1
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Yilmaz S, Moulahoum H, Tok K, Zihnioglu F. Discarded CHO cells as a valuable source of bioactive peptides for sustainable biotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132869. [PMID: 38838895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Repurposing discarded cells stands as a groundbreaking paradigm shift in sustainable biotechnology, with profound implications across diverse industrial sectors. Our study proposes a transformative concept by harnessing histone proteins from discarded CHO cells to produce bioactive peptides. We systematically isolated and hydrolyzed histones using Trypsin and Neutrase enzymes, optimizing reaction conditions. Ultrafiltration yielded distinct peptide fractions (<3 kDa and 3-10 kDa), which we analyzed for DPP-IV inhibition, antioxidant potential, and other activities. Furthermore, LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis and in silico tools unveiled the structural composition of bioactive peptides within these fractions. Three peptide sequences with high bioactivity potential were identified: KLPFQR, VNRFLR, and LSSCAPVFL. Our findings demonstrated exceptional DPP-IV inhibition, potent antioxidant effects, and effective anti-lipid peroxidation activities, surpassing reference compounds. Hemolytic activity assessment indicated promising biocompatibility, enhancing therapeutic application prospects. Pioneering the strategic repurposing of discarded cells, this research addresses cost-efficiency in cell-based studies and promotes sustainable use of biological resources across sectors. This novel approach offers an efficient, eco-friendly method for bioactive molecule procurement and resource management, revolutionizing cell culture studies and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sude Yilmaz
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova 35040, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hichem Moulahoum
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova 35040, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Kerem Tok
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova 35040, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Zihnioglu
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova 35040, Izmir, Turkey.
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2
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Tok K, Moulahoum H, Kocadag Kocazorbaz E, Zihnioglu F. Bioactive peptides with multiple activities extracted from Barley (
Hordeum vulgare
L.) grain protein hydrolysates: Biochemical analysis and computational identification. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Tok
- Department of Biochemistry Ege University Bornova‐Izmir Turkey
| | | | | | - Figen Zihnioglu
- Department of Biochemistry Ege University Bornova‐Izmir Turkey
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3
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Perera E, Rodriguez-Viera L, Montero-Alejo V, Perdomo-Morales R. Crustacean Proteases and Their Application in Debridement. Trop Life Sci Res 2020; 31:187-209. [PMID: 32922675 PMCID: PMC7470474 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive proteases from marine organisms have been poorly applied to biomedicine. Exceptions are trypsin and other digestive proteases from a few cold-adapted or temperate fish and crustacean species. These enzymes are more efficient than enzymes from microorganism and higher vertebrates that have been used traditionally. However, the biomedical potential of digestive proteases from warm environment species has received less research attention. This review aims to provide an overview of this unrealised biomedical potential, using the debridement application as a paradigm. Debridement is intended to remove nonviable, necrotic and contaminated tissue, as well as fibrin clots, and is a key step in wound treatment. We discuss the physiological role of enzymes in wound healing, the use of exogenous enzymes in debridement, and the limitations of cold-adapted enzymes such as their poor thermal stability. We show that digestive proteases from tropical crustaceans may have advantages over their cold-adapted counterparts for this and similar uses. Differences in thermal stability, auto-proteolytic stability, and susceptibility to proteinase inhibitors are discussed. Furthermore, it is proposed that the feeding behaviour of the source organism may direct the evaluation of enzymes for particular applications, as digestive proteases have evolved to fill a wide variety of feeding habitats, natural substrates, and environmental conditions. We encourage more research on the biomedical application of digestive enzymes from tropical marine crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Perera
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Castellón, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Vivian Montero-Alejo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rolando Perdomo-Morales
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Havana, Cuba
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4
