1
|
Amin SM, Islam T, Price NE, Wallace A, Guo X, Gomina A, Heidari M, Johnson KM, Lewis CD, Yang Z, Gates KS. Effects of Local Sequence, Reaction Conditions, and Various Additives on the Formation and Stability of Interstrand Cross-Links Derived from the Reaction of an Abasic Site with an Adenine Residue in Duplex DNA. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36888-36901. [PMID: 36278095 PMCID: PMC9583646 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The experiments described here examined the effects of reaction conditions, various additives, and local sequence on the formation and stability interstrand cross-links (ICLs) derived from the reaction of an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site with the exocyclic amino group of an adenine residue on the opposing strand in duplex DNA. Cross-link formation was observed in a range of different buffers, with faster formation rates observed at pH 5. Inclusion of the base excision repair enzyme alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (hAAG) which binds tightly to AP-containing duplexes decreased, but did not completely prevent, formation of the dA-AP ICL. Formation of the dA-AP ICL was not altered by the presence of the biological metal ion Mg2+ or the biological thiol, glutathione. Several organocatalysts of imine formation did not enhance the rate of dA-AP ICL formation. Duplex length did not have a large effect on dA-AP yield, so long as the melting temperature of the duplex was not significantly below the reaction temperature (the duplex must remain hybridized for efficient ICL formation). Formation of the dA-AP ICL was examined in over 40 different sequences that varied the neighboring and opposing bases at the cross-linking site. The results indicate that ICL formation can occur in a wide variety of sequence contexts under physiological conditions. Formation of the dA-AP ICL was strongly inhibited by the aldehyde-trapping agents methoxyamine and hydralazine, by NaBH3CN, by the intercalator ethidium bromide, and by the minor groove-binding agent netropsin. ICL formation was inhibited to some extent in bicarbonate and Tris buffers. The dA-AP ICL showed substantial inherent stability under a variety of conditions and was not a substrate for AP-processing enzymes APE1 or Endo IV. Finally, we characterized cross-link formation in a small (11 bp) stem-loop (hairpin) structure and in DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saosan
Binth Md. Amin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Tanhaul Islam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Nathan E. Price
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Amanda Wallace
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Xu Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Anuoluwapo Gomina
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Marjan Heidari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Kevin M. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Calvin D. Lewis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Zhiyu Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Kent S. Gates
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen H, Krishnamachari S, Guo J, Yao L, Murugan P, Weight CJ, Turesky RJ. Quantitation of Lipid Peroxidation Product DNA Adducts in Human Prostate by Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Method That Mitigates Artifacts. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1850-1862. [PMID: 31361128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chronic inflammation contribute to DNA damage of many organs, including the prostate. ROS cause oxidative damage to biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, resulting in the formation of toxic and mutagenic intermediates. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) products covalently adduct to DNA and can lead to mutations. The levels of LPO DNA adducts reported in humans range widely. However, a large proportion of the DNA adducts may be attributed to artifact formation during the steps of isolation and nuclease digestion of DNA. We established a method that mitigates artifacts for most LPO adducts during the processing of DNA. We have applied this methodology to measure LPO DNA adducts in the genome of prostate cancer patients, employing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization ion trap multistage mass spectrometry. Our preliminary data show that DNA adducts of acrolein, 6-hydroxy-1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (6-OH-PdG) and 8-hydroxy-1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-PdG) (4-20 adducts per 107 nucleotides) are more prominent than etheno (ε) adducts (<0.5 adducts per 108 nucleotides). This analytical methodology will be used to examine the correlation between oxidative stress, inflammation, and LPO adduct levels in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin D, Li W, Tian X, Peng Y, Zheng J. In Vitro DNA Adduction Resulting from Metabolic Activation of Diosbulbin B and 8-Epidiosbulbin E Acetate. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 32:38-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongju Lin
