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Quiniou C, Domínguez-Punaro M, Cloutier F, Erfani A, Ennaciri J, Sivanesan D, Sanchez M, Chognard G, Hou X, Rivera JC, Beauchamp C, Charron G, Vilquin M, Kuchroo V, Michnick S, Rioux JD, Lesage S, Chemtob S. Specific targeting of the IL-23 receptor, using a novel small peptide noncompetitive antagonist, decreases the inflammatory response. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1216-30. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00540.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IL-23 is part of the IL-12 family of cytokines and is composed of the p19 subunit specific to IL-23 and the p40 subunit shared with IL-12. IL-23 specifically contributes to the inflammatory process of multiple chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorders, including psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. So far, one antibody targeting the shared p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, Ustekinumab, is approved clinically to treat psoriasis. However, there are no treatments inhibiting specifically the IL-23 proinflammatory response. We have developed small IL-23R-specific antagonists by designing all D-peptides arising from flexible regions of IL-23R. Of these peptides, we selected 2305 (teeeqqly), since in addition to its soluble properties, it inhibited IL-23-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in spleen cells. Peptide 2305 specifically binds to IL-23R/IL-12Rβ1-expressing HEK-293 cells and not to cells devoid of the receptor. Peptide 2305 showed functional selectivity by modulating IL-23-induced gene expression in IL-23R/IL-12Rβ1-expressing cells and in Jurkat cells; 2305 does not inhibit IL-12-induced cytokine expression in IL-12Rβ-IL-12Rβ2-HEK-293 cells. Finally, compared with anti-p40 treatment, 2305 effectively and selectively inhibits IL-23-induced inflammation in three in vivo mouse models: IL-23-induced ear inflammation, anti-CD40-induced systemic inflammatory response, and collagen-induced arthritis. We, hereby, describe the discovery and characterization of a potent IL-23R small-peptide modulator, 2305 (teeeqqly), that is effective in vivo. 2305 may be more convenient, less cumbersome, less costly, and most importantly, more specific than current biologics for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, and conceivably complement the actual therapies for these chronic and debilitating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Quiniou
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Frank Cloutier
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Atefeh Erfani
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jamila Ennaciri
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Durgajini Sivanesan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mélanie Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gaëlle Chognard
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Xin Hou
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Marie Vilquin
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vijay Kuchroo
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Stephen Michnick
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - John D. Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
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Shivnaraine RV, Huang XP, Seidenberg M, Ellis J, Wells JW. Heterotropic cooperativity within and between protomers of an oligomeric M(2) muscarinic receptor. Biochemistry 2012; 51:4518-40. [PMID: 22551249 DOI: 10.1021/bi3000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
At least four allosteric sites have been found to mediate the dose-dependent effects of gallamine on the binding of [(3)H]quinuclidinylbenzilate (QNB) and N-[(3)H]methylscopolamine (NMS) to M(2) muscarinic receptors in membranes and solubilized preparations from porcine atria, CHO cells, and Sf9 cells. The rate of dissociation of [(3)H]QNB was affected in a bell-shaped manner with at least one Hill coefficient (n(H)) greater than 1, indicating that at least three allosteric sites are involved. The level of binding of [(3)H]QNB was decreased in a biphasic manner, revealing at least two allosteric sites; binding of [(3)H]NMS was affected in a triphasic, serpentine manner, revealing at least three sites, and values of n(H) >1 pointed to at least four sites. Several lines of evidence indicate that all effects of gallamine were allosteric in nature and could be observed at equilibrium. The rates of equilibration and dissociation suggest that the receptor was predominately oligomeric, and the heterogeneity revealed by gallamine can be attributed to differences in its affinity for the constituent protomers of a tetramer. Those differences appear to arise from inter- and intramolecular cooperativity between gallamine and the radioligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra V Shivnaraine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