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Immobilization of trypsin onto Fe3O4@SiO2 –NH2 and study of its activity and stability. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 170:553-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Jesús-de la Cruz K, Álvarez-González CA, Peña E, Morales-Contreras JA, Ávila-Fernández Á. Fish trypsins: potential applications in biomedicine and prospects for production. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:186. [PMID: 29556440 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In fishes, trypsins are adapted to different environmental conditions, and the biochemical and kinetic properties of a broad variety of native isoforms have been studied. Proteolytic enzymes remain in high demand in the detergent, food, and feed industries; however, our analysis of the literature showed that, in the last decade, some fish trypsins have been studied for the synthesis of industrial peptides and for specific biomedical uses as antipathogenic agents against viruses and bacteria, which have been recently patented. In addition, innovative strategies of trypsin administration have been studied to ensure that trypsins retain their properties until they exert their action. Biomedical uses require the production of high-quality enzymes. In this context, the production of recombinant trypsins is an alternative. For this purpose, E. coli-based systems have been tested for the production of fish trypsins; however, P. pastoris-based systems also seem to show great potential in the production of fish trypsins with higher production quality. On the other hand, there is a lack of information regarding the specific structures, biochemical and kinetic properties, and characteristics of trypsins produced using heterologous systems. This review describes the potential uses of fish trypsins in biomedicine and the enzymatic and structural properties of native and recombinant fish trypsins obtained to date, outlining some prospects for their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal Jesús-de la Cruz
- Laboratorio de Acuacultura, DACBiol-UJAT, Carr. Villahermosa-Cárdenas Km 0.5, 86139 Villahermosa, Tabasco México
| | | | - Emyr Peña
- Laboratorio de Acuacultura, DACBiol-UJAT, Carr. Villahermosa-Cárdenas Km 0.5, 86139 Villahermosa, Tabasco México
- Cátedra Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-UJAT, Villahermosa, Tabasco México
| | - José Antonio Morales-Contreras
- 2Centro de Investigación, DACS-Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Av. Gregorio Méndez No. 2838-A. Col. Tamulté, 86150 Villahermosa, Tabasco México
| | - Ángela Ávila-Fernández
- 2Centro de Investigación, DACS-Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Av. Gregorio Méndez No. 2838-A. Col. Tamulté, 86150 Villahermosa, Tabasco México
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6
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Stefansson B, Sandholt GB, Gudmundsdottir Á. Elucidation of different cold-adapted Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) trypsin X isoenzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1865:11-19. [PMID: 27742554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trypsins from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), consisting of several isoenzymes, are highly active cold-adapted serine proteases. These trypsins are isolated for biomedical use in an eco-friendly manner from underutilized seafood by-products. Our group has explored the biochemical properties of trypsins and their high potential in biomedicine. For broader utilization of cod trypsins, further characterization of biochemical properties of the individual cod trypsin isoenzymes is of importance. For that purpose, a benzamidine purified trypsin isolate from Atlantic cod was analyzed. Anion exchange chromatography revealed eight peaks containing proteins around 24kDa with tryptic activity. Based on mass spectrometric analysis, one isoenzyme gave the best match to cod trypsin I and six isoenzymes gave the best match to cod trypsin X. Amino terminal sequencing of two of these six trypsin isoenzymes showed identity to cod trypsin X. Three sequence variants of trypsin X were identified by cDNA analysis demonstrating that various forms of this enzyme exist. One trypsin X isoenzyme was selected for further characterization based on abundance and stability. Stepwise increase in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of this trypsin X isoenzyme was obtained with substrates containing one to three amino acid residues. The study demonstrates that the catalytic efficiency of this trypsin X isoenzyme is comparable to that of cod trypsin I, the most abundant and highly active isoenzyme in the benzamidine cod trypsin isolate. Differences in pH stability and sensitivity to inhibitors of the trypsin X isoenzyme compared to cod trypsin I were detected that may be important for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gunnar B Sandholt
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Health Sciences Division, University of Iceland, Iceland.
| | - Ágústa Gudmundsdottir
- Zymetech, Fiskislod 39, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Health Sciences Division, University of Iceland, Iceland.