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Xutong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Czerwińska J, Nowak M, Wojtczak P, Dziuban-Lech D, Cieśla JM, Kołata D, Gajewska B, Barańczyk-Kuźma A, Robinson AR, Shane HL, Gregg SQ, Rigatti LH, Yousefzadeh MJ, Gurkar AU, McGowan SJ, Kosicki K, Bednarek M, Zarakowska E, Gackowski D, Oliński R, Speina E, Niedernhofer LJ, Tudek B. ERCC1-deficient cells and mice are hypersensitive to lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:79-96. [PMID: 29860127 PMCID: PMC6098728 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation (LPO) products are relatively stable and abundant metabolites, which accumulate in tissues of mammals with aging, being able to modify all cellular nucleophiles, creating protein and DNA adducts including crosslinks. Here, we used cells and mice deficient in the ERCC1-XPF endonuclease required for nucleotide excision repair and the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks to ask if specifically LPO-induced DNA damage contributes to loss of cell and tissue homeostasis. Ercc1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts were more sensitive than wild-type (WT) cells to the LPO products: 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), crotonaldehyde and malondialdehyde. ERCC1-XPF hypomorphic mice were hypersensitive to CCl4 and a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, two potent inducers of endogenous LPO. To gain insight into the mechanism of how LPO influences DNA repair-deficient cells, we measured the impact of the major endogenous LPO product, HNE, on WT and Ercc1-/- cells. HNE inhibited proliferation, stimulated ROS and LPO formation, induced DNA base damage, strand breaks, error-prone translesion DNA synthesis and cellular senescence much more potently in Ercc1-/- cells than in DNA repair-competent control cells. HNE also deregulated base excision repair and energy production pathways. Our observations that ERCC1-deficient cells and mice are hypersensitive to LPO implicates LPO-induced DNA damage in contributing to cellular demise and tissue degeneration, notably even when the source of LPO is dietary polyunsaturated fats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Czerwińska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Nowak
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Wojtczak
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Dziuban-Lech
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jarosław M Cieśla
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Daria Kołata
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Beata Gajewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Andria R Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Hillary L Shane
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Siobhán Q Gregg
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Lora H Rigatti
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Matthew J Yousefzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
| | - Aditi U Gurkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
| | - Sara J McGowan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
| | - Konrad Kosicki
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Bednarek
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Zarakowska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Daniel Gackowski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Oliński
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Speina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
| | - Barbara Tudek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yates SA, Dempster NM, Murphy MF, Moore SA. Quantitative analysis of malondialdehyde-guanine adducts in genomic DNA samples by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:762-770. [PMID: 28231608 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde forms M1 dG adducts with guanine bases in genomic DNA. The analysis of these adducts is important as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress and inflammation which may be linked to disease risk or exposure to a range of chemicals. METHODS Genomic DNA samples were subjected to acid hydrolysis to release the adducts in the base form (M1 G) alongside the other purines. A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method was optimised for the quantitation of the M1 G adducts in genomic DNA samples using product ion and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scans. RESULTS Product ion scans revealed four product ions from the precursor ion; m/z 188 → 160, 133, 106 and 79. The two smallest ions have not been observed previously and optimisation of the method revealed that these gave better sensitivity (LOQ m/z 79: 162 adducts per 107 nucleotides; m/z 106: 147 adducts per 107 nucleotides) than the other two ions. An MRM method gave similar sensitivity but the two smallest product ions gave better accuracy (94-95%). Genomic DNA treated with malondialdehyde showed a linear dose-response relationship. CONCLUSIONS A fast reliable sample preparation method was used to release adducts in the base form rather than the nucleoside. The methods were optimised to selectively analyse the adducts in the presence of other DNA bases without the need for further sample clean-up. Analysis of genomic DNA gave results consistent with previous work and was applied to new samples. Thus, the method is suitable for the analysis of M1 (d)G adducts in biological samples. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Yates
