1
|
Alomari N, Alhussaini W. Update on the advances and challenges in bioequivalence testing methods for complex topical generic products. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1330712. [PMID: 38389924 PMCID: PMC10881717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1330712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Most of the government regulatory agencies, including the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicine Agency, demand that the generic complex topical products prove pharmaceutical and bioequivalence. The evaluation of bioequivalence for complex topical dermatological formulations is a challenging task that requires careful consideration of several factors. Although comparative clinical studies are still considered the gold standard approach for establishing bioequivalence in most formulations, these studies can be costly and insensitive to detect formulation differences. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to develop and validate alternative approaches that demonstrate bioequivalence and expedite the availability of high-quality generic topical dermatological products. This article reviews the current methods for determining the bioequivalence of topical formulations in humans, with particular emphasis on recent advances in these methodologies. Most of the alternative methods are sensitive and reproducible, with the capability to ease the financial burden of comparative clinical studies within a short delivery time. The limitations associated with each technique are reviewed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nedaa Alomari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Alhussaini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Raney SG, Ghosh P, Ramezanli T, Lehman PA, Franz TJ. Cutaneous Pharmacokinetic Approaches to Compare Bioavailability and/or Bioequivalence for Topical Drug Products. Dermatol Clin 2022; 40:319-332. [PMID: 35750415 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of bioequivalence (BE) involves comparing the test product to its reference product in a study whose fundamental scientific principles allow inferring of the clinical performance of the products. Several test methods have been discussed and developed to evaluate topical bioavailability (BA) and BE. Pharmacokinetics-based approaches characterize the rate and extent to which an active ingredient becomes available at or near its site of action in the skin. Such methodologies are considered to be among the most accurate, sensitive, and reproducible approaches for determining the BA or BE of a product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam G Raney
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Tannaz Ramezanli
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Paul A Lehman
- QPS Holdings, LLC, 3 Innovation Way, Suite 240, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sahu SK, Raj R, Raj PM, Alpana R. Topical Lipid Based Drug Delivery Systems for Skin Diseases: A Review. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885513666181112153213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of skin ailments through systemic administration is limited due to toxicity and
patients discomfort. Hence, lower risk of systemic side effects from topical dosage forms like ointments,
creams, emulsions and gels is more preferred for the treatment of skin disease. Application
of lipid based carriers in drug delivery in topical formulations has recently become one of the major
approaches to improve drug permeation, safety, and effectiveness. These delivery systems include
liposomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, Nanoemulsions (NEs), Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs)
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) and micelles. Most of the liposomes and SLNs based products
are in the market while some are under investigation. Transcutaneous delivery of therapeutics
to the skin layer by novel lipid based carriers has enhanced topical therapy for the treatment of skin
ailments. This article covers an overview of the lipid-based carriers for topical uses to alleviate skin
diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Sahu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (CG)-495009, India
| | - Rakesh Raj
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (CG)-495009, India
| | - Pooja Mongia Raj
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (CG)-495009, India
| | - Ram Alpana
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (CG)-495009, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bodenlenz M, Augustin T, Birngruber T, Tiffner KI, Boulgaropoulos B, Schwingenschuh S, Raney SG, Rantou E, Sinner F. Variability of Skin Pharmacokinetic Data: Insights from a Topical Bioequivalence Study Using Dermal Open Flow Microperfusion. Pharm Res 2020; 37:204. [PMID: 32989514 PMCID: PMC7522073 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dermal open flow microperfusion (dOFM) has previously demonstrated its utility to assess the bioequivalence (BE) of topical drug products in a clinical study. We aimed to characterize the sources of variability in the dermal pharmacokinetic data from that study. METHODS Exploratory statistical analyses were performed with multivariate data from a clinical dOFM-study in 20 healthy adults evaluating the BE, or lack thereof, of Austrian test (T) and U.S. reference (R) acyclovir cream, 5% products. RESULTS The overall variability of logAUC values (CV: 39% for R and 45% for T) was dominated by inter-subject variability (R: 82%, T: 91%) which correlated best with the subject's skin conductance. Intra-subject variability was 18% (R) and 9% (T) of the overall variability; skin treatment sites or methodological factors did not significantly contribute to that variability. CONCLUSIONS Inter-subject variability was the major component of overall variability for acyclovir, and treatment site location did not significantly influence intra-subject variability. These results support a dOFM BE study design with T and R products assessed simultaneously on the same subject, where T and R treatment sites do not necessarily need to be next to each other. Localized variation in skin microstructure may be primarily responsible for intra-subject variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Bodenlenz
- HEALTH - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Augustin
- HEALTH - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Birngruber
- HEALTH - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin I Tiffner