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7
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Solovyev M, Gisbert E. Influence of time, storage temperature and freeze/thaw cycles on the activity of digestive enzymes from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:1383-1394. [PMID: 27083435 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we tested the effects of long-term storage (2 years) at -20 °C and short-term storage (several hours) in ice and freeze/thaw cycles on the activities of pancreatic, gastric and intestinal (brush border and cytosolic) digestive enzymes in a teleost fish species. The results revealed a significant lose in activity of pancreatic (trypsin, chymotrypsin, total alkaline proteases and α-amylase) and intestinal cytosolic (leucine-alanine peptidase) enzymes between 140 and 270 days of storage at -20 °C, whereas in contrast, the activity of all the assayed brush border enzymes remained constant during the first 2 years of storage at -20 °C. During short-term storage conditions, the most stable enzymes assayed were those of the enterocytes of the brush border, which did not show any change in activity after being held for 5 h in ice. Five freezing and thawing cycles did not affect the activity of the intestinal brush border enzymes and the cytosolic ones, whereas the activity of trypsin, α-amylase and bile-salt-activated lipase was significantly affected by the number of freezing and thawing cycles. No changes in pepsin activity were found in samples exposed to 1 and 2 freezing and thawing cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Solovyev
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Frunze St., Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia.
| | - Enric Gisbert
- Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Crta. Poble Nou del Delta km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
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8
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Homaei A, Lavajoo F, Sariri R. Development of marine biotechnology as a resource for novel proteases and their role in modern biotechnology. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:542-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Bkhairia I, Ben Khaled H, Ktari N, Miled N, Nasri M, Ghorbel S. Biochemical and molecular characterisation of a new alkaline trypsin from Liza aurata: Structural features explaining thermal stability. Food Chem 2016; 196:1346-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Atacan K, Özacar M. Characterization and immobilization of trypsin on tannic acid modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:227-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Trypsin isozymes in the lobster Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804): from molecules to physiology. J Comp Physiol B 2014; 185:17-35. [PMID: 25192870 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin enzymes have been studied in a wide variety of animal taxa due to their central role in protein digestion as well as in other important physiological and biotechnological processes. Crustacean trypsins exhibit a high number of isoforms. However, while differences in properties of isoenzymes are known to play important roles in regulating different physiological processes, there is little information on this aspect for decapod trypsins. The aim of this review is to integrate recent findings at the molecular level on trypsin enzymes of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus, into higher levels of organization (biochemical, organism) and to interpret those findings in relation to the feeding ecology of these crustaceans. Trypsin in lobster is a polymorphic enzyme, showing isoforms that differ in their biochemical features and catalytic efficiencies. Molecular studies suggest that polymorphism in lobster trypsins may be non-neutral. Trypsin isoenzymes are differentially regulated by dietary proteins, and it seems that some isoenzymes have undergone adaptive evolution coupled with a divergence in expression rate to increase fitness. This review highlights important but poorly studied issues in crustaceans in general, such as the relation among trypsin polymorphism, phenotypic (digestive) flexibility, digestion efficiency, and feeding ecology.
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12
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Wu Z, Wang J, Shang X, Yang Z, Jiang G. Purification and Characterization of Cold Adapted Trypsins from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). Int J Pept Res Ther 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-014-9415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Zamani A, Rezaei M, Madani R, Habibi Rezaie M. Trypsin Enzyme from Viscera of Common Kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia): Purification, Characterization, and Its Compatibility with Oxidants and Surfactants. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2012.712630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Tang W, Zhang H, Wang L, Qian H. New cationic antimicrobial peptide screened from boiled-dried anchovies by immobilized bacterial membrane liposome chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1564-71. [PMID: 24499191 DOI: 10.1021/jf4052286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient immobilized bacterial membrane liposome chromatography method was used to screen potential antimicrobial peptides from boiled-dried anchovies. A novel cationic antimicrobial peptide (Apep10) was successfully isolated by one-step chromatography. The sequence of Apep10 was identified as GLARCLAGTL by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-Q-TOF MS). The antimicrobial activity assessment indicated that Apep10 inhibited the growth of the reference bacteria (Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae), with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 8 to 64 μg/mL. Almost no cytotoxicity against mouse erythrocytes was observed at concentrations below 20 μg/mL. Nucleotide leakage induced by Apep10 showed that the peptide exhibited permeable activity on the cytoplasmic membrane. Alterations in morphology were observed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Membrane disruption was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with propidium iodide (PI). The results demonstrate that immobilized bacterial membrane liposome chromatography is a straightforward technique for screening unknown antimicrobial peptides with cell-membrane-interacting activities from boiled-dried anchovies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology & School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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15
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Tang W, Zhang H, Wang L, Qian H. Membrane-disruptive property of a novel antimicrobial peptide from anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) hydrolysate. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Tang
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
- School of Food Science and Engineering; Qingdao Agricultural University; Qingdao 266109 Shandong China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
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16
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Huang M, Ye Y, Han Y. Purification of a Trypsin-Like Enzyme and Cloning of Its Gene from Chinese Ground Beetle (E
upolyphaga sinensis
). J Food Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yun Ye
- Department of Biological Engineering; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yali Han
- Department of Biological Engineering; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
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17
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Rojo L, García-Carreño F, de Los Angeles Navarrete del Toro M. Cold-adapted digestive aspartic protease of the clawed lobsters Homarus americanus and Homarus gammarus: biochemical characterization. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 15:87-96. [PMID: 22648335 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-012-9461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aspartic proteinases in the gastric fluid of clawed lobsters Homarus americanus and Homarus gammarus were isolated to homogeneity by single-step pepstatin-A affinity chromatography; such enzymes have been previously identified as cathepsin D-like enzymes based on their deduced amino acid sequence. Here, we describe their biochemical characteristics; the properties of the lobster enzymes were compared with those of its homolog, bovine cathepsin D, and found to be unique in a number of ways. The lobster enzymes demonstrated hydrolytic activity against synthetic and natural substrates at a wider range of pH; they were more temperature-sensitive, showed no changes in the K(M) value at 4°C, 10°C, and 25°C, and had 20-fold higher k(cat)/K(M) values than bovine enzyme. The bovine enzyme was temperature-dependent. We propose that both properties arose from an increase in molecular flexibility required to compensate for the reduction of reaction rates at low habitat temperatures. This is supported by the fast denaturation rates induced by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Rojo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste-CIBNOR, Mar Bermejo 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
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18
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Daglioglu C, Zihnioglu F. Covalent immobilization of trypsin on glutaraldehyde-activated silica for protein fragmentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 40:378-84. [DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.686917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Perera E, Rodríguez-Casariego J, Rodríguez-Viera L, Calero J, Perdomo-Morales R, Mancera JM. Lobster (Panulirus argus) hepatopancreatic trypsin isoforms and their digestion efficiency. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2012; 222:158-170. [PMID: 22589406 DOI: 10.1086/bblv222n2p158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that crustaceans exhibit several isoforms of trypsin in their digestive system. Although the number of known crustacean trypsin isoforms continues increasing, especially those derived from cDNA sequences, the role of particular isoenzymes in digestion remains unknown. Among invertebrates, significant advances in the understanding of the role of multiple trypsins have been made only in insects. Since it has been demonstrated that trypsin isoenzyme patterns (phenotypes) in lobster differ in digestion efficiency, we used this crustacean as a model for assessing the biochemical basis of such differences. We demonstrated that the trypsin isoform known to be present in all individuals of Panulirus argus has a high catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m) ) and is the most reactive toward native proteinaceous substrates, whereas one of the isoforms present in less efficient individuals has a lower k(cat) and a lower k(cat)/K(m), and it is less competent at digesting native proteins. A fundamental question in biology is how genetic differences produce different physiological performances. This work is the first to demonstrate that trypsin phenotypic variation in crustacean protein digestion relies on the biochemical properties of the different isoforms. Results are relevant for understanding trypsin polymorphism and protein digestion in lobster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Perera
- Center for Marine Research, University of Havana, Cuba.