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Nicola M Dempster
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Mark F Murphy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hemeryck LY, Moore SA, Vanhaecke L. Mass Spectrometric Mapping of the DNA Adductome as a Means to Study Genotoxin Exposure, Metabolism, and Effect. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7436-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lieselot Y. Hemeryck
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department
of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, B-9820, Belgium
| | - Sharon A. Moore
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty
of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department
of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, B-9820, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Catalysts of DNA Strand Cleavage at Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Sites. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28894. [PMID: 27363485 PMCID: PMC4929455 DOI: 10.1038/srep28894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are constantly formed in cellular DNA due to instability of the glycosidic bond, particularly at purines and various oxidized, alkylated, or otherwise damaged nucleobases. AP sites are also generated by DNA glycosylases that initiate DNA base excision repair. These lesions represent a significant block to DNA replication and are extremely mutagenic. Some DNA glycosylases possess AP lyase activities that nick the DNA strand at the deoxyribose moiety via a β- or β,δ-elimination reaction. Various amines can incise AP sites via a similar mechanism, but this non-enzymatic cleavage typically requires high reagent concentrations. Herein, we describe a new class of small molecules that function at low micromolar concentrations as both β- and β,δ-elimination catalysts at AP sites. Structure-activity relationships have established several characteristics that appear to be necessary for the formation of an iminium ion intermediate that self-catalyzes the elimination at the deoxyribose ring.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma B, Villalta PW, Balbo S, Stepanov I. Analysis of a malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine adduct in human leukocyte DNA by liquid chromatography nanoelectrospray-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1829-36. [PMID: 25181548 PMCID: PMC4203394 DOI: 10.1021/tx5002699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Malondialdehyde
(MDA), an endogenous genotoxic product formed upon
lipid peroxidation and prostaglandin biosynthesis, can react with
DNA to form stable adducts. These adducts may contribute to the development
of such inflammation-mediated diseases as cancer and cardiovascular
and neurodegenerative diseases. The predominant MDA-derived DNA adduct
formed under physiological conditions is 3-(2-deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine (M1dG). In this study, we developed
a novel liquid chromatography (LC)–nanoelectrospray ionization
(NSI)–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) method
for the analysis of M1dG in human leukocyte DNA. After
enzymatic hydrolysis of DNA, M1dG and the added internal
standard [13C3]M1dG were reduced
to their 5,6-dihydro derivatives by addition of sodium borohydride
to the hydrolysate and purified by solid-phase extraction and column
chromatography. The 5,6-dihydro derivatives in the purified samples
were analyzed by LC–NSI–HRMS/MS using higher-energy
collisional dissociation (HCD) fragmentation, isolation widths of
1 Da for both the analyte and internal standard, and a resolution
of 50 000. The detection limit of the developed method is 5
amol on-column, and the limit of quantitation is 0.125 fmol/mg DNA
starting with 200 μg of DNA. Method accuracy and precision were
characterized. The developed method was further applied to the analysis
of leukocyte DNA from 50 human subjects. M1dG was detected
in all samples and ranged from 0.132 to 275 fmol/mg DNA, or 0.004
to 9.15 adducts per 108 bases. This unique and highly sensitive
HRMS/MS-based method can be used in future studies investigating the
pathophysiological role of M1dG in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Masonic Cancer Center and ‡Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota , Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang B, Liu W, Chen K, Wang Z, Wang C. Metabolism of Diosbulbin B In Vitro and In Vivo in Rats: Formation of Reactive Metabolites and Human Enzymes Involved. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1737-50. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.058222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
10
|
Chung FL, Wu MY, Basudan A, Dyba M, Nath RG. Regioselective formation of acrolein-derived cyclic 1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine adducts mediated by amino acids, proteins, and cell lysates. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1921-8. [PMID: 22853434 DOI: 10.1021/tx3002252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein (Acr) is a major component in cigarette smoke and a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. It is also formed as a product of lipid peroxidation. Following ring closure via the Michael addition, Acr modifies deoxyguanosine (dG) in DNA by forming cyclic 1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine adducts (OHPdG). The reactions of Acr with dG yield, depending on the direction of ring closure, two regioisomers, α- and γ-OHPdG, in approximately equal amounts. However, previous (32)P-postlabeling studies showed that the γ isomers were detected predominantly in the DNA of rodent and human tissues. Because of the potential differential biological activity of the isomeric OHPdG adducts, it is important to confirm and study the chemical basis of the regioselective formation of γ isomers in vivo. In this study, it is confirmed that γ-OHPdG adducts are indeed the major isomers formed in vivo as evidenced by a LC-MS/MS method specifically developed for Acr-derived dG adducts. Furthermore, we have shown that the formation of γ-isomers is increased in the presence of amino-containing compounds, including amino acids, proteins, and cell lysates. A product of Acr and arginine that appears to mediate the regioselective formation of γ isomers was identified, but its structure was not fully characterized due to its instability. This study demonstrates that intracellular amino-containing compounds may influence the regiochemistry of the formation of OHPdG adducts and reveals a mechanism for the preferential formation of γ-OHPdG by Acr in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fung-Lung Chung
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical School, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cadet J, Loft S, Olinski R, Evans MD, Bialkowski K, Richard Wagner J, Dedon PC, Møller P, Greenberg MM, Cooke MS. Biologically relevant oxidants and terminology, classification and nomenclature of oxidatively generated damage to nucleobases and 2-deoxyribose in nucleic acids. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:367-81. [PMID: 22263561 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.659248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A broad scientific community is involved in investigations aimed at delineating the mechanisms of formation and cellular processing of oxidatively generated damage to nucleic acids. Perhaps as a consequence of this breadth of research expertise, there are nomenclature problems for several of the oxidized bases including 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua), a ubiquitous marker of almost every type of oxidative stress in cells. Efforts to standardize the nomenclature and abbreviations of the main DNA degradation products that arise from oxidative pathways are reported. Information is also provided on the main oxidative radicals, non-radical oxygen species, one-electron agents and enzymes involved in DNA degradation pathways as well in their targets and reactivity. A brief classification of oxidatively generated damage to DNA that may involve single modifications, tandem base modifications, intrastrand and interstrand cross-links together with DNA-protein cross-links and base adducts arising from the addition of lipid peroxides breakdown products is also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Direction des Sciences de Matière, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA/Grenoble, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nath RG, Wu MY, Emami A, Chung FL. Effects of epigallocatechin gallate, L-ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and dihydrolipoic acid on the formation of deoxyguanosine adducts derived from lipid peroxidation. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:622-9. [PMID: 20574923 DOI: 10.1080/01635580903532424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) releases alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes that modify deoxyguanosine (dG) to form cyclic 1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine adducts. One of the major adducts detected in vivo is acrolein (Acr)-derived 1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine (Acr-dG). We used a chemical model system to examine the effects of 4 antioxidants known to inhibit fatty acid oxidation on the formation of Acr-dG and 8-oxodeoxyguaonsine (8-oxodG) from the PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) under oxidative conditions. We found that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) inhibit both Acr-dG and 8-oxodG formation. In contrast, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol actually increase Acr-dG at high concentrations and do not show a concentration-dependant inhibition of 8-oxodG. We also studied their effects on blocking Acr-dG formation directly from Acr. EGCG and DHLA can both effectively block Acr-dG formation, but ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol show weak or little effect. These results highlight the complexity of antioxidant mechanisms and also reveal that EGCG and DHLA are effective at suppressing lipid peroxidation-induced Acr-dG and 8-oxodG formation as well as blocking the reaction of dG with Acr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghu G Nath
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cooke MS, Loft S, Olinski R, Evans MD, Bialkowski K, Wagner JR, Dedon PC, Møller P, Greenberg MM, Cadet J. Recommendations for standardized description of and nomenclature concerning oxidatively damaged nucleobases in DNA. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:705-7. [PMID: 20235554 DOI: 10.1021/tx1000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