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Jakubík J, El-Fakahany EE. Allosteric Modulation of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:2838-2860. [PMID: 27713379 PMCID: PMC4034100 DOI: 10.3390/ph3092838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An allosteric modulator is a ligand that binds to an allosteric site on the receptor and changes receptor conformation to produce increase (positive cooperativity) or decrease (negative cooperativity) in the binding or action of an orthosteric agonist (e.g., acetylcholine). Since the identification of gallamine as the first allosteric modulator of muscarinic receptors in 1976, this unique mode of receptor modulation has been intensively studied by many groups. This review summarizes over 30 years of research on the molecular mechanisms of allosteric interactions of drugs with the receptor and for new allosteric modulators of muscarinic receptors with potential therapeutic use. Identification of positive modulators of acetylcholine binding and function that enhance neurotransmission and the discovery of highly selective allosteric modulators are mile-stones on the way to novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease and other disorders involving impaired cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jakubík
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Esam E El-Fakahany
- Division of Neuroscience Research in Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Thor D, Le Duc D, Strotmann R, Schöneberg T. Luciferase activity under direct ligand-dependent control of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. BMC Biotechnol 2009; 9:46. [PMID: 19450256 PMCID: PMC2689208 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-9-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling enzyme activity by ligand binding to a regulatory domain of choice may have many applications e.g. as biosensors and as tools in regulating cellular functions. However, until now only a small number of ligand-binding domains have been successfully linked to enzyme activity. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are capable of recognizing an extraordinary structural variety of extracellular signals including inorganic and organic molecules. Ligand binding to GPCR results in conformational changes involving the transmembrane helices. Here, we assessed whether ligand-induced conformational changes within the GPCR helix bundle can be utilized to control the activity of an integrated enzyme. RESULTS As a proof of principle, we inserted the luciferase amino acid sequence into the third intracellular loop of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. This fusion protein retained both receptor and enzyme function. Receptor blockers slightly but significantly reduced enzyme activity. By successive deletion mutagenesis the enzyme activity was optimally coupled to ligand-induced conformational helix movements. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that in engineered GPCR-enzyme chimeras, intracellular enzyme activity can be directly controlled by a GPCR serving as the extracellular ligand-binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Thor
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Quiniou C, Sapieha P, Lahaie I, Hou X, Brault S, Beauchamp M, Leduc M, Rihakova L, Joyal JS, Nadeau S, Heveker N, Lubell W, Sennlaub F, Gobeil F, Miller G, Pshezhetsky AV, Chemtob S. Development of a novel noncompetitive antagonist of IL-1 receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:6977-87. [PMID: 18453620 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.10.6977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-1 is a major proinflammatory cytokine which interacts with the IL-1 receptor I (IL-1RI) complex, composed of IL-1RI and IL-1R accessory protein subunits. Currently available strategies to counter pathological IL-1 signaling rely on a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist, which directly competes with IL-1 for its binding site. Presently, there are no small antagonists of the IL-1RI complex. Given this void, we derived 15 peptides from loops of IL-1R accessory protein, which are putative interactive sites with the IL-1RI subunit. In this study, we substantiate the merits of one of these peptides, rytvela (we termed "101.10"), as an inhibitor of IL-1R and describe its properties consistent with those of an allosteric negative modulator. 101.10 (IC(50) approximately 1 nM) blocked human thymocyte proliferation in vitro, and demonstrated robust in vivo effects in models of hyperthermia and inflammatory bowel disease as well as topically in contact dermatitis, superior to corticosteroids and IL-1ra; 101.10 did not bind to IL-1RI deficient cells and was ineffective in vivo in IL-1RI knockout mice. Importantly, characterization of 101.10, revealed noncompetitive antagonist actions and functional selectivity by blocking certain IL-1R pathways while not affecting others. Findings describe the discovery of a potent and specific small (peptide) antagonist of IL-1RI, with properties in line with an allosteric negative modulator.
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Tahtaoui C, Parrot I, Klotz P, Guillier F, Galzi JL, Hibert M, Ilien B. Fluorescent pirenzepine derivatives as potential bitopic ligands of the human M1 muscarinic receptor. J Med Chem 2004; 47:4300-15. [PMID: 15294002 DOI: 10.1021/jm040800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Following a recent description of fluorescence resonance energy transfer between enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fused human muscarinic M1 receptors and Bodipy-labeled pirenzepine, we synthesized seven fluorescent derivatives of this antagonist in order to further characterize ligand-receptor interactions. These compounds carry Bodipy [558/568], Rhodamine Red-X [560/580], or Fluorolink Cy3 [550/570] fluorophores connected to pirenzepine through various linkers. All molecules reversibly bind with high affinity to M1 receptors (radioligand and energy transfer binding experiments) provided that the linker contains more than six atoms. The energy transfer efficiency exhibits modest variations among ligands, indicating that the distance separating EGFP from the fluorophores remains almost constant. This also supports the notion that the fluorophores may bind to the receptor protein. Kinetic analyses reveal that the dissociation of two Bodipy derivatives (10 or 12 atom long linkers) is sensitive to the presence of the allosteric modulator brucine, while that of all other molecules (15-24 atom long linkers) is not. The data favor the idea that these analogues might interact with both the acetylcholine and the brucine binding domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chouaib Tahtaoui
- Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie de la Communication Cellulaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR CNRS/ULP 7081, IFR 85, 74 route du Rhin, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
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Abstract
The binding properties of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are affected by various drugs acting at a second (allosteric) binding site, usually (but not always) at supratherapeutic concentrations. Allosteric drugs acting at GABA receptors present advantages over competitive drugs; this explains the interest raised by allosteric effects on muscarinic receptors. A theoretical and practicable definition of allosteric drugs acting at muscarinic receptors will be given in this work, together with a summary of recent data concerning the number, position, and structural requirements of their binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Waelbroeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bât G/E, CP 611, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Gilsbach R, Grossmüller M, Alptüzün V, Erciyas E, Tränkle C, Holzgrabe U, Mohr K. Cooperative interactions at M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors: structure/activity relationships in stepwise shortened bispyridinium- and bis(ammonio)alkane-type allosteric modulators. Neurochem Res 2003; 28:667-73. [PMID: 12675159 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022858414900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic M2-receptors allow for divergent modes of allosteric action, depending on the structure of the allosteric modulator. Phthalimido-substituted bis(ammonio)alkane-type modulators belong to the common mode allosteric agents, whereas a physicochemically closely related bispyridinium-oxime with dichlorobenzyl-substituents at both ends is an atypical agent. Here, we compared the actions of stepwise shortened compounds composed of the phthalimido moiety and middle chains of either the bispyridinium- or the bis(ammonio)alkane-type. Allosteric interactions were measured in pig M2 receptors with the orthosteric probe [3H]N-methylscopolamine ([3H]NMS) to label the acetylcholine binding site of the receptors. Dissociation and equilibrium binding experiments revealed parallel structure/activity-relationships in both series of compounds with regard to the cooperativity of interaction with [3H]NMS and to the underlying binding affinities in radioligand-occupied and free receptors. In conclusion, the findings are in line with the hypothesis that the phthalimido-moiety, but not the middle chain, is pivotal for the topology of interaction with the M2-receptor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Gilsbach
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Muth M, Bender W, Scharfenstein O, Holzgrabe U, Balatkova E, Tränkle C, Mohr K. Systematic development of high affinity bis(ammonio)alkane-type allosteric enhancers of muscarinic ligand binding. J Med Chem 2003; 46:1031-40. [PMID: 12620079 DOI: 10.1021/jm021017q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bis(ammonio)alkane compounds carrying lateral phthalimidopropyl substituents on the nitrogen atoms belong to the archetypal muscarinic allosteric agents. Herein, a series of symmetrical and nonsymmetrical compounds was synthesized in which the phthalimide residues were replaced by differently substituted imide moieties. The allosteric action was measured in porcine heart muscarinic M(2) receptors using [(3)H]N-methylscopolamine (NMS) as a ligand for the orthosteric receptor site in equilibrium binding and dissociation experiments. 1,8-Naphthalimido residues conferred an up to 100-fold gain in affinity leading into the low nanomolar range, while the inhibition of NMS binding was maintained. Additional propyl chain methylation was accompanied by an allosteric elevation of orthosteric ligand binding. In general, the gain in allosteric activity achieved by ring variation plus propyl chain methylation on one side of the molecule could not be augmented by symmetrical variations. The elevation of the ligand binding can be explained by different quantitative structure-activity relationships for the affinities to the free and the orthoster-liganded receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Muth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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