- HEALTH - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Beate Boulgaropoulos
- HEALTH - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Schwingenschuh
- HEALTH - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sam G Raney
- Division of Therapeutic Performance Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs, United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, MD, 20993, Silver Spring, USA
| | - Elena Rantou
- Division of Biostatistics VIII, Office of Biostatistics, Office of Translational Sciences, United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, MD, 20993, Silver Spring, USA
| | - Frank Sinner
- HEALTH - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian Q, Guo J, Zhang Q, Fang L, Liu C, Xu H. Development and Evaluation of Cucurbitacin B Microemulsion: the Effect of Oil Phase and Aqueous Phase on Drug Percutaneous Absorption Based on ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Molecular Modeling. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:258. [PMID: 32895882 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop a cucurbitacin B microemulsion (CuB-ME) and investigate the mechanism of the enhanced drug skin absorption at the molecular level. Firstly, the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were developed to evaluate the effect of composition on microemulsion properties systematically. The formulation composition types and ratios of oil phase, surfactant, co-surfactant, and aqueous phase were optimized by an in vitro skin permeation experiment, and the optimized formula was confirmed with the pharmacodynamics study. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of enhanced skin permeation was investigated using ATR-FTIR and molecular modeling. As a result, the optimized CuB-ME formulation was composed of Azone:Tween 80:ethanol:water = 2.5:16.9:5.6:75.0 (w/w/w/w). The oil phase improved skin permeation by disordering the stratum corneum intercellular liquid, while the aqueous phase impacted the particle size of the microemulsion and permeability coefficient of the drug. Besides, the hydration state of skin lipid also enhanced drug permeation by the interaction of water and the polar head of ceramide. The in vitro skin permeation amount was 45.47 ± 10.39 μg/cm2, and no significant skin irritation was observed. The pharmacodynamics study demonstrated that CuB-ME had a significant therapeutic effect on the animal tumor model. In conclusion, the CuB-ME was developed successfully and the effect of the oil phase and aqueous phase on drug skin permeation was clarified at the molecular level.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Z, Lian Y, Zhu Y, Ye H, Liu M, Li J. Depot lidocaine-loaded microemulsion for prolonged local anesthesia: Different efficacy model studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Lidocaine tripotassium phosphate complex laden microemulsion for prolonged local anaesthesia: In vitro and in vivo studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 185:110632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
8
|
Baumann KY, Church MK, Clough GF, Quist SR, Schmelz M, Skov PS, Anderson CD, Tannert LK, Giménez-Arnau AM, Frischbutter S, Scheffel J, Maurer M. Skin microdialysis: methods, applications and future opportunities-an EAACI position paper. Clin Transl Allergy 2019; 9:24. [PMID: 31007896 PMCID: PMC6456961 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-019-0262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin microdialysis (SMD) is a versatile sampling technique that can be used to recover soluble endogenous and exogenous molecules from the extracellular compartment of human skin. Due to its minimally invasive character, SMD can be applied in both clinical and preclinical settings. Despite being available since the 1990s, the technique has still not reached its full potential use as a tool to explore pathophysiological mechanisms of allergic and inflammatory reactions in the skin. Therefore, an EAACI Task Force on SMD was formed to disseminate knowledge about the technique and its many applications. This position paper from the task force provides an overview of the current use of SMD in the investigation of the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria, psoriasis, and in studies of cutaneous events during type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. Furthermore, this paper covers drug hypersensitivity, UVB-induced- and neurogenic inflammation, and drug penetration investigated by SMD. The aim of this paper is to encourage the use of SMD and to make the technique easily accessible by providing an overview of methodology and applications, supported by standardized operating procedures for SMD in vivo and ex vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Y Baumann
- RefLab ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark.,2Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin K Church
- 3Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sven Roy Quist
- 5Clinic of Dermatology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Skin Center MDZ, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Schmelz
- 7Department of Experimental Pain Research, CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Stahl Skov
- RefLab ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark.,8Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chris D Anderson
- 9Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Line Kring Tannert
- 8Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ana Maria Giménez-Arnau
- 10Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan Frischbutter
- 3Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Scheffel
- 3Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- 3Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhan H, Ma F, Huang Y, Zhang J, Jiang X, Qian Y. Application of composite dissolving microneedles with high drug loading ratio for rapid local anesthesia. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:330-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
10
|
Kaur G, Mehta S. Developments of Polysorbate (Tween) based microemulsions: Preclinical drug delivery, toxicity and antimicrobial applications. Int J Pharm 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
11
|
Wang M, Li L, Xie J, Sun Y, Ling G, He Z. Transdermal Adhesive Patches Loaded with Ketoprofen Evaluated by Dynamic Detection of Percutaneous Absorption. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2141-2148. [PMID: 28035612 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical delivery has many benefits toward NSAIDs administration, and the best-selling transdermal preparation in 2015 was the NSAID patch MOHRUS®. Herein, we report a ketoprofen adhesive patch (KAP) and evaluate the penetration and absorption compared to MOHRUS®. Microdialysis sampling technique was applied to determine drug penetration in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Simultaneously, blood samples were withdrawn over time to obtain the drug absorption in plasma. The ketoprofen concentrations in the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and plasma were compared with the commercially available patch (MOHRUS®). Based on the detection, pharmacokinetic parameters including Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0-8h were determined for both the formulations. No significant differences were found in the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and plasma in rats according to the bioequivalence assessment. The KAP demonstrated multiple therapeutic advantages including the controlled drug release and the sustained drug concentration in the skin as well as in plasma. The pharmacokinetic study coupled with microdialysis sampling provided an effective strategy to evaluate transdermal delivery.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kaur A, Kamalpreet, Sharma G, Verma S, Goindi S, Katare OP. Oral microemulsion of phytoconstituent found in licorice as chemopreventive against benzo( a )pyrene induced forestomach tumors in experimental mice model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
13
|
Development and evaluation of topical microemulsion of dibenzoylmethane for treatment of UV induced photoaging. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
14
|
Lu M, Xing H, Chen X, Xian L, Jiang J, Yang T, Ding P. Advance in bioequivalence assessment of topical dermatological products. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
15
|
Raney SG, Franz TJ, Lehman PA, Lionberger R, Chen ML. Pharmacokinetics-Based Approaches for Bioequivalence Evaluation of Topical Dermatological Drug Products. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; 54:1095-106. [PMID: 26063051 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-015-0292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic approach has accelerated the development of high-quality generic medicines with extraordinary cost savings, transforming the pharmaceutical industry and healthcare system in the USA. While this is true for systemically absorbed drug products, the availability of generic versions of topical dermatological products remains constrained due to the limited methods accepted for bioequivalence evaluation of these products. The current review explores the possibility of developing appropriate bioequivalence approaches based on pharmacokinetic principles for topical dermatological products. This review focuses on the strengths and limitations of the three most promising pharmacokinetics-based methods to evaluate the performance and bioequivalence of topical dermatological products, which include in vivo skin stripping, in vivo microdialysis, and in vitro permeation testing (IVPT) with excised human skin. It is hoped that recent advances in pharmaceutical and regulatory science will facilitate the development of robust bioequivalence approaches for these dosage forms, enable more efficient methodologies to compare the performance of new drug products in certain pre-approval or post-approval change situations, and promote the availability of high-quality generic versions of topical dermatological products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam G Raney
- Office of Research and Standards, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
| | - Thomas J Franz
- , 10716 SE Forest View Lane, Happy Valley, OR, 97086, USA
| | | | - Robert Lionberger
- Office of Research and Standards, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Mei-Ling Chen
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sintov AC. Transdermal delivery of curcumin via microemulsion. Int J Pharm 2015; 481:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
17
|
Ma Y, Gill HS. Coating solid dispersions on microneedles via a molten dip-coating method: development and in vitro evaluation for transdermal delivery of a water-insoluble drug. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3621-3630. [PMID: 25213295 PMCID: PMC4374630 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates for the first time the ability to coat solid dispersions on microneedles as a means to deliver water-insoluble drugs through the skin. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was selected as the hydrophilic matrix, and lidocaine base was selected as the model hydrophobic drug to create the solid dispersion. First, thermal characterization and viscosity measurements of the PEG-lidocaine mixture at different mass fractions were performed. The results show that lidocaine can remain stable at temperatures up to ∼130°C and that viscosity of the PEG-lidocaine molten solution increases as the mass fraction of lidocaine decreases. Differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that at lidocaine mass fraction less than or equal to 50%, lidocaine is well dispersed in the PEG-lidocaine mixture. Uniform coatings were obtained on microneedle surfaces. In vitro dissolution studies in porcine skin showed that microneedles coated with PEG-lidocaine dispersions resulted in significantly higher delivery of lidocaine in just 3 min compared with 1 h topical application of 0.15 g EMLA®, a commercial lidocaine-prilocaine cream. In conclusion, the molten coating process we introduce here offers a practical approach to coat water-insoluble drugs on microneedles for transdermal delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhe Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - Harvinder S Gill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Comparative percutaneous permeation study using caffeine-loaded microemulsion showing low reliability of the frozen/thawed skin models. Int J Pharm 2014; 471:516-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Dogrul A, Arslan SA, Tirnaksiz F. Water/oil type microemulsion systems containing lidocaine hydrochloride:in vitroandin vivoevaluation. J Microencapsul 2014; 31:448-60. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.879926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
20
|
Shukla C, Bashaw E, Stagni G, Benfeldt E. Applications of dermal microdialysis: a review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Paliwal S, Hwang BH, Tsai KY, Mitragotri S. Diagnostic opportunities based on skin biomarkers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 50:546-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