14
|
Moore SA, Xeniou O, Zeng ZT, Humphreys E, Burr S, Gottschalg E, Bingham SA, Shuker DEG. Optimizing immunoslot blot assays and application to low DNA adduct levels using an amplification approach. Anal Biochem 2010; 403:67-73. [PMID: 20399191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunoslot blot assays have been used for the analysis of many DNA adducts, but problems are frequently encountered in achieving reproducible results. Each step of the assay was examined systematically, and it was found that the major problems are in the DNA fragmentation step and the use of the manifold apparatus. Optimization was performed on both the malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine (M(1)dG) adduct and the O(6)-carboxymethyl-deoxyguanosine (O(6)CMdG) adduct to demonstrate the applicability to other DNA adducts. Blood samples from the European Prospective Investigation on Cancer (EPIC) study (n = 162) were analyzed for M(1)dG adducts, and the data showed no correlation with adduct levels in other tissues, indicating that the EPIC blood samples were not useful for studying M(1)dG adducts. Blood samples from a processed meat versus vegetarian diet intervention (n = 6) were analyzed for O(6)CMdG, and many were below the limit of detection. The reduction of background adduct levels in standard DNA was investigated using chemical and whole genome amplification approaches. The latter gave a sensitivity improvement of 2.6 adducts per 10(7) nucleotides for the analysis of O(6)CMdG. Subsequent reanalysis for O(6)CMdG showed a weakly significant increase in O(6)CMdG on the processed meat diet compared with the vegetarian diet, demonstrating that further studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Moore
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Himmelstein MW, Boogaard PJ, Cadet J, Farmer PB, Kim JH, Martin EA, Persaud R, Shuker DEG. Creating context for the use of DNA adduct data in cancer risk assessment: II. Overview of methods of identification and quantitation of DNA damage. Crit Rev Toxicol 2010; 39:679-94. [PMID: 19743945 DOI: 10.1080/10408440903164163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The formation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) adducts can have important and adverse consequences for cellular and whole organism function. Available methods for identification of DNA damage and quantification of adducts are reviewed. Analyses can be performed on various samples including tissues, isolated cells, and intact or hydrolyzed (digested) DNA from a variety of biological samples of interest for monitoring in humans. Sensitivity and specificity are considered key factors for selecting the type of method for assessing DNA perturbation. The amount of DNA needed for analysis is dependent upon the method and ranges widely, from <1 microg to 3 mg. The methods discussed include the Comet assay, the ligation-mediated polymerase reaction, histochemical and immunologic methods, radiolabeled ((14)C- and (3)H-) binding, (32)P-postlabeling, and methods dependent on gas chromatography (GC) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection by electron capture, electrochemical detection, single or tandem mass spectrometry, or accelerator mass spectrometry. Sensitivity is ranked, and ranges from approximately 1 adduct in 10(4) to 10(12) nucleotides. A brief overview of oxidatively generated DNA damage is also presented. Assay limitations are discussed along with issues that may have impact on the reliability of results, such as sample collection, processing, and storage. Although certain methodologies are mature, improving technology will continue to enhance the specificity and sensitivity of adduct analysis. Because limited guidance and recommendations exist for adduct analysis, this effort supports the HESI Committee goal of developing a framework for use of DNA adduct data in risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Himmelstein
- DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Taha M, Lee MJ. Buffer interactions: Densities and solubilities of some selected biological buffers in water and in aqueous 1,4-dioxane solutions. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Zhang H, Bren U, Kozekov ID, Rizzo CJ, Stec DF, Guengerich FP. Steric and electrostatic effects at the C2 atom substituent influence replication and miscoding of the DNA deamination product deoxyxanthosine and analogs by DNA polymerases. J Mol Biol 2009; 392:251-69. [PMID: 19607842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Deoxyinosine (dI) and deoxyxanthosine (dX) are both formed in DNA at appreciable levels in vivo by deamination of deoxyadenosine (dA) and deoxyguanosine (dG), respectively, and can miscode. Structure-activity relationships for dA pairing have been examined extensively using analogs but relatively few studies have probed the roles of the individual hydrogen-bonding atoms of dG in DNA replication. The replicative bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase/exonuclease and the translesion DNA polymerase Sulfolobus solfataricus pol IV were used as models to discern the mechanisms of miscoding by DNA polymerases. Removal of the 2-amino group from the template dG (i.e., dI) had little impact on the catalytic efficiency of either polymerase, as