliplatin-DNA adduct formation, implying that differential adduction and/or accumulation of the drug in cellular DNA may be responsible for the sensitivity of cancer cells to platinum treatment. Ultimately, we hope to use this method to measure the intrinsic platinated DNA adduct repair capacity in cancer patients for use as a biomarker for diagnostics or a predictor of patient outcome.
Collapse
|
38
|
Gao J, Liu YG, Zingaro RA. Cytotoxic activities, cellular uptake, gene regulation, and optical imaging of novel platinum(II) complexes. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 22:1705-12. [PMID: 19694485 DOI: 10.1021/tx900180v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new class of platinum(II) coordination complexes and their dye tagged conjugates has been synthesized from N-substituted diaminocyclohexane ligands. The in vitro anticancer activities of the platinum compounds have been validated against the breast cancer cell-line MCF-7 and the normal cell-line MCF-10A via sulforhodamine B and colony formation assay. The platinum compounds and the corresponding metal-free ligands exhibited higher drug efficiencies than cisplatin and oxaliplatin against MCF-7 cells. Cellular uptake and DNA-bound Pt were demonstrated by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The platinum complexes displayed increased cellular accumulation and DNA binding as compared with cisplatin. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was employed to investigate drug effects on mRNA expression in MCF-7 cells. The results indicated that the study compounds are effective in regulating cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and p53 genes; yet, oxaliplatin is less effective in manipulating those genes. The luminescent probe that was integrated into the platinum complexes made it possible to monitor cellular drug distribution using optical imaging. Targeting of tumor cell nuclei by the study compounds was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Taken together, these new platinum(II)-based antitumor agents are different from marketed platinum drugs in several critical aspects and could have potential in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jerremalm E, Wallin I, Ehrsson H. New insights into the biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of oxaliplatin. J Pharm Sci 2010; 98:3879-85. [PMID: 19340883 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is used primarily in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. In this minireview, we discuss potentially important biotransformation pathways in light of its short elimination half-life in vivo. We also highlight new information achieved using a selective analytical technique to measure intact oxaliplatin in pharmacokinetic studies (comprising intravenous, intraperitoneal, and intrahepatic administration) and compare to results obtained by measurements of total platinum. The use of selective analytical techniques is strongly recommended giving kinetic parameters of the parent compound and not only to a complex mixture of platinum containing endogenous compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Jerremalm
- Karolinska Pharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cooke MS, Henderson PT, Evans MD. Sources of extracellular, oxidatively-modified DNA lesions: implications for their measurement in urine. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2009; 45:255-70. [PMID: 19902015 PMCID: PMC2771246 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.sr09-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a robust mechanistic basis for the role of oxidation damage to DNA in the aetiology of various major diseases (cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, cancer). Robust, validated biomarkers are needed to measure oxidative damage in the context of molecular epidemiology, to clarify risks associated with oxidative stress, to improve our understanding of its role in health and disease and to test intervention strategies to ameliorate it. Of the urinary biomarkers for DNA oxidation, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is the most studied. However, there are a number of factors which hamper our complete understanding of what meausrement of this lesion in urine actually represents. DNA repair is thought to be a major contributor to urinary 8-oxodG levels, although the precise pathway(s) has not been proven, plus possible contribution from cell turnover and diet are possible confounders. Most recently, evidence has arisen which suggests that nucleotide salvage of 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGua can contribute substantially to 8-oxoG levels in DNA and RNA, at least in rapidly dividing cells. This new observation may add an further confounder to the conclusion that 8-oxoGua or 8-oxodG, and its nucleobase equivalent 8-oxoguanine, concentrations in urine are simply a consequence of DNA repair. Further studies are required to define the relative contributions of metabolism, disease and diet to oxidised nucleic acids and their metabolites in urine in order to develop urinalyis as a better tool for understanding human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus S Cooke
- Radiation and Oxidative Stress Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Bilding, University of Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
DNA Adduct Formation of 17β-Estradiol in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.9.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
42
|
