1
|
Silva AD, Hwang J, Marciel MP, Bellis SL. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 promote upregulation of the ST6GAL1 sialyltransferase in pancreatic cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107752. [PMID: 39260693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The ST6GAL1 sialyltransferase is overexpressed in multiple cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). ST6GAL1 adds an α2-6-linked sialic acid to N-glycosylated membrane receptors, which consequently modulates receptor structure and function. While many studies have investigated the effects of ST6GAL1 on cell phenotype, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding mechanisms that regulate ST6GAL1 expression. In the current study, we evaluated the regulation of ST6GAL1 by two pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, which are abundant within the PDAC tumor microenvironment. Cytokine activity was monitored using the Suit-2 PDAC cell line and two Suit-2-derived metastatic subclones, S2-013 and S2-LM7AA. For all three cell models, treatment with IL-1β or IL-6 increased the expression of ST6GAL1 protein and mRNA. Specifically, IL-1β and IL-6 induced expression of the ST6GAL1 YZ mRNA isoform, which is driven by the P3 promoter. The ST6GAL1 H and X isoforms were not detected. Promoter reporter assays confirmed that IL-1β and IL-6 activated transcription from the P3 promoter. We then examined downstream signaling mechanisms. IL-1β is known to signal through the NFκB transcription factor, whereas IL-6 signals through the STAT3 transcription factor. CUT&RUN experiments revealed that IL-1β promoted the binding of NFκB to the ST6GAL1 P3 promoter, and IL-6 induced the binding of STAT3 to the P3 promoter. Finally, we determined that inhibitors of NFκB and STAT3 blocked the upregulation of ST6GAL1 stimulated by IL-1β and IL-6, respectively. Together, these results highlight a novel molecular pathway by which cytokines within the tumor microenvironment stimulate the upregulation of ST6GAL1 in PDAC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin D Silva
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jihye Hwang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael P Marciel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Susan L Bellis
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Chen C, Ji E. Identification of significant biomarkers for predicting the risk of bipolar disorder with arteriosclerosis based on integrative bioinformatics and machine learning. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1392437. [PMID: 39290304 PMCID: PMC11405317 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1392437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increasing evidence has indicated a connection between bipolar disorder (BD) and arteriosclerosis (AS), yet the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the hub genes and molecular pathways for BD with AS. Methods BD-related dataset GSE12649 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key module genes derived from Limma and weighted gene co-expression network analyses (WGCNA) were identified. AS-related genes were sourced from the DisGeNET database, and the overlapping genes between DEGs and AS-related genes were characterized as differentially expressed arteriosclerosis-related genes (DE-ASRGs). The functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and three machine learning algorithms were performed to explore the hub genes, which were validated with two external validation sets. Additionally, immune infiltration was performed in BD. Results Overall, 67 DE-ASRGs were found to be overlapping between the DEGs and AS-related genes. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted the cancer pathways between BD and AS. We identified seven candidate hub genes (CTSD, IRF3, NPEPPS, ST6GAL1, HIF1A, SOX9 and CX3CR1). Eventually, two hub genes (CX3CR1 and ST6GAL1) were identified as BD and AS co-biomarkers by using machine learning algorithms. Immune infiltration had revealed the disorder of immunocytes. Discussion This study identified the hub genes CX3CR1 and ST6GAL1 in BD and AS, providing new insights for further research on the bioinformatic mechanisms of BD with AS and contributing to the diagnosis and prevention of AS in psychiatric clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiabing Zheng
- Department of Bipolar Disorder, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cai Chen
- Department of Drug Dependence, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Erni Ji
- Department of Bipolar Disorder, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kosmicki JA, Marcketta A, Sharma D, Di Gioia SA, Batista S, Yang XM, Tzoneva G, Martinez H, Sidore C, Kessler MD, Horowitz JE, Roberts GHL, Justice AE, Banerjee N, Coignet MV, Leader JB, Park DS, Lanche R, Maxwell E, Knight SC, Bai X, Guturu H, Baltzell A, Girshick AR, McCurdy SR, Partha R, Mansfield AJ, Turissini DA, Zhang M, Mbatchou J, Watanabe K, Verma A, Sirugo G, Ritchie MD, Salerno WJ, Shuldiner AR, Rader DJ, Mirshahi T, Marchini J, Overton JD, Carey DJ, Habegger L, Reid JG, Economides A, Kyratsous C, Karalis K, Baum A, Cantor MN, Rand KA, Hong EL, Ball CA, Siminovitch K, Baras A, Abecasis GR, Ferreira MAR. Genetic risk factors for COVID-19 and influenza are largely distinct. Nat Genet 2024; 56:1592-1596. [PMID: 39103650 PMCID: PMC11319199 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza are respiratory illnesses caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses, respectively. Both diseases share symptoms and clinical risk factors1, but the extent to which these conditions have a common genetic etiology is unknown. This is partly because host genetic risk factors are well characterized for COVID-19 but not for influenza, with the largest published genome-wide association studies for these conditions including >2 million individuals2 and about 1,000 individuals3-6, respectively. Shared genetic risk factors could point to targets to prevent or treat both infections. Through a genetic study of 18,334 cases with a positive test for influenza and 276,295 controls, we show that published COVID-19 risk variants are not associated with influenza. Furthermore, we discovered and replicated an association between influenza infection and noncoding variants in B3GALT5 and ST6GAL1, neither of which was associated with COVID-19. In vitro small interfering RNA knockdown of ST6GAL1-an enzyme that adds sialic acid to the cell surface, which is used for viral entry-reduced influenza infectivity by 57%. These results mirror the observation that variants that downregulate ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, protect against COVID-19 (ref. 7). Collectively, these findings highlight downregulation of key cell surface receptors used for viral entry as treatment opportunities to prevent COVID-19 and influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giorgio Sirugo
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alina Baum
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
An SY, Kim KS, Lee YC, Kim SH. Transcription of human β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (hST6Gal I) is downregulated by curcumin through AMPK signaling in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:901-909. [PMID: 37231294 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we observed that in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells mRNA level of the human β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (hST6Gal I) was decreased by curcumin. FACS analysis using the α2,6-sialyl-specific lectin (SNA) also showed a noticeable decrease in binding to SNA by curcumin. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism for curcumin-triggered downregulation of hST6Gal I transcription. METHODS The mRNA levels of nine kinds of hST genes were assessed by RT-PCR after curcumin was treated in HCT116 cells. The level of hST6Gal I product on cell surface was examined by flow cytometry analysis. Luciferase reporter plasmids with 5'-deleted constructs and mutants of the hST6Gal I promoter were transiently transfected into HCT116 cells, and the luciferase activity was measured after treatment with curcumin. RESULTS Curcumin led to significant transcriptional repression of the hST6Gal I promoter. Promoter analysis using deletion mutants proved that the - 303 to - 189 region of the hST6Gal I promoter is required for transcriptional repression in response to curcumin. Among putative binding sites for transcription factors IK2, GATA1, TCF12, TAL1/E2A, SPT, and SL1 in this region, by site-directed mutagenesis analysis the TAL/E2A binding site (nucleotides - 266/- 246) was proved to be crucial for curcumin-triggered downregulation of hST6Gal I transcription in HCT116 cells. The transcription activity of hST6Gal I gene in HCT116 cells was markedly suppressed by compound C, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor. CONCLUSION These indicate that gene expression of hST6Gal I in HCT116 cells is controlled through AMPK/TAL/E2A signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Young An
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sook Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea
| | - Young-Choon Lee
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea.
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gabius H, Cudic M, Diercks T, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Mayo KH, Murphy PV, Oscarson S, Roy R, Schedlbauer A, Toegel S, Romero A. What is the Sugar Code? Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100327. [PMID: 34496130 PMCID: PMC8901795 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A code is defined by the nature of the symbols, which are used to generate information-storing combinations (e. g. oligo- and polymers). Like nucleic acids and proteins, oligo- and polysaccharides are ubiquitous, and they are a biochemical platform for establishing molecular messages. Of note, the letters of the sugar code system (third alphabet of life) excel in coding capacity by making an unsurpassed versatility for isomer (code word) formation possible by variability in anomery and linkage position of the glycosidic bond, ring size and branching. The enzymatic machinery for glycan biosynthesis (writers) realizes this enormous potential for building a large vocabulary. It includes possibilities for dynamic editing/erasing as known from nucleic acids and proteins. Matching the glycome diversity, a large panel of sugar receptors (lectins) has developed based on more than a dozen folds. Lectins 'read' the glycan-encoded information. Hydrogen/coordination bonding and ionic pairing together with stacking and C-H/π-interactions as well as modes of spatial glycan presentation underlie the selectivity and specificity of glycan-lectin recognition. Modular design of lectins together with glycan display and the nature of the cognate glycoconjugate account for the large number of post-binding events. They give an entry to the glycan vocabulary its functional, often context-dependent meaning(s), hereby building the dictionary of the sugar code.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichVeterinärstr. 1380539MunichGermany
| | - Maré Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryCharles E. Schmidt College of ScienceFlorida Atlantic University777 Glades RoadBoca RatonFlorida33431USA
| | - Tammo Diercks
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE)Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A48160DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichVeterinärstr. 1380539MunichGermany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of PathologyDepartment of Applied Tumor BiologyFaculty of MedicineRuprecht-Karls-University HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Kevin H. Mayo
- Department of BiochemistryMolecular Biology & