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Immunological Separation of Bioactive Natural Compounds from Crude Drug Extract and Its Application for Cell-Based Studies. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10040048. [PMID: 34940000 PMCID: PMC8698370 DOI: 10.3390/antib10040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a review on a useful approach, namely, immunoaffinity column coupled with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), to separate natural compounds and its application for cell-based studies. The immunoaffinity column aids in separating the specific target compound from the crude extract. The column capacity was stable even after more than 10 purification cycles of use under the same conditions. After applying the crude extract to the column, the column was washed with washing buffer and eluted with elution buffer. The elution fraction contained the target compound bound to MAb, whereas the washing fraction was the crude extract, which contained all compounds except a group of target compounds; therefore, the washing fraction was referred to as a knockout (KO) crude extract. Cell-based studies using the KO extract revealed the actual effects of the natural compounds in the crude extract. One-step separation of natural compounds using the immunoaffinity column coupled with MAbs may help in determining the potential functions of natural compounds in crude extracts.
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Shoyama Y. Studies on Natural Products Using Monoclonal Antibodies: A Review. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:43. [PMID: 34842627 PMCID: PMC8628510 DOI: 10.3390/antib10040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An immunoblotting system ("eastern blotting") was developed for small-molecule herbal medicines like glycosides, with no conjugation function to the membrane. Briefly, the crude extracts of herb medicines were developed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The small-molecule herbal medicines on TLC plates were transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyethersulfone (PES) membranes by heating. Antigen components were divided into two categories based on their function, i.e., their membrane recognizing (aglycone part) and fixing (sugar moiety) abilities. This procedure allows for the staining of only target glycosides. Double eastern blotting was developed as a further staining system for two herb medicines using a set of MAbs and substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Shoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
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Yan X, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Qu H. Monoclonal Antibodies and Immunoassay for Medical Plant-Derived Natural Products: A Review. Molecules 2017; 22:E355. [PMID: 28245640 PMCID: PMC6155174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the widespread application value, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have become a tool of increasing importance in modern bioscience research since their emergence. Recently, some researchers have focused on the production of MAbs against medical plant-derived natural products (MPNP), the secondary metabolites of medical plants. At the same time, various immunoassay methods were established on the basis of these MPNP MAbs, and then rapidly developed into a novel technique for medical plant and phytomedicine research in the area of quality control, pharmacological analysis, drug discovery, and so on. Dependent on the research works carried out in recent years, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of MAbs against MPNP and the application of various immunoassay methods established on the basis of these MAbs, and conclude with a short section on future prospects and research trends in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Huihua Qu
- Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Qu H, Zhang Y, Qu B, Cheng J, Liu S, Feng S, Wang Q, Zhao Y. Novel immunoassay and rapid immunoaffinity chromatography method for the detection and selective extraction of naringin inCitrus aurantium. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1389-98. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Qu
- Centre of Scientific Experiment; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Baoping Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Jinjun Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Shuchen Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Shenglan Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
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Qu H, Qu B, Wang X, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Zeng W, Liu S, Wang Q, Zhao Y. Rapid, sensitive separation of the three main isoflavones in soybean using immunoaffinity chromatography. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1195-201. [PMID: 26813984 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Daidzin, genistin, and glycitein are major isoflavone compounds in soybean that are indispensable nutrients in traditional Chinese foods. Generally, strategies for detecting and separating soy isoflavones have been based on HPLC and chromatographic techniques, which are tedious and time-consuming procedures. In the present study, we developed an ELISA-based approach for daidzin detection using a broad-specificity monoclonal antibody (clone number: AA9) with an effective detection range of 10-10 000 ng/mL. Subsequently, we prepared an immunoaffinity column by coupling the monoclonal antibody AA9 to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. Our results demonstrate that the immunoaffinity column can efficiently and specifically extract daidzin, glycitein, and genistin from numerous structurally similar soy isoflavones in leguminous plants, thereby providing a new method for the extraction of target components from similar compounds in natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Qu