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20
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Zhou LZ, Ruan MM, Cai QF, Liu GM, Sun LC, Su WJ, Cao MJ. Purification, characterization and cDNA cloning of a trypsin from the hepatopancreas of snakehead (Channa argus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 161:247-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Fuchise T, Sekizaki H, Kishimura H, Klomklao S, Nalinanon S, Benjakul S, Chun BS. Simple preparation of pacific cod trypsin for enzymatic Peptide synthesis. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2011; 2011:912382. [PMID: 22312475 PMCID: PMC3268023 DOI: 10.4061/2011/912382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin from the pyloric caeca of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) was easily prepared by affinity chromatography on Benzamidine Sepharose 6B and gel filtration on Superdex 75. Pacific cod trypsin was composed of three isozymes, and their molecular masses were estimated 23,756.34 Da, 23,939.62 Da, and 24,114.81 Da by desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI/TOF-MS) and their isoelectric points (pIs) were approximately 5.1, 6.0, and 6.2, respectively. The isolated Pacific cod trypsin showed high similarity to other frigid-zone fish trypsins. The kinetic behavior of tryptic hydrolysis toward N-p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (TAME), N-benzoyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide hydrochloride (BAPA), and p-amidinophenyl ester were also analyzed. In addition, the cod trypsin-catalyzed dipeptide synthesis was investigated using twelve series of "inverse subdtrates" that is p- and m-isomer of amidinophenyl, guanidinophenyl, (amidinomethyl)phenyl, (guanidinomethyl)phenyl, and four position isomers of guanidinonaphtyl esters derived from N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino acid as acyl donor components. They were found to couple with an acyl acceptor such as L-alanine p-nitroanilide to produce dipeptide in the presence of the trypsin. All inverse substrates tested in this study undergo less enantioselective coupling reaction. The p-guanidinophenyl ester was most practical substrate in twelve series tested. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the resulting products was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyoshi Fuchise
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Haruo Sekizaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hideki Kishimura
- Laboratory of Marine Products and Food Science, Research Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Sappasith Klomklao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Technology and Community Development, Thaksin University, Phattalung Campus, Phattalung 93110, Thailand
| | - Sitthipong Nalinanon
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Choakhunthaharn Building, Choakhunthaharn Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Byung-Soo Chun
- Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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Jiang CJ, Hao ZY, Zeng R, Shen PH, Li JF, Wu B. Characterization of a novel serine protease inhibitor gene from a marine metagenome. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1487-1501. [PMID: 22131953 PMCID: PMC3225930 DOI: 10.3390/md9091487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel serine protease inhibitor (serpin) gene designated as Spi1C was cloned via the sequenced-based screening of a metagenomic library from uncultured marine microorganisms. The gene had an open reading frame of 642 base pairs, and encoded a 214-amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of about 28.7 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis indicated that Spi1C and some partial proteinase inhibitor I4 serpins were closely related. Functional characterization demonstrated that the recombinant Spi1C protein could inhibit a series of serine proteases. The Spi1C protein exhibited inhibitory activity against α-chymotrypsin and trypsin with Ki values of around 1.79 × 10−8 and 1.52 × 10−8 M, respectively. No inhibition activity was exhibited against elastase. Using H-d-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA as the chromogenic substrate, the optimum pH and temperature of the inhibition activity against trypsin were 7.0–8.0 and 25 °C, respectively. The identification of a novel serpin gene underscores the potential of marine metagenome screening for novel biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering, and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; E-Mails: (C.-J.J.); (Z.-Y.H.); (R.Z.); (P.-H.S.); (J.-F.L.)
| | - Zhen-Yu Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering, and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; E-Mails: (C.-J.J.); (Z.-Y.H.); (R.Z.); (P.-H.S.); (J.-F.L.)
| | - Rong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering, and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; E-Mails: (C.-J.J.); (Z.-Y.H.); (R.Z.); (P.-H.S.); (J.-F.L.)
| | - Pei-Hong Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering, and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; E-Mails: (C.-J.J.); (Z.-Y.H.); (R.Z.); (P.-H.S.); (J.-F.L.)
| | - Jun-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering, and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; E-Mails: (C.-J.J.); (Z.-Y.H.); (R.Z.); (P.-H.S.); (J.-F.L.)