22
|
Tuncay S, Özer Ö. Investigation of different emulsion systems for dermal delivery of nicotinamide. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 18:1417-23. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.734514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
23
|
Schmidt S, Banks R, Kumar V, Rand KH, Derendorf H. Clinical Microdialysis in Skin and Soft Tissues: An Update. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 48:351-64. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270007312152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
24
|
Chaurasia CS, Müller M, Bashaw ED, Benfeldt E, Bolinder J, Bullock R, Bungay PM, DeLange ECM, Derendorf H, Elmquist WF, Hammarlund-Udenaes M, Joukhadar C, Kellogg DL, Lunte CE, Nordstrom CH, Rollema H, Sawchuk RJ, Cheung BWY, Shah VP, Stahle L, Ungerstedt U, Welty DF, Yeo H. AAPS-FDA Workshop White Paper: Microdialysis Principles, Application, and Regulatory Perspectives. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 47:589-603. [PMID: 17442685 DOI: 10.1177/0091270006299091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Chaurasia
- Division of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Food and Drug Administration, Room 1360/HFD-650, 7520 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nanoemulsion-based gel formulations of COX-2 inhibitors for enhanced efficacy in inflammatory conditions. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-012-0177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
26
|
Dancik Y, Anissimov YG, Jepps OG, Roberts MS. Convective transport of highly plasma protein bound drugs facilitates direct penetration into deep tissues after topical application. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 73:564-78. [PMID: 21999217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT Many products are applied to human skin for local effects in deeper tissues. Animal studies suggest that deep dermal and/or subcutaneous delivery may be facilitated by both dermal diffusion and transport via the cutaneous vasculature. However, the relationship between the extent and pathways of penetration, drug physicochemical properties and deeper tissue physiology is not well understood. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS We have used a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to analyze published human cutaneous microdialysis data, complemented by our own in vitro skin penetration studies. We found that convective blood, lymphatic and interstitial flow led to significant deep tissue concentrations for drugs that are highly plasma protein bound. In such cases, deeper tissue concentrations will occur earlier and may be several orders of magnitude greater than predicted by passive dermal diffusion alone. AIMS To relate the varying dermal, subcutaneous and muscle microdialysate concentrations found in man after topical application to the nature of the drug applied and to the underlying physiology. METHODS We developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model in which transport to deeper tissues was determined by tissue diffusion, blood, lymphatic and intersitial flow transport and drug properties. The model was applied to interpret published human microdialysis data, estimated in vitro dermal diffusion and protein binding affinity of drugs that have been previously applied topically in vivo and measured in deep cutaneous tissues over time. RESULTS Deeper tissue microdialysis concentrations for various drugs in vivo vary widely. Here, we show that carriage by the blood to the deeper tissues below topical application sites facilitates the transport of highly plasma protein bound drugs that penetrate the skin, leading to rapid and significant concentrations in those tissues. Hence, the fractional concentration for the highly plasma protein bound diclofenac in deeper tissues is 0.79 times that in a probe 4.5 mm below a superficial probe whereas the corresponding fractional concentration for the poorly protein bound nicotine is 0.02. Their corresponding estimated in vivo lag times for appearance of the drugs in the deeper probes were 1.1 min for diclofenac and 30 min for nicotine. CONCLUSIONS Poorly plasma protein bound drugs are mainly transported to deeper tissues after topical application by tissue diffusion whereas the transport of highly plasma protein bound drugs is additionally facilitated by convective blood, lymphatic and interstitial transport to deep tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Dancik
- Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wei H, Wang S, Xu F, Xu L, Zheng J, Chen Y. Topical bioequivalence of acyclovir creams using dermal microdialysis in pigs: a new model to evaluate bioequivalence for topical formulations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:785-91. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.625032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
28
|
Assessment of topical bioequivalence using dermal microdialysis and tape stripping methods. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2165-75. [PMID: 21499834 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the bioequivalence of two commercial topical formulations of oxytetracycline HCl by tape stripping and microdialysis in healthy volunteers. METHODS Tape stripping study was conducted on 12 healthy volunteers. After a 30-minute application of the formulations, adhesive tapes were used to sample stratum corneum at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4 hr. Ten of these volunteers were included in the microdialysis study with a period of 4 weeks between the experiments. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the dermis of the forearm. Following the application of the test and reference simultaneously, dialysates were collected in 30-minute sampling intervals up to 4 hr. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic evaluation by microdialysis yielded that the test could not be said to be bioequivalent to the reference at 90% CI. The intersubject variability of oxytetracycline content in stratum corneum was moderate when it was compared to the dermal levels. The test was found to be bioequivalent to reference according to the dermatopharmacokinetic evaluation by tape stripping. CONCLUSIONS No significant correlations were found between microdialysis and tape stripping methods as regarding the topical bioequivalence of oxytetracycline HCl formulations.
Collapse
|
29
|
Russell-Jones G, Himes R. Water-in-oil microemulsions for effective transdermal delivery of proteins. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:537-46. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.559458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Elshafeey AH, Kamel AO, Fathallah MM. Utility of Nanosized Microemulsion for Transdermal Delivery of Tolterodine Tartrate: Ex-Vivo Permeation and In-Vivo Pharmacokinetic Studies. Pharm Res 2009; 26:2446-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Patel MR, Patel RB, Parikh JR, Solanki AB, Patel BG. Effect of formulation components on the in vitro permeation of microemulsion drug delivery system of fluconazole. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:917-23. [PMID: 19609836 PMCID: PMC2802156 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of formulation components on the in vitro skin permeation of microemulsion drug delivery system containing fluconazole (FLZ). Lauryl alcohol (LA) was screened as the oil phase of microemulsions. The pseudo-ternary phase diagrams for microemulsion regions were constructed using LA as the oil, Labrasol (Lab) as the surfactant and ethanol (EtOH) as the cosurfactant. The formulation which showed a highest permeation rate of 47.15 +/- 1.12 microg cm(-2) h(-1) and appropriate physicochemical properties was optimized as containing 2% FLZ, 10% LA, 20% Lab/EtOH (1:1), and 68% double-distilled water (w/w). The efficiency of microemulsion formulation in the topical delivery of FLZ was dependent upon the contents of water and LA as well as Lab/EtOH mixing ratio. It was concluded that the percutaneous absorption of FLZ from microemulsions was enhanced with increasing the LA and water contents, and with decreasing the Lab/EtOH ratio in the formulation. Candida albicans was used as a model fungus to evaluate the antifungal activity of the best formula achieved, which showed the widest zone of inhibition as compared to FLZ reference. The studied microemulsion formulation showed a good stability for a period of 3 months. These results indicate that the studied microemulsion formulation might be a promising vehicle for topical delivery of FLZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrunali R Patel
- Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy, Sardar Patel University, New Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 121, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shakeel F, Baboota S, Ahuja A, Ali J, Shafiq S. Celecoxib Nanoemulsion for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690802644012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
34
|
Azeem A, Khan ZI, Aqil M, Ahmad FJ, Khar RK, Talegaonkar S. Microemulsions as a Surrogate Carrier for Dermal Drug Delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:525-47. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040802448646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
35
|
Russell LM, Guy RH. Measurement and prediction of the rate and extent of drug delivery into and through the skin. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:355-69. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240902865561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
36
|
Shevachman M, Garti N, Shani A, Sintov AC. Enhanced Percutaneous Permeability of Diclofenac Using a New U-Type Dilutable Microemulsion. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 34:403-12. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040701662479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
37
|
Holovics HJ, Anderson CR, Levine BS, Hui HW, Lunte CE. Investigation of drug delivery by iontophoresis in a surgical wound utilizing microdialysis. Pharm Res 2008; 25:1762-70. [PMID: 18080730 PMCID: PMC2575049 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the penetration of lidocaine around and through a sutured incision following the application of iontophoretic and passive patches in the CD Hairless rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Concentrations in localized areas (suture, dermis, subcutaneous, and vascular) were determined using microdialysis sampling followed by analysis using liquid chromatography with UV detection. RESULTS Iontophoresis significantly enhanced the dermal penetration of lidocaine. In an intact skin model, dermal concentrations were 40 times greater following iontophoretic delivery compared to passive delivery. In a sutured incision model, iontophoresis enhanced localized concentrations in the dermis, suture, and subcutaneous regions by 6-, 15-, and 20-fold, respectively. Iontophoretic delivery to a region containing a sutured incision was focused to the incision resulting in a greater increase in the suture concentration and in the subcutaneous region directly below the incision. CONCLUSIONS The four microdialysis probe design was successful in the determination of localized drug penetration in a sutured incision model. Iontophoresis enhanced skin penetration and allowed for site specific delivery when applied to a sutured incision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J Holovics
- R. N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abramović Z, Šuštaršič U, Teskač K, Šentjurc M, Kristl J. Influence of nanosized delivery systems with benzyl nicotinate and penetration enhancers on skin oxygenation. Int J Pharm 2008; 359:220-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
39
|
Heuschkel S, Goebel A, Neubert RHH. Microemulsions--modern colloidal carrier for dermal and transdermal drug delivery. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:603-31. [PMID: 17696162 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Microemulsions are modern colloidal drug carrier systems. They form spontaneously combining appropriate amounts of a lipophilic and a hydrophilic ingredient, as well as a surfactant and a co-surfactant. Due to their special features, microemulsions offer several advantages for pharmaceutical use, such as ease of preparation, long-term stability, high solubilization capacity for hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, and improved drug delivery. The article summarizes the level of research with respect to dermal and transdermal application. A large number of in vitro as well as some in vivo studies demonstrated that drugs incorporated into microemulsions penetrate efficiently into the skin. The enhancing activity seems to be attributable to a variety of factors depending on the composition and the resulting microstructure of the formulations. However, an extended use in practice depends on the choice of well-tolerated ingredients, mainly surfactants, and the restriction of their amounts in order to guarantee skin compatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Heuschkel
- Faculty of Biosciences, Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lionberger RA. FDA critical path initiatives: opportunities for generic drug development. AAPS J 2008; 10:103-9. [PMID: 18446510 PMCID: PMC2751455 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-008-9010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
FDA's critical path initiative documents have focused on the challenges involved in the development of new drugs. Some of the focus areas identified apply equally to the production of generic drugs. However, there are scientific challenges unique to the development of generic drugs as well. In May 2007, FDA released a document "Critical Path Opportunities for Generic Drugs" that identified some of the specific challenges in the development of generic drugs. The key steps in generic product development are usually characterization of the reference product, design of a pharmaceutically equivalent and bioequivalent product, design of a consistent manufacturing process and conduct of the pivotal bioequivalence study. There are several areas of opportunity where scientific progress could accelerate the development and approval of generic products and expand the range of products for which generic versions are available, while maintaining high standards for quality, safety, and efficacy. These areas include the use of quality by design to develop bioequivalent products, more efficient bioequivalence methods for systemically acting drugs (expansion of BCS waivers, highly variable drugs), and development of new bioequivalence methods for locally acting drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Lionberger
- Office of Generic Drugs, Food and Drug Administration, 7519 Standish Place, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Spernath A, Aserin A, Sintov AC, Garti N. Phosphatidylcholine embedded micellar systems: Enhanced permeability through rat skin. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 318:421-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
42
|
Santos P, Watkinson A, Hadgraft J, Lane M. Application of Microemulsions in Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 21:246-59. [DOI: 10.1159/000140228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
43
|
DeLuca PP. Nanoemulsions as vehicles for transdermal delivery of aceclofenac. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:E104. [PMID: 18181525 PMCID: PMC2750357 DOI: 10.1208/pt0804104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of a nanoemulsion formulation for transdermal delivery of aceclofenac. Various oil-in-water nanoemulsions were prepared by the spontaneous emulsification method. The nanoemulsion area was identified by constructing pseudoternary phase diagrams. The prepared nanoemulsions were subjected to different thermodynamic stability tests. The nanoemulsion formulations that passed thermodynamic stability tests were characterized for viscosity, droplet size, transmission electron microscopy, and refractive index. Transdermal permeation of aceclofenac through rat abdominal skin was determined by Franz diffusion cell. The in vitro skin permeation profile of optimized formulations was compared with that of aceclofenac conventional gel and nanoemulsion gel. A significant increase in permeability parameters such as steady-state flux (J(ss)), permeability coefficient (K(p)), and enhancement ratio (E(r)) was observed in optimized nanoemulsion formulation F1, which consisted of 2% wt/wt of aceclofenac, 10% wt/wt of Labrafil, 5% wt/wt of Triacetin, 35.33% wt/wt of Tween 80, 17.66% wt/wt of Transcutol P, and 32% wt/wt of distilled water. The anti-inflammatory effects of formulation F1 showed a significant increase (P < .05) in percent inhibition value after 24 hours when compared with aceclofenac conventional gel and nanoemulsion gel on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. These results suggested that nanoemulsions are potential vehicles for improved transdermal delivery of aceclofenac.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/metabolism
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity
- Carrageenan
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
- Diclofenac/administration & dosage
- Diclofenac/analogs & derivatives
- Diclofenac/chemistry
- Diclofenac/metabolism
- Diclofenac/toxicity
- Diffusion Chambers, Culture
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Compounding
- Drug Stability
- Edema/chemically induced
- Edema/prevention & control
- Emulsions
- Excipients/chemistry
- Excipients/toxicity
- Kinetics
- Male
- Mice
- Nanoparticles
- Oils/chemistry
- Oils/toxicity
- Particle Size
- Permeability
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin Absorption
- Skin Irritancy Tests
- Surface Properties
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods
- Temperature
- Viscosity
- Water/chemistry
Collapse
|
44
|
Mehta SK, Kaur G, Bhasin KK. Analysis of Tween based microemulsion in the presence of TB drug rifampicin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2007; 60:95-104. [PMID: 17646089 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Revised: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of present study was to formulate microemulsion composed of oleic acid+phosphate buffer (PB)+Tween 80+ethanol and to investigate its potential as drug delivery system for an antitubercular drug rifampicin. The pseudo-ternary phase diagram has been delineated at constant surfactant/cosurfactant ratio (K(m) 0.55). Conductivity (sigma) and viscosity (keta) studies with variation in Phi (weight fraction of aqueous phase) and omega (molar concentration ratio) show the occurrence of structural changes from water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion to oil-in-water (o/w). Along with the solubility and partition studies of rifampicin in microemulsion components, the changes in the microstructure of the microemulsion after incorporation of drug have been evaluated using pH, sigma and keta studies. The results have shown that the microemulsion remained stable after the incorporation of rifampicin (in terms of optical texture and phase separation). In addition, the particle size analysis indicates that the microemulsion changes into o/w emulsion at infinite dilution. Dissolution studies infer that a controlled release of rifampicin is expected from o/w emulsion droplet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Baboota S, Shakeel F, Ahuja A, Ali J, Shafiq S. Design, development and evaluation of novel nanoemulsion formulations for transdermal potential of celecoxib. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2007; 57:315-32. [PMID: 17878111 DOI: 10.2478/v10007-007-0025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of nanoemulsion formulations for transdermal delivery of celecoxib (CXB). The in vitro skin permeation profile of optimized formulations was compared with CXB gel and nanoemulsion gel. Significant increase in the steady state flux (Jss), permeability coefficient (Kp) and enhancement ratio (Er) was observed in nanoemulsion formulations T1 and T2 (p < 0.05). The highest value of these permeability parameters was obtained in formulation T2, which consisted of 2% (m/m) of CXB, 10% (m/m) of oil phase (Sefsol 218 and Triacetin), 50% (m/m) of surfactant mixture (Tween-80 and Transcutol-P) and 40% (m/m) water. The anti-inflammatory effects of formulation T2 showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in inhibition after 24 h compared to CXB gel and nanoemulsion gel on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. These results suggested that nanoemulsions are potential vehicles for improved transdermal delivery of CXB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi-110062, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mehta SK, Kaur G, Bhasin KK. Incorporation of Antitubercular Drug Isoniazid in Pharmaceutically Accepted Microemulsion: Effect on Microstructure and Physical Parameters. Pharm Res 2007; 25:227-36. [PMID: 17577642 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of present study is to formulate microemulsion composed of oleic acid, phosphate buffer, Tween 80, ethanol and to investigate its potential as drug delivery system for an antitubercular drug isoniazid. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pseudo-ternary phase diagram (Gibbs Triangle) was delineated at constant surfactant/co-surfactant ratio (Km 0.55). Changes in the microstructure were established using conductivity (sigma), viscosity (eta), surface tension (gamma) and density measurements. Dissolution studies and particle size analysis were carried out to understand the release of isoniazid from the microemulsion formulation. Further, partitioning studies and spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR and (1)H NMR) was performed to evaluate the location of drug in the colloidal formulation. RESULTS Physico-chemical analysis of microemulsion system showed the occurrence of structural changes from water-in-oil to oil-in-water microemulsion. It has been observed that the microemulsion remained stable after the incorporation of isoniazid (in terms of optical texture, pH and phase separation). The changes in the microstructure of the microemulsion after incorporation of drug was analyzed on the basis of partition studies of isoniazid in microemulsion components and various parameters viz pH, sigma, eta,gamma. In addition, the particle size analysis indicates that the microemulsion changes into o/w emulsion at infinite dilution. The spectroscopic studies revealed that most of the drug molecules are present in the continuum region of an o/w microemulsion. Dissolution studies infer that a controlled release of drug is expected from o/w emulsion droplet. In the present system the release of isoniazid from microemulsion was found to be non-Fickian. CONCLUSION The present Tween based microemulsion appears beneficial for the delivery of the isoniazid in terms of easy preparation, stability, low cost, sustained and controlled release of a highly water soluble drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wei H, Chen Y, Xu L, Zheng J. Percutaneous penetration kinetics of lidocaine and prilocaine in two local anesthetic formulations assessed by in vivo microdialysis in pigs. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:830-4. [PMID: 17409532 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the percutaneous penetration kinetics of lidocaine (L) and prilocaine (P) in two local anesthetic formulations by in vivo microdialysis coupled with HPLC. The microdialysis system for studying lidocaine and prilocaine was calibrated by a no-net-flux method in vitro and retrodialysis method in vivo, respectively. A dosage of 0.2 g/cm2 of an in-house P-L formulation (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine, methylcellulose-based) and commercially available Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthesia (EMLA, 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine, carbopol-based) was separately but symmetrically applied in the dorsal region of pigs. Saline (0.9%, w/v) was perfused into the linear microdialysis probe at a flow rate of 1.5 microl/min. Dialysate was collected upon topical application up to 6 h at 20-min intervals and assessed by HPLC. The results demonstrated the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-6 h)) of lidocaine and prilocaine in EMLA was 71.95+/-23.36 microg h/ml and 38.01+/-14.8 microg h/ml, respectively, in comparison to 167.11+/-56.12 microg h/ml and 87.02+/-30.38 microg h/ml in the P-L formulation. The maximal concentrations (Cmax) of lidocaine and prilocaine in the dermis were 29.2+/-9.08 microg/ml and 16.54+/-5.31 microg/ml in EMLA and 80.93+/-17.98 microg/ml and 43.69+/-12.87 microg/ml in the P-L formulation, respectively. This study indicates a well-calibrated microdialysis system can provide vital real-time information on percutaneous drug delivery and specifically a methylcellulose-based P-L formulation can increase percutaneous absorption of both lidocaine and prilocaine in pigs compared to carbopol-based EMLA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Wei
- Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Teichmann A, Heuschkel S, Jacobi U, Presse G, Neubert RHH, Sterry W, Lademann J. Comparison of stratum corneum penetration and localization of a lipophilic model drug applied in an o/w microemulsion and an amphiphilic cream. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 67:699-706. [PMID: 17537622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vehicle dependent effects on the penetration behavior of drugs following topical application are well known from the literature. In this context, many reports concerning the enhancing activities for hydrophilic as well as lipophilic substances by colloidal drug carrier systems, particularly microemulsions, are available. However, there is little knowledge about the localization of the drugs within the skin and the stratum corneum, respectively. In the present study, the lipophilic dye curcumin incorporated in an oil-in-water microemulsion and in an amphiphilic cream was applied onto the skin of human volunteers. Using the method of tape stripping to remove the stratum corneum (SC), the depth profiles of the dye within the horny layer were compared. Applying the microemulsion, a deeper part of the SC was accessible by a number of 20 tapes removed and significantly smaller amounts of curcumin were found on the skin surface. Also differences in the distribution and localization of the dye within the stratum corneum were observed by laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore, curcumin was detected in hair follicles. It was obvious that the microemulsion led to a penetration into the complete follicular infundibula, whereas, following application of the cream, a fluorescence signal was only received from the follicular orifices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Teichmann
- Department of Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chaurasia CS, Müller M, Bashaw ED, Benfeldt E, Bolinder J, Bullock R, Bungay PM, DeLange ECM, Derendorf H, Elmquist WF, Hammarlund-Udenaes M, Joukhadar C, Kellogg DL, Lunte CE, Nordstrom CH, Rollema H, Sawchuk RJ, Cheung BWY, Shah VP, Stahle L, Ungerstedt U, Welty DF, Yeo H. AAPS-FDA workshop white paper: microdialysis principles, application and regulatory perspectives. Pharm Res 2007; 24:1014-25. [PMID: 17458685 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many decisions in drug development and medical practice are based on measuring blood concentrations of endogenous and exogenous molecules. Yet most biochemical and pharmacological events take place in the tissues. Also, most drugs with few notable exceptions exert their effects not within the bloodstream, but in defined target tissues into which drugs have to distribute from the central compartment. Assessing tissue drug chemistry has, thus, for long been viewed as a more rational way to provide clinically meaningful data rather than gaining information from blood samples. More specifically, it is often the extracellular (interstitial) tissue space that is most closely related to the site of action (biophase) of the drug. Currently microdialysis (microD) is the only tool available that explicitly provides data on the extracellular space. Although microD as a preclinical and clinical tool has been available for two decades, there is still uncertainty about the use of microD in drug research and development, both from a methodological and a regulatory point of view. In an attempt to reduce this uncertainty and to provide an overview of the principles and applications of microD in preclinical and clinical settings, an AAPS-FDA workshop took place in November 2005 in Nashville, TN, USA. Stakeholders from academia, industry and regulatory agencies presented their views on microD as a tool in drug research and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Chaurasia
- Division of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chaurasia CS, Müller M, Bashaw ED, Benfeldt E, Bolinder J, Bullock R, Bungay PM, DeLange ECM, Derendorf H, Elmquist WF, Hammarlund-Udenaes M, Joukhadar C, Kellogg DL, Lunte CE, Nordstrom CH, Rollema H, Sawchuk RJ, Cheung BWY, Shah VP, Stahle L, Ungerstedt U, Welty DF, Yeo H. AAPS-FDA workshop white paper: Microdialysis principles, application, and regulatory perspectives report from the Joint AAPS-FDA Workshop, November 4–5, 2005, Nashville, TN. AAPS JOURNAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1208/aapsj0901006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|