- Centre of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baoping Qu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjun Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuchen Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Zhao Y, Feng H, Shan W, Cheng J, Wang X, Zhao Y, Qu H, Wang Q. Development of immunoaffinity chromatography to specifically knockout baicalin from Gegenqinlian Decoction. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2746-52. [PMID: 26016729 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Specific knockout technology provides a powerful tool to confirm the role of target compounds in a plant or its derived prescriptions, and this principle is the same as that with knockout genes. In this study, we generated an immunoaffinity column conjugated with an anti-baicalin monoclonal antibody and then loaded Gegenqinlian Decoction extracts, followed by washing with deionized water and an elution solvent. The results of the high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints and high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry showed that the immunoaffinity column was able to specifically knockout baicalin, oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide, wogonoside, wogonin, and baicalein from Gegenqinlian Decoction. A reliable one-step method to specifically knockout baicalin was established with an immunoaffinity column. Gegenqinlian Decoction and its knocked-out fraction induced the expression of superoxide dismutase and were compared in human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured with a high glucose concentration; the results showed that the Gegenqinlian Decoction and its knocked-out fraction showed no significant difference, which indicated that the baicalin, oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide, wogonoside, wogonin, and baicalein that were knocked out by the immunoaffinity column might not be key compounds for the induction of Gegenqinlian Decoction superoxide dismutase secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Huibin Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Shan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjun Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Huihua Qu
- Scientific Research Experiment Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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Preparation of Knockout Extract by Immunoaffinity Column and Its Application. Antibodies (Basel) 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/antib1030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Monoclonal Antibodies against Small Molecule Natural Products and Their Applications, Eastern Blotting and Knockout Extract. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011. [PMCID: PMC4058671 DOI: 10.3390/ph4070950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the hapten number in hapten-carrier protein conjugate matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) tof mass spectrometry was applied. Highly specific anti-ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared. Ginsenosides were developed on thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates which were covered by a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane resulting in blotting. The membrane was treated with NaIO4 solution to release the aldehyde group on the sugar moiety of the ginsenosides. By treatment of the membrane with a protein solution the ginsenoside-protein conjugation as a Schiff-base occurred, which can function to fix it to the PVDF membrane. A part of the ginsenoside aglycone was reacted with anti-ginsenoside Rb1 MAb, secondary MAb conjugated with enzyme and finally a substrate was added, resulting in a specific and highly sensitive staining that we named Eastern blotting. Furthermore, it makes one-step isolation of ginsenoside Rb1 possible using an immuno-affinity column conjugated with anti-ginsenoside Rb1 MAb. Furthermore, immunoaffinity concentration was carried out allowing high sensitivity analysis of lower concentrations of ginsenoside Rb1 so that several unknown bands could be structurally determined.
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Driedger DR, Sporns P. Development of an Antibody against Diosgenin and Spiroaminoketal Alkaloids. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09540100051074185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Darcy R. Driedger
- a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Peter Sporns
- a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , T6G 2P5 , Canada
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Tanaka H, Fukuda N, Shoyama Y. Eastern blotting and immunoaffinity concentration using monoclonal antibody for ginseng saponins in the field of traditional chinese medicines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:3783-7. [PMID: 17455950 DOI: 10.1021/jf063457m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides separated by silica gel TLC blotted to a PVDF membrane that was treated with a NaIO4 solution followed by bovine serum albumin (BSA) resulted in a ginsenoside-BSA conjugate on a PVDF membrane. The blotted spots were stained by anti-ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1) and -Rg1 (G-Rg1) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The newly established immunostaining method, Eastern blotting, was applied for the determination of ginsenosides possessing protopanaxadiol and/or protopanaxatriol in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This method developed a new way to separate the ginsenoside molecule into two functional parts using a simple and well-known chemical reaction. The sugar parts were oxidized by NaIO4 to give dialdehydes, which reacted with amino groups of the protein and covalently bound to the adsorbent PVDF membrane. The MAb bound to the aglycon part of the ginsenoside molecule for immunostaining. Double staining of Eastern blotting for ginsenosides using anti-G-Rb1 and -Rg1 MAbs promoted complete identification of ginsenosides in Panax species. The immunoaffinity concentration of G-Rb1 was deteremined by immunoaffinity column conjugated with anti-G-Rb1 MAb leading to the knock-out extract, which will be useful for the pharmacological investigation. To concentrate and determine G-Rb1 in P. japonicus, the crude extract of P. japonicus was fractionated by immunoaffinity column conjugated with anti-G-Rb1 MAb. Two ginsenosides, chikusetsusaponins III and IV having protopanaxadiol as an aglycon, were identified by Eastern blotting, although it was expected that G-Rb1 might be a component of P. japonicus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Xu J, Tanaka H, Shoyama Y. One-step immunochromatographic separation and ELISA quantification of glycyrrhizin from traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 850:53-8. [PMID: 17112794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Revised: 10/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive constituent, glycyrrhizin or glycyrrhizic acid (GA), was purified from two traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), Shaoyao gancao tang and Dahuang gancao tang, and from crude extracts from licorice roots by means of immunoaffinity chromatography using anti-GA monoclonal antibody (MAb) and was quantified with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Laboratory preparations included the synthesis of conjugate GA-human serum albumin (GA-HSA), the production of anti-GA-MAb, the optimization of the immunoaffinity column packed with the anti-GA-MAb coupled to hydrazide gel and the determination of the GA content in TCM and crude drugs from five different sources by ELISA and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The experimental results reveal that the anti-GA-MAb coupled to Affi-Gel Hz gel results in a coupling efficiency of 95.2%, and the immunoaffinity chromatography gives a mean recovery of 97.6% of GA with a capacity of 33.5+/-2.40 microg/mL of immunoaffinity gel under the given conditions. The GA content of the crude extracts (ranging 74.8-114.6 microg/mg) from different sources by the ELISA method is much greater than that of the TCM (16.4-25.1 microg/mg) which is, in good agreement with the results of the HPLC method. Our report provides a rapid, reliable and sensitive approach for one-step separation and quantification of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsen Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
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Putalun W, Taura F, Qing W, Matsushita H, Tanaka H, Shoyama Y. Anti-solasodine glycoside single-chain Fv antibody stimulates biosynthesis of solasodine glycoside in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2003; 22:344-349. [PMID: 14504907 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-003-0689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2003] [Revised: 07/04/2003] [Accepted: 07/05/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We constructed a recombinant antibody fragment--single chain fragment-variable (scFv) antibody--derived from hybridoma cell lines to control the concentration of solasodine glycosides in hairy root cultures of Solanum khasianum transformed by the anti-solamargine (As)-scFv gene. The properties of the As-scFv protein expressed in Escherichia coli were almost identical to those of the parent monoclonal antibody (MAb). Up to 220 ng recombinant As-scFv was expressed per milligram of soluble protein in transgenic hairy root cultures of S. khasianum. The concentration of solasodine glycosides was 2.3-fold higher in the transgenic than in the wild-type hairy root, as reflected by the soluble As-scFv level and antigen binding activities. These results suggested that the scFv antibody expressed in transgenic hairy roots controlled the antigen level, thus representing a novel plant breeding methodology that can produce secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Putalun
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, 812-8582 Fukuoka, Japan
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Noda K, Tanaka K, Yamada A, Ogata J, Tanaka H, Shoyama Y. Simple assay for antitumour immunoactive glycoprotein derived from Chlorella vulgaris strain CK22 using ELISA. Phytother Res 2002; 16:581-5. [PMID: 12237820 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative ELISA system was developed using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for an antitumour immunoactive glycoprotein (CVS) derived from C. vulgaris strain CK22. The full measuring range of the assay extends from 0.63 to 10.0 ng/mL of CVS. Although no cross-reaction was observed to proteins tested or other biological response modifiers (BRMs) derived from different sources, cross-reactions were found with culture supernatants from two other strains of C. vulgaris having a strong antitumour immunoactivity. Treatment of CVS with protease, acid or alkali weakened or completely eliminated the reactivity against the MAb and also its antitumour immunoactivities. This ELISA system is suitable for the biologically active form of CVS derived from C. vulgaris strain CK22 and related immunoactive strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Noda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Fukuda N, Tanaka H, Shoyama Y. Isolation of the pharmacologically active saponin ginsenoside Rb1 from ginseng by immunoaffinity column chromatography. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2000; 63:283-285. [PMID: 10691730 DOI: 10.1021/np990356s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Immunoaffinity column chromatography using an anti-ginsenoside Rb1 monoclonal antibody has made possible a single-step separation of ginsenoside Rb1 from a crude extract of ginseng roots (Panax ginseng). The combination of immunoaffinity column chromatography and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fukuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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