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Hamidi M, Okoro OV, Milan PB, Khalili MR, Samadian H, Nie L, Shavandi A. Fungal exopolysaccharides: Properties, sources, modifications, and biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Singh RS, Kaur N, Hassan M, Kennedy JF. Pullulan in biomedical research and development - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:694-706. [PMID: 33137388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pullulan is an imperative microbial exo-polymer commercially produced by yeast like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. Its structure contains maltosyl repeating units which comprises two α-(1 → 4) linked glucopyranose rings attached to one glucopyranose ring through α-(1 → 6) glycosidic bond. The co-existence of α-(1 → 6) and α-(1 → 4) glycosidic linkages endows distinctive physico-chemical properties to pullulan. It is highly biocompatible, non-toxic and non-carcinogenic in nature. It is extremely resistant to any mutagenicity or immunogenicity. The unique properties of pullulan make it a potent candidate for biomedical applications viz. drug delivery, gene delivery, tissue engineering, molecular chaperon, plasma expander, vaccination, etc. This review highlights the potential of pullulan in biomedical research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Sarup Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India.
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, 5 The Croft, Buntsford Drive, Stoke Heath, Bromsgrove, Worcs B60 4JE, UK
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Henry N, Clouet J, Fragale A, Griveau L, Chédeville C, Véziers J, Weiss P, Le Bideau J, Guicheux J, Le Visage C. Pullulan microbeads/Si-HPMC hydrogel injectable system for the sustained delivery of GDF-5 and TGF-β1: new insight into intervertebral disc regenerative medicine. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:999-1010. [PMID: 28645219 PMCID: PMC8241148 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1340362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Discogenic low back pain is considered a major health concern and no etiological treatments are today available to tackle this disease. To clinically address this issue at early stages, there is a rising interest in the stimulation of local cells by in situ injection of growth factors targeting intervertebral disc (IVD) degenerative process. Despite encouraging safety and tolerability results in clinic, growth factors efficacy may be further improved. To this end, the use of a delivery system allowing a sustained release, while protecting growth factors from degradation appears of particular interest. We propose herein the design of a new injectable biphasic system, based on the association of pullulan microbeads (PMBs) into a cellulose-based hydrogel (Si-HPMC), for the TGF-β1 and GDF-5 growth factors sustained delivery. We present for the first time the design and mechanical characterization of both the PMBs and the called biphasic system (PMBs/Si-HPMC). Their loading and release capacities were also studied and we were able to demonstrate a sustained release of both growth factors, for up to 28 days. Noteworthy, the growth factors biological activity on human cells was maintained. Altogether, these data suggest that this PMBs/Si-HPMC biphasic system may be a promising candidate for the development of an innovative bioactive delivery system for IVD regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Henry
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Johann Clouet
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, PHU 11 Pharmacie, Pharmacie Centrale, Nantes, France
- UFR Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Fragale
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Louise Griveau
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Chédeville
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
| | - Joëlle Véziers
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- SC3M platform, UMS INSERM 016/CNRS 3556, SFR François Bonamy, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team REGOS “Regenerative Medicine of Bone Tissues”, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Le Bideau
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Le Visage
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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Singh RS, Kaur N, Rana V, Kennedy JF. Pullulan: A novel molecule for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 171:102-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cevher E, Salomon SK, Makrakis A, Li XW, Brocchini S, Alpar HO. Development of chitosan–pullulan composite nanoparticles for nasal delivery of vaccines: optimisation and cellular studies. J Microencapsul 2015; 32:755-68. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1073392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Singh RS, Kaur N, Kennedy JF. Pullulan and pullulan derivatives as promising biomolecules for drug and gene targeting. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 123:190-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ali G, Rihouey C, Le Cerf D, Picton L. Effect of carboxymethyl groups on degradation of modified pullulan by pullulanase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 93:109-15. [PMID: 23465908 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pullulanase is an enzyme that hydrolyses the α-1,6 linkages of pullulan (Pull) to produce maltotriose units. We studied the capacity of pullulanase to cleave its modified substrate: carboxymethylpullulan (CMPull), synthesized with two different degrees of substitution (DS=0.16 and 0.8). Size exclusion chromatography with on line multi angle light scattering and differential refractive index detection (SEC/MALS/DRI) was used to estimate both number and weight average molar masses, respectively, Mn and Mw, of pullulan and CMPulls together with the percentage of maltotriose formed during hydrolysis. Determination of reduced sugars gave also a Mn that is compared to data obtained by SEC. It revealed that CMPull is partially degraded by pullulanase and the rate of hydrolysis decreased with increased DS. At the end of the hydrolysis, Mn is decreased by a factor of 23 and 1.7 for CMPull with a DS of 0.16 and 0.8 respectively. The percentage of produced maltotriose decreased also when increasing DS (24% and 7% for CMPull DS 0.16 and 0.8 respectively). The kinetic properties of pullulanase were also investigated with Pull and CMPulls by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) using simple injection method. Based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics, Vmax (maximal velocity) decreased and KM (Michaelis constant) increased when DS of modified pullulan CMPull increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghina Ali
- Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces, UMR 6270 & FR 3038 CNRS, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
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Ferreira SA, Coutinho PJG, Gama FM. Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled Nanogels Made of Pullulan. MATERIALS 2011; 4:601-620. [PMID: 28879943 PMCID: PMC5448516 DOI: 10.3390/ma4040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanogels made of hydrophobized pullulan were obtained using a versatile, simple, reproducible and low-cost method. In a first reaction pullulan was modified with hydroxyethyl methacrylate or vinyl methacrylate, further modified in the second step with hydrophobic 1-hexadecanethiol, resulting as an amphiphilic material, which self-assembles in water via the hydrophobic interaction among alkyl chains. Structural features, size, shape, surface charge and stability of the nanogels were studied using hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance, fluorescence spectroscopy, cryo-field emission scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Above the critical aggregation concentration spherical polydisperse macromolecular micelles revealed long-term colloidal stability in aqueous medium, with a nearly neutral negative surface charge and mean hydrodynamic diameter in the range 100–400 nm, depending on the polymer degree of substitution. Good size stability was observed when nanogels were exposed to potential destabilizing pH conditions. While the size stability of the nanogel made of pullulan with vinyl methacrylate and more hydrophobic chains grafted was affected by the ionic strength and urea, nanogel made of pullulan with hydroxyethyl methacrylate and fewer hydrophobic chains grafted remained stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia A Ferreira
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological Engineering, Minho University, Campus Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Paulo J G Coutinho
- Centre of Physics, Minho University, Campus Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Francisco M Gama
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological Engineering, Minho University, Campus Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Nagane K, Jo JI, Tabata Y. Promoted Adipogenesis of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Transfection of Small Interfering RNA Complexed with a Cationized Dextran. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:21-31. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nagane
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Jo
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Jo JI, Tabata Y. Non-viral gene transfection technologies for genetic engineering of stem cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 68:90-104. [PMID: 17870447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent rapid progress of molecular biology together with the steady progress of genome projects has given us some essential and revolutionary information about DNA and RNA to elucidate various biological phenomena at a genetic level. Under these circumstances, the technology and methodology of gene transfection have become more and more important to enhance the efficacy of gene therapy for several diseases. In addition, gene transfection is a fundamental technology indispensable to the further research development of basic biology and medicine regarding stem cells. Stem cells genetically manipulated will enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cell transplantation. In this paper, the carrier and technology of gene delivery are briefly overviewed while the applications to the basic researches of biology and medicine as well as regenerative medical therapy are introduced. A new non-viral carrier and the cell culture system are described to efficiently manipulate stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichiro Jo
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Sarabia F, García‐Castro M, Chammaa S, Sánchez‐Ruiz A. The Chiron Approach to Pironetins: Synthesis of the δ‐Lactonic Fragment and Modified Building Blocks from D‐Glucal. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300600735090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sarabia
- a Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Malaga , Malaga, Spain
| | - Miguel García‐Castro
- a Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Malaga , Malaga, Spain
| | - Samy Chammaa
- a Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Malaga , Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez‐Ruiz
- a Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Malaga , Malaga, Spain
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Shingel KI. Current knowledge on biosynthesis, biological activity, and chemical modification of the exopolysaccharide, pullulan. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:447-60. [PMID: 15013381 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2003] [Accepted: 10/23/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The article presents an overview of the latest advances in investigations of the biosynthesis, molecular properties, and associated biological activity of pullulan. The literature survey on the pullulan biosynthesis is intended to illustrate how the great variety of environmental conditions as well as variability in strain characteristics influences the metabolic pathways of the pullulan formation and effects structural composition of the biopolymer. Molecular properties of pullulan as alpha-(1-->4)- and alpha-(1-->6)-glucan are discussed in terms of similarities with amylose and dextran structures, and an emphasis is made on the inherent biological activity of pullulan molecules. The author also attempts to summarize the concepts, options, and strategies in chemical modification of the biopolymer and to delineate future prospects in designing new biologically active derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill I Shingel
- Bioartificial Gel Technologies Inc, 400 Maisonneuve Ouest, suite 1156, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1L4.
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