judged by either steady-state or pre-steady-state kinetic analysis, although the misincorporation frequency was increased by an order of magnitude. dX was highly miscoding with both polymerases, and incorporation of several bases was observed. The addition of an electronegative fluorine atom at the 2-position of dI lowered the oligonucleotide T(m) and strongly inhibited incorporation of dCTP. The addition of bromine or oxygen (dX) at C2 lowered the T(m) further, strongly inhibited both polymerases, and increased the frequency of misincorporation. Linear activity models show the effects of oxygen (dX) and the halogens at C2 on both DNA polymerases as mainly due to a combination of both steric and electrostatic factors, producing a clash with the paired cytosine O2 atom, as opposed to either bulk or perturbation of purine ring electron density alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Szekely J, Rizzo CJ, Marnett LJ. Chemical properties of oxopropenyl adducts of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and their reactivity toward amino acid cross-link formation. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:2195-201. [PMID: 18225895 DOI: 10.1021/ja074506u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N2-oxopropenyldeoxyguanosine (2) forms in duplex DNA by modification of dG residues with base propenal or malondialdehyde. The pKa of 2 was estimated to be 6.9 from the pH dependence of its ring-closing to the pyrimidopurinone derivative 1. The acidity of 2 may be an important determinant of its miscoding properties and its reactivity to nucleophiles in DNA or protein. To test this hypothesis, analogous N-oxopropenyl derivatives of dA (4), dC (5), and N1-methyl-dG (6) were synthesized and their pKa's were determined by optical titration. The N-oxopropenyl derivatives of dA and dC both exhibited pKa's of 10.5, whereas the N-oxopropenyl derivative of N1-methyldG exhibited a pKa of 8.2. Cross-linking of 2, 4, 5, and 6 to N(alpha)-acetyl-lysine was explored at neutral pH. Adduct 2 did not react with N(alpha)-acetyl-lysine, whereas 4-6 readily formed cross-links. The structures of the cross-links were elucidated, and their stabilities were investigated. The results define the acidity of oxopropenyl deoxynucleosides and highlight its importance to their reactivity toward nucleophiles. This study also identifies the structures of a potential novel class of DNA-protein cross-links.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Szekely
- Department of Chemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kupan A, Saulière A, Broussy S, Seguy C, Pratviel G, Meunier B. Guanine Oxidation by Electron Transfer: One- versus Two-Electron Oxidation Mechanism. Chembiochem 2005; 7:125-33. [PMID: 16323222 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200500284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The degeneracy of the guanine radical cation, which is formed in DNA by oxidation of guanine by electron transfer, was studied by a detailed analysis of the oxidation products of guanine on oligonucleotide duplexes and by labeling experiments. It was shown that imidazolone, the major product of guanine oxidation, is formed through a one-electron oxidation process and incorporates one oxygen atom from O2. The formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine by a two-electron oxidation process was a minor pathway. The two-electron oxidation mechanism was also evidenced by the formation of a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane adduct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kupan
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex4, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jeong YC, Nakamura J, Upton PB, Swenberg JA. Pyrimido[1,2-a]-purin-10(3H)-one, M1G, is less prone to artifact than base oxidation. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:6426-34. [PMID: 16282591 PMCID: PMC1283527 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrimido[1,2-a]-purin-10(3H)-one (M1G) is a secondary DNA damage product arising from primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage to membrane lipids or deoxyribose. The present study investigated conditions that might lead to artifactual formation or loss of M1G during DNA isolation. The addition of antioxidants, DNA isolation at low temperature or non-phenol extraction methods had no statistically significant effect on the number of M1G adducts measured in either control or positive control tissue samples. The number of M1G adducts in nuclear DNA isolated from brain, liver, kidney, pancreas, lung and heart of control male rats were 0.8, 1.1, 1.1, 1.1, 1.8 and 4.2 M1G/10(8) nt, respectively. In rat liver tissue, the mitochondrial DNA contained a 2-fold greater number of M1G adducts compared with nuclear DNA. Overall, the results from this study demonstrated that measuring M1G is a reliable way to assess oxidative DNA damage because the number of M1G adducts is significantly affected by the amount of ROS production, but not by DNA isolation procedures. In addition, this study confirmed that the background number of M1G adducts reported in genomic DNA could have been overestimated by one to three orders of magnitude in previous reports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James A. Swenberg
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 919 966 6139; Fax: +1 919 966 6123;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Riggins JN, Daniels JS, Rouzer CA, Marnett LJ. Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of the hydrolytic ring-opening of the malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine adduct, 3-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)- pyrimido[1,2-alpha]purin-10(3H)-one. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:8237-43. [PMID: 15225065 DOI: 10.1021/ja040009r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
3-(2'-Deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-alpha]purin-10(3H)-one (M1dG) is the major reaction product of deoxyguanosine with malondialdehyde or base propenals. M1dG undergoes hydrolytic ring-opening to N2-oxopropenyl-deoxyguanosine (N2OPdG) under basic conditions. We report that ring-opening of M1dG as a nucleoside or in oligonucleotides is a reversible second-order reaction with hydroxide ion. NMR and UV analysis revealed N2OPdG(-) to be the only product of M1dG ring-opening in basic solution. The rate constant for reaction of M1dG with hydroxide is 3.8 M(-1) s(-1), and the equilibrium constant is calculated to be 2.1 +/- 0.3 x 10(4) M(-1) at 25 degrees C. Equilibrium constants determined by spectroscopic analysis of the reaction end-point or by thermodynamic analysis of rate constants determined over a range of temperatures yielded a value 2.5 +/- 0.2 x 10(4) M(-1). Kinetic analysis of ring-opening of M1dG in oligonucleotides indicated the rate constant for ring-opening is decreased 10-fold compared to that in the nucleoside. Flanking purines or pyrimidines did not significantly alter the rate constants for ring-opening, but purines flanking M1dG enhanced the rate constant for the reverse reaction. A mechanism is proposed for ring-opening of M1dG under basic conditions and a role is proposed for duplex DNA in accelerating the rate of ring-opening of M1dG at neutral pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James N Riggins
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim HYH, Voehler M, Harris TM, Stone MP. Detection of an interchain carbinolamine cross-link formed in a CpG sequence by the acrolein DNA adduct gamma-OH-1,N( 2)-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:9324-5. [PMID: 12166998 DOI: 10.1021/ja020333r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic evidence is presented for the formation of a carbinolamine interchain cross-link in 5'-CpG-3' sequences, arising from the acrolein adduct gamma-OH-PdG. This may be important in understanding biological processing of acrolein-induced DNA damage in CpG sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young H Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
A major development of carcinogenesis research in the past 20 years has been the discovery of significant levels of DNA damage arising from endogenous cellular sources. Dramatic improvements in analytical chemistry have provided sensitive and specific methodology for identification and quantitation of DNA adducts. Application of these techniques to the analysis of nuclear DNA from human tissues has debunked the notion that the human genome is pristine in the absence of exposure to environmental carcinogens. Much endogenous DNA damage arises from intermediates of oxygen reduction that either attack the bases or the deoxyribosyl backbone of DNA. Alternatively, oxygen radicals can attack other cellular components such as lipids to generate reactive intermediates that couple to DNA bases. Endogenous DNA lesions are genotoxic and induce mutations that are commonly observed in mutated oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Their mutagenicity is mitigated by repair via base excision and nucleotide excision pathways. The levels of oxidative DNA damage reported in many human tissues or in animal models of carcinogenesis exceed the levels of lesions induced by exposure to exogenous carcinogenic compounds. Thus, it seems likely that oxidative DNA damage is important in the etiology of many human cancers. This review highlights some of the major accomplishments in the study of oxidative DNA damage and its role in carcinogenesis. It also identifies controversies that need to be resolved. Unraveling the contributions to tumorigenesis of DNA damage from endogenous and exogenous sources represents a major challenge for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Marnett
- A.B. Hancock Jr Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Johnson KA, Mierzwa ML, Fink SP, Marnett LJ. MutS recognition of exocyclic DNA adducts that are endogenous products of lipid oxidation. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:27112-8. [PMID: 10480926 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.38.27112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the methyl-directed mismatch repair system to recognize and repair the exocyclic adducts propanodeoxyguanosine (PdG) and pyrimido[1,2-alpha]purin-10(3H)-one (M(1)G), the major adduct derived from the endogenous mutagen malondialdehyde, has been assessed both in vivo and in vitro. Both adducts were site-specifically incorporated into M13MB102 DNA, and the adducted genomes were electroporated into wild-type or mutS-deficient Escherichia coli strains. A decrease in mutations caused by both adducts was observed in mutS-deficient strains, suggesting that MutS was binding to the adducts and blocking repair by nucleotide excision repair. This hypothesis was supported by the differences in mutation frequency observed when hemimethylated genomes containing PdG on the (-)-strand were electroporated into a uvrA(-) strain. The ability of purified MutS to bind to PdG- or M(1)G-containing 31-mer duplexes in vitro was assessed using both surface plasmon resonance and gel shift assays. MutS bound to M(1)G:T-containing duplexes with similar affinity to a G:T mismatch but less strongly to M(1)G:C- and PdG-containing duplexes. Dissociation from each of the adduct-containing duplexes occurred at a faster rate than from a G:T mismatch. The present results indicate that MutS can bind to exocyclic adducts resulting from endogenous DNA damage and trigger their removal by mismatch repair or protect them from removal by nucleotide excision repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Johnson
- A. B. Hancock, Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mao H, Schnetz-Boutaud NC, Weisenseel JP, Marnett LJ, Stone MP. Duplex DNA catalyzes the chemical rearrangement of a malondialdehyde deoxyguanosine adduct. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:6615-20. [PMID: 10359760 PMCID: PMC21963 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.12.6615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary DNA lesion induced by malondialdehyde, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation and prostaglandin synthesis, is 3-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-pyrimido[1, 2-a]purin-10(3H)-one (M1G). When placed opposite cytosine (underlined) at neutral pH in either the d(GGTMTCCG).d(CGGACACC) or d(ATCGCMCGGCATG). d(CATGCCGCGCGAT) duplexes, M1G spontaneously and quantitatively converts to the ring-opened derivative N2-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-dG. Ring-opening is reversible on thermal denaturation. Ring-opening does not occur at neutral pH in single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides or when T is placed opposite to M1G in a duplex. The presence of a complementary cytosine is not required to stabilize N2-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-dG in duplex DNA at neutral pH. When N2-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-dG is placed opposite to thymine in a duplex, it does not revert to M1G. A mechanism for the conversion of M1G to N2-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-dG is proposed in which the exocyclic amino group of the complementary cytosine attacks the C8 position of the M1G exocyclic ring and facilitates ring opening via formation of a transient Schiff base. Addition of water to the Schiff base regenerates the catalytic cytosine and generates N2-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-dG. These results document the ability of duplex DNA to catalyze the transformation of one adduct into another, which may have important consequences for mutagenesis and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology and the E. Bronson Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fink SP, Reddy GR, Marnett LJ. Mutagenicity in Escherichia coli of the major DNA adduct derived from the endogenous mutagen malondialdehyde. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:8652-7. [PMID: 9238032 PMCID: PMC23062 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.16.8652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of mutations induced by the naturally occurring DNA adduct pyrimido[1,2-alpha]purin-10(3H)-one (M1G) was determined by site-specific approaches using M13 vectors replicated in Escherichia coli. M1G was placed at position 6256 in the (-)-strand of M13MB102 by ligating the oligodeoxynucleotide 5'-GGT(M1G)TCCG-3' into a gapped-duplex derivative of the vector. Unmodified and M1G-modified genomes containing either a cytosine or thymine at position 6256 of the (+)-strand were transformed into repair-proficient and repair-deficient E. coli strains, and base pair substitutions were quantitated by hybridization analysis. Modified genomes containing a cytosine opposite M1G resulted in roughly equal numbers of M1G-->A and M1G-->T mutations with few M1G-->C mutations. The total mutation frequency was approximately 1%, which represents a 500-fold increase in mutations compared with unmodified M13MB102. Transformation of modified genomes containing a thymine opposite M1G allowed an estimate to be made of the ability of M1G to block replication. The (-)-strand was replicated >80% of the time in the unadducted genome but only 20% of the time when M1G was present. Correction of the mutation frequency for the strand bias of replication indicated that the actual frequency of mutations induced by M1G was 18%. Experiments using E. coli with different genetic backgrounds indicated that the SOS response enhances the mutagenicity of M1G and that M1G is a substrate for repair by the nucleotide excision repair complex. These studies indicate that M1G, which is present endogenously in DNA of healthy human beings, is a strong block to replication and an efficient premutagenic lesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S P Fink
- Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology and The Vanderbilt Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|