Chiu SJ, Lee YJ, Hsu TS, Chen WS. Oxaliplatin-induced gamma-H2AX activation via both p53-dependent and -independent pathways but is not associated with cell cycle arrest in human colorectal cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 182:173-82. [PMID: 19735649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 08/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug, induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. It has been shown that gamma-H2AX acts as a marker of DSBs. However, the molecular events associated with oxaliplatin-mediated cell cycle arrest and cell death remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of p53 and gamma-H2AX following oxaliplatin treatment, as they are important effector proteins for apoptosis and DSB repair, respectively. Both phosphorylated-p53 (Ser-15) and gamma-H2AX were up-regulated and accumulated in the nuclei of p53-wild type human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells after exposure to oxaliplatin. Concomitantly, oxaliplatin-induced G2/M arrest was associated with a reduction in both cyclin B1 expression and phosphorylated-CDC2 (Thr-161). Release of G2/M arrest by caffeine was accompanied by a decrease in the levels of p53/p21; however, gamma-H2AX levels were unchanged. Furthermore, inhibition of p53 phosphorylation by pifithrin-alpha was sufficient to reduce the oxaliplatin-induced up-regulation of gamma-H2AX and apoptosis. Oxaliplatin-induced gamma-H2AX via a p53-independent pathway but did not cause caspase-3 activation in p53-null HCT116 cells. Interestingly, no changes were observed in the H2AX gene knockdown with regards to oxaliplatin-induced G2/M arrest in p53-wild type and S phase arrest in p53-null HCT116 cells. Taken together, these data indicate that a molecular pathway involving p53, gamma-H2AX and cell cycle arrest plays a pivotal role in the cellular response to oxaliplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jun Chiu
- Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hah SS, Henderson PT, Turteltaub KW. Recent advances in biomedical applications of accelerator mass spectrometry. J Biomed Sci 2009; 16:54. [PMID: 19534792 PMCID: PMC2712465 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of radioisotopes has a long history in biomedical science, and the technique of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), an extremely sensitive nuclear physics technique for detection of very low-abundant, stable and long-lived isotopes, has now revolutionized high-sensitivity isotope detection in biomedical research, because it allows the direct determination of the amount of isotope in a sample rather than measuring its decay, and thus the quantitative analysis of the fate of the radiolabeled probes under the given conditions. Since AMS was first used in the early 90's for the analysis of biological samples containing enriched 14C for toxicology and cancer research, the biomedical applications of AMS to date range from in vitro to in vivo studies, including the studies of 1) toxicant and drug metabolism, 2) neuroscience, 3) pharmacokinetics, and 4) nutrition and metabolism of endogenous molecules such as vitamins. In addition, a new drug development concept that relies on the ultrasensitivity of AMS, known as human microdosing, is being used to obtain early human metabolism information of candidate drugs. These various aspects of AMS are reviewed and a perspective on future applications of AMS to biomedical research is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Soo Hah
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
The formation and biological significance of N7-guanine adducts. Mutat Res 2009; 678:76-94. [PMID: 19465146 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA alkylation or adduct formation occurs at nucleophilic sites in DNA, mainly the N7-position of guanine. Ever since identification of the first N7-guanine adduct, several hundred studies on DNA adducts have been reported. Major issues addressed include the relationships between N7-guanine adducts and exposure, mutagenesis, and other biological endpoints. It became quickly apparent that N7-guanine adducts are frequently formed, but may have minimal biological relevance, since they are chemically unstable and do not participate in Watson Crick base pairing. However, N7-guanine adducts have been shown to be excellent biomarkers for internal exposure to direct acting and metabolically activated carcinogens. Questions arise, however, regarding the biological significance of N7-guanine adducts that are readily formed, do not persist, and are not likely to be mutagenic. Thus, we set out to review the current literature to evaluate their formation and the mechanistic evidence for the involvement of N7-guanine adducts in mutagenesis or other biological processes. It was concluded that there is insufficient evidence that N7-guanine adducts can be used beyond confirmation of exposure to the target tissue and demonstration of the molecular dose. There is little to no evidence that N7-guanine adducts or their depurination product, apurinic sites, are the cause of mutations in cells and tissues, since increases in AP sites have not been shown unless toxicity is extant. However, more research is needed to define the extent of chemical depurination versus removal by DNA repair proteins. Interestingly, N7-guanine adducts are clearly present as endogenous background adducts and the endogenous background amounts appear to increase with age. Furthermore, the N7-guanine adducts have been shown to convert to ring opened lesions (FAPy), which are much more persistent and have higher mutagenic potency. Studies in humans are limited in sample size and differences between controls and study groups are small. Future investigations should involve human studies with larger numbers of individuals and analysis should include the corresponding ring opened FAPy derivatives.
Collapse
|
45
|
Snygg ÅS, Elmroth SK. Expanding the chemical nature of siRNAs: Oxaliplatin as metalation reagent. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 379:186-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
46
|
Mowaka S, Linscheid M. Separation and characterization of oxaliplatin dinucleotides from DNA using HPLC-ESI ion trap mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:819-30. [PMID: 18709362 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum complex, and has a broad spectrum of antitumor activity. Such platinum complexes with the DACH carrier ligand have recently received increasing attention since they show efficacy against cisplatin-resistant cell lines. As the foremost indication of antitumor activity of platinum drugs is the formation of adducts with genomic DNA, calf thymus DNA-oxaliplatin adducts were the major target in this study. Calf thymus DNA was incubated with oxaliplatin, resulting in the formation of a large number of platinum-DNA adducts. Treated DNA was digested into the dinucleotides with a combination of enzymes, namely, benzonase, alkaline phosphatase, and nuclease S1. Using a high-performance liquid chromatography, we carried out the separation of individual platinum-DNA adducts which were concurrently identified using electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (MS). Both 1,2-intrastrand and 1,2-interstrand cross-linked adducts were found; however, those of the intrastrand nature have a considerably higher abundance than those of the interstrand cross-links. Among them, d(GpG)-oxaliplatin was the most abundant bifuctional adduct. To a lesser extent, a few monofunctional adducts were detected as well. MS(n) experiments served to ascertain the detailed structures of oxaliplatin adducts of dinucleoside monophosphates and of dinucleotides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Mowaka
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universitaet zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Coldwell KE, Cutts SM, Ognibene TJ, Henderson PT, Phillips DR. Detection of Adriamycin-DNA adducts by accelerator mass spectrometry at clinically relevant Adriamycin concentrations. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:e100. [PMID: 18632763 PMCID: PMC2532723 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited sensitivity of existing assays has prevented investigation of whether Adriamycin–DNA adducts are involved in the anti-tumour potential of Adriamycin. Previous detection has achieved a sensitivity of a few Adriamycin–DNA adducts/104 bp DNA, but has required the use of supra-clinical drug concentrations. This work sought to measure Adriamycin–DNA adducts at sub-micromolar doses using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), a technique with origins in geochemistry for radiocarbon dating. We have used conditions previously validated (by less sensitive decay counting) to extract [14C]Adriamycin–DNA adducts from cells and adapted the methodology to AMS detection. Here we show the first direct evidence of Adriamycin–DNA adducts at clinically-relevant Adriamycin concentrations. [14C]Adriamycin treatment (25 nM) resulted in 4.4 ± 1.0 adducts/107 bp (∼1300 adducts/cell) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, representing the best sensitivity and precision reported to date for the covalent binding of Adriamycin to DNA. The exceedingly sensitive nature of AMS has enabled over three orders of magnitude increased sensitivity of Adriamycin–DNA adduct detection and revealed adduct formation within an hour of drug treatment. This method has been shown to be highly reproducible for the measurement of Adriamycin–DNA adducts in tumour cells in culture and can now be applied to the detection of these adducts in human tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Coldwell
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|