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Adwan H, Georges R, Pervaiz A, Berger MR. Investigation of Metastasis-Related Genes: A Rat Model Mimicking Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2017; 7:152. [PMID: 28770169 PMCID: PMC5513954 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver is the main target of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. Currently, the number of reports is small, which describe changes in gene expression supporting liver metastasis. Here, a rat model was used for analyzing mRNA modulations during liver colonization and compared with available literature. In the model, CC531 rat CRC cells were injected via a mesenteric vein into isogenic WAG/Rij rats and re-isolated at early, intermediate, advanced, and terminal stages of liver colonization. These cells were used for RNA isolation. Microarrays were used for analyzing mRNA profiles of expression. The number of deregulated genes is comparatively large and only part of it has been studied so far. As reported to date, claudins and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) were found to be deregulated. The fact that the chosen method is efficient is confirmed by the study of claudins and IGFBPs, which show altered expression in the initial stages of liver colonization and then return to normalcy. In addition, cadherin was described to be downregulated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition models. It can, therefore, be concluded that the models used are helpful in finding genes, which are instrumental for metastatic liver colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Adwan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Georges
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asim Pervaiz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Martin R Berger
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Eller C, Chao TY, Singarapu KK, Ouerfelli O, Yang G, Markley JL, Danishefsky SJ, Raines RT. Human Cancer Antigen Globo H Is a Cell-Surface Ligand for Human Ribonuclease 1. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2015; 1:181-190. [PMID: 26405690 PMCID: PMC4571170 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.5b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic-type ribonucleases are secretory enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of RNA. Recent efforts have endowed the homologues from cow (RNase A) and human (RNase 1) with toxicity for cancer cells, leading to a clinical trial. The basis for the selective toxicity of ribonuclease variants for cancerous versus noncancerous cells has, however, been unclear. A screen for RNase A ligands in an array of mammalian cell-surface glycans revealed strong affinity for a hexasaccharide, Globo H, that is a tumor-associated antigen and the basis for a vaccine in clinical trials. The affinity of RNase A and RNase 1 for immobilized Globo H is in the low micromolar-high nanomolar range. Moreover, reducing the display of Globo H on the surface of human breast adenocarcinoma cells with a small-molecule inhibitor of biosynthesis or a monoclonal antibody antagonist decreases the toxicity of an RNase 1 variant. Finally, heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy showed that RNase 1 interacts with Globo H by using residues that are distal from the enzymic active site. The discovery that a systemic human ribonuclease binds to a moiety displayed on human cancer cells links two clinical paradigms and suggests a mechanism for innate resistance to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelcie
H. Eller
- Department of Biochemistry, National Magnetic Resonance Facility
at Madison, and Department of Chemistry, University of
Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tzu-Yuan Chao
- Department of Biochemistry, National Magnetic Resonance Facility
at Madison, and Department of Chemistry, University of
Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kiran K. Singarapu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Magnetic Resonance Facility
at Madison, and Department of Chemistry, University of
Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ouathek Ouerfelli
- Organic Synthesis Core
Facility and Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Guangbin Yang
- Organic Synthesis Core
Facility and Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - John L. Markley
- Department of Biochemistry, National Magnetic Resonance Facility
at Madison, and Department of Chemistry, University of
Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Organic Synthesis Core
Facility and Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Biochemistry, National Magnetic Resonance Facility
at Madison, and Department of Chemistry, University of
Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- E-mail:
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Le Pendu J, Marionneau S, Cailleau-Thomas A, Rocher J, Le Moullac-Vaidye B, Clément M. ABH and Lewis histo-blood group antigens in cancer. APMIS 2001; 109:9-31. [PMID: 11297197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2001.tb00011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antigens of the ABH and Lewis histo-blood group family can be found on many normal cells, mainly of epithelial type. In carcinomas, altered expression of the various carbohydrate epitopes of this family occur, and are often strongly associated with either a good or bad prognosis. A review of the available data on these tumor-associated markers, their biosynthesis and their prognostic value is proposed here. For a long time it has been unclear whether their presence could affect the behavior of carcinoma cells. Recent data, however, indicate that they play biological roles in the course of tumor progression. The presence of sialyl-Le(a) or sialyl-Le(x), which are ligands for selectins, promotes the metastatic process by facilitating interaction with the endothelium of distant organs. The loss of A and B antigens increases cellular motility, while the presence of H epitopes increases resistance to apoptosis by mechanisms that remain to be defined. The Le(y) antigen has procoagulant and angiogenic activities. All these observations are used to present a model that may account for the described associations between the presence or loss of these markers and the outcome of disease. Finally, their potential clinical applications as tumor-associated markers or as targets of immunotherapy are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Le Pendu
- INSERM U419, Institute of Biology, Nantes, France.
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