| | - Bo Wu
- College of Chemistry and Ecology Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, 188 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-771-3239403; Fax: +86-771-3237873
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Cai QF, Jiang YK, Zhou LG, Sun LC, Liu GM, Osatomi K, Cao MJ. Biochemical characterization of trypsins from the hepatopancreas of Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 159:183-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Gamboa-Delgado J, Le Vay L, Fernández-Díaz C, Cañavate P, Ponce M, Zerolo R, Manchado M. Effect of different diets on proteolytic enzyme activity, trypsinogen gene expression and dietary carbon assimilation in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 158:251-8. [PMID: 21167954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of diet on larval growth, anionic trypsinogen gene expression (ssetryp1), and trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) and chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) activities was assessed in Solea senegalensis. Changes in larval carbon stable isotope (δ(13)C) composition were used to estimate carbon assimilation. Diets were supplied for 20days to fish held in larval rearing tanks and consisted of live rotifers, Artemia sp. nauplii, rotifers followed by Artemia sp., rotifers co-fed with inert diet and inert diet alone. Growth was significantly faster in larvae fed only Artemia and those fed rotifers and Artemia (k=0.381-0.387day(-1)). Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities increased from 3 to 4days after hatching (DAH) in all dietary treatments, while ssetryp1 transcripts increased at 4-5 DAH only in larvae fed live prey. ssetryp1 gene expression was activated later in larvae fed only Artemia and this corresponded with Artemia δ(13)C values being reflected in larval tissue. Larval δ(13)C values also indicated greater selection and/or assimilation of rotifers in relation to the inert diet. Results demonstrate that during early larval development of sole, diet modulates ssetryp1 gene expression. The rapid and intense response to diets that promoted different growth and survival suggests the suitability of this biomarker as a nutritional status indicator in early sole larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Gamboa-Delgado
- School of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, Wales, LL59 5AB UK.
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25
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Purification and characterization of trypsin from the pyloric caeca of brownstripe red snapper (Lutjanus vitta). Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Stefansson B, Helgadóttir L, Olafsdottir S, Gudmundsdottir A, Bjarnason JB. Characterization of cold-adapted Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) trypsin I--kinetic parameters, autolysis and thermal stability. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 155:186-94. [PMID: 19913635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Atlantic cod trypsin I is a highly active cold-adapted protease. This study aimed at further characterization of this enzyme with respect to kinetic parameters, sites of autolysis and stability. For that purpose, trypsin I was purified by anion exchange chromatography. Its purity and identity was verified by SDS-PAGE analysis and mass spectrometry. Concomitantly, another cod trypsin isozyme, trypsin X, previously only described from its cDNA sequence was detected in a separate peak from the ion exchange chromatogram. There was a stepwise increase in the catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) of cod trypsin I obtained with substrates containing one to three amino acid residues. As expected, the activity of trypsin I was maintained for longer periods of time at 15 degrees C than at higher temperatures. The residues of the trypsin I molecule most sensitive to autolysis were identified using Edman degradation. Eleven autolytic cleavage sites were detected within the trypsin I molecule. Unfolding experiments demonstrated that autolysis is a contributing factor in the stability of trypsin I. In addition, the data shows that cod trypsin I is less stable towards thermal unfolding than its mesophilic bovine analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarki Stefansson
- Department of Biochemistry, Science Institute University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
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27
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Yang F, Su WJ, Lu BJ, Wu T, Sun LC, Hara K, Cao MJ. Purification and characterization of chymotrypsins from the hepatopancreas of crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Cuccioloni M, Mozzicafreddo M, Barocci S, Ciuti F, Re L, Eleuteri AM, Angeletti M. Aflatoxin B1 misregulates the activity of serine proteases: possible implications in the toxicity of some mycotoxin. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:393-9. [PMID: 19444922 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are highly hazardous contaminants of common food and feed. Aflatoxin B1 in particular, the most predominant among aflatoxins, was thoroughly demonstrated to be highly toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic in many animal species. Besides its established targets and effects, this work investigates on the possible direct interaction between aflatoxin B1 and three major serine proteases, namely elastase, thrombin and trypsin. These proteases belongs to a class of structurally and functionally related proteins pivotal in both direct and indirect regulation of a number of cellular events. Additionally, several pathological processes, including cancer, inflammatory processes and thrombosis, rely upon the subtle equilibrium between these enzymes and their potential modulators: in fact, their misregulation, caused by foreign molecules, could facilitate (or be the cause for) the occurrence of these pathologies. Our results provide the evidence for a reversible binding between AFB1 and these enzymes, likely to have profound implications in the manifestation of aflatoxicosis. Precisely, the toxin behaved as a moderate competitive inhibitor toward the enzymatic activity of the serine proteases in the low micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cuccioloni
- University of Camerino, MCAB Department, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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29
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Lu BJ, Zhou LG, Cai QF, Hara K, Maeda A, Su WJ, Cao MJ. Purification and characterisation of trypsins from the pyloric caeca of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). Food Chem 2008; 110:352-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 12/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Desrosiers V, Le François NR, Blier PU. Trypsin-Like Enzyme from Atlantic Wolffish (Anarhichas Lupus) Viscera: Purification and Characterization. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850801891124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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SHI CHANGYING, MARSHALL SUEN, SIMPSON BENJAMINK. PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRYPSIN FROM THE PYLORIC CECA OF THE NEW ZEALAND HOKI FISH (MACRURONUS NOVAEZEALANDIAE). J Food Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2007.00141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Anionic Trypsin from North Pacific Krill (Euphausia pacifica): Purification and Characterization. Int J Pept Res Ther 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-007-9119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Trypsin Activity Measurement in Fish and Mammals. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1300/j030v16n04_03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Manchado M, Infante C, Asensio E, Crespo A, Zuasti E, Cañavate JP. Molecular characterization and gene expression of six trypsinogens in the flatfish Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup) during larval development and in tissues. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 149:334-44. [PMID: 18006348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The application of large-scale genomics to Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) has allowed for the identification of six different trypsinogen genes. The catalytic triad (His-57, Asp-102, and Ser-195) and other residues required for trypsin functionality were conserved across all trypsinogens. Sequence identities, charges and phylogenetic analysis allowed them to be classified into three groups: group I or anionic trypsinogens (ssetryp1a, ssetryp1b and ssetryp1c), group II or cationic trypsinogen (ssetryp2) and group III or psychrophilic trypsinogens (ssetryp3 and ssetrypY). The expression profiles of these genes were studied in juvenile tissues and during larval development using a real-time PCR approach. In juvenile fish, trypsinogens were expressed mainly in the intestine. Transcripts of ssetryp1c were the highest in all tissues except in brain where those of ssetryp2 were the most abundant. During larval development, ssetryp1 variants and ssetryp2 transcript levels increased from 2 to 6 days after hatching, and decreased thereafter. In contrast, transcripts of group III trypsinogens increased slightly or not significantly in premetamorphosis and decreased at metamorphosis. The expression levels ssetryp3 and ssetrypY were the lowest in larvae (from 172- to 1391-fold lower than ssetryp1 and ssetryp2). In contrast, they were expressed at a similar level as ssetryp2, although lower than ssetryp1, in juvenile tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Manchado
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro de pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
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35
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Toyota E, Iyaguchi D, Sekizaki H, Itoh K, Tanizawa K. Kinetic properties of three isoforms of trypsin isolated from the pyloric caeca of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1648-52. [PMID: 17827714 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three isoforms of anionic chum salmon trypsin (ST-1, ST-2, and ST-3) were purified from the pyloric caeca of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). The molecular weights of the three isoforms were about 24 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric points of ST-1, ST-2, and ST-3 were 5.8, 5.4, and 5.6, respectively. The apparent K(m) values of two isoforms (ST-1 and ST-2) for BAPA (benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide) hydrolysis at 5, 15, 25 and 35 degrees C were slightly higher than that of the main isoform ST-3, depending on temperature. The turnover numbers, k(cat), of ST-1 and ST-2 were about twice as high as that of ST-3. Consequently, the catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/K(m)) of ST-1 and ST-2 were more efficient than ST-3. There were marked differences in both apparent K(m) and k(cat) values of three anionic chum salmon trypsins as compared to bovine cationic trypsin. K(m) values of all chum salmon trypsins were approximately 10 times lower than those of bovine trypsin, depending on the temperature. The k(cat) values of all chum salmon trypsins were about 2- to 5-fold higher than those of bovine trypsin; therefore, the catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/K(m)) of chum salmon trypsin were 20- to 40-fold more efficient than those of bovine trypsin. On the other hand, k(cat)/K(m) values of ST-1 for TAME (tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester) hydrolysis were lower than those of bovine trypsin, whereas k(cat)/K(m) values of ST-2 and ST-3 were comparable to those of bovine trypsin, depending on the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Toyota
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of HokkaidoIshikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
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Kishi T, Cloutier SM, Kündig C, Deperthes D, Diamandis EP. Activation and enzymatic characterization of recombinant human kallikrein 8. Biol Chem 2006; 387:723-31. [PMID: 16800733 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2006.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human kallikrein 8 (hK8), whose gene was originally cloned as the human ortholog of a mouse brain protease, is known to be associated with diseases such as ovarian cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Recombinant human pro-kallikrein 8 was activated with lysyl endopeptidase-conjugated beads. Amino-terminal sequencing of the activated enzyme demonstrated the cleavage of a 9-aa propeptide from the pro-enzyme. The substrate specificity of activated hK8 was characterized using synthetic fluorescent substrates. hK8 showed trypsin-like specificity, as predicted from sequence analysis and enzymatic characterization of the mouse ortholog. All synthetic substrates tested containing either arginine or lysine at P1 position were cleaved by hK8. The highest kcat/Km value of 20x10(3)M-1 s-1 was observed with Boc-Val-Pro-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin. The activity of hK8 was inhibited by antipain, chymostatin, and leupeptin. The concentration for 50% inhibition by the best inhibitor, antipain, was 0.46 microM. The effect of different metal ions on the enzyme activity was analyzed. Whereas Na+ had no effect on hK8 activity, Ni2+ and Zn2+ decreased the activity and Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ had a stimulatory effect. Ca2+ was the best activator, with an optimal concentration of approximately 10 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaaki Kishi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1L5, ON, Canada
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37
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Kurtovic I, Marshall SN, Simpson BK. Isolation and characterization of a trypsin fraction from the pyloric ceca of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 143:432-40. [PMID: 16458561 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Revised: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A trypsin fraction was isolated from the pyloric ceca of New Zealand farmed chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) by ammonium sulfate fractionation, acetone precipitation and affinity chromatography. The chinook salmon enzyme hydrolyzed the trypsin-specific synthetic substrate benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (DL-BAPNA), and was inhibited by the general serine protease inhibitor phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and also by the specific trypsin inhibitors - soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) and benzamidine. The enzyme was active over a broad pH range (from 7.5 to at least pH 10.0) at 25 degrees C and was stable from pH 4.0 to pH 10.0 when incubated at 20 degrees C, with a maximum at pH 8.0. The optimum temperature for the hydrolysis of DL-BAPNA by the chinook salmon enzyme was 60 degrees C, however, the enzyme was unstable at temperatures above 40 degrees C. The molecular mass of the chinook salmon trypsin was estimated as 28 kDa by SDS-PAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kurtovic
- Seafoods and Marine Extracts Group, Crop and Food Research Limited, P.O. Box 5114, Port Nelson, Nelson, New Zealand
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38
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Ahsan N, Aoki H, Watabe S. Overexpression in Escherichia coli and functional reconstitution of anchovy trypsinogen from the bacterial inclusion body. Mol Biotechnol 2005; 30:193-205. [PMID: 15988045 DOI: 10.1385/mb:30:3:193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized and optimized a high-yielding Escherichia coli expression system to produce trypsinogen from anchovy Engraulis japonicus and have developed conditions for its successful refolding. Recombinant anchovy trypsinogen precipitated in E. coli Rosetta (DE3) pLacI strain as inclusion bodies was denatured by 6 M guanidine-HCl followed by refolding with drop wise addition to a large excess of a folding buffer containing 0.5 M non-detergent sulfobetaine (NDSB-251) and a redox potential of oxidized and reduced glutathiones. The folded trypsinogen was autocatalytically activated to its mature form, trypsin, and purified with a MonoQ ion-exchange column. NH2-terminal amino acid sequencings revealed that E. coli efficiently processed NH2-terminal methionine residue from the expressed trypsinogen and that trypsinogen was activated at the correct site to generate active trypsin. The recombinant enzyme showed kinetic properties comparable to those of the native enzyme and demonstrated a typical cleavage preference for arginine over lysine residue against a protein substrate. The optimized expression and folding procedures yielded 12 mg of purified, active trypsin from 1 L of bacterial culture or 45 g wet weight cells, which is quite enough for various analytical and semipreparative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Ahsan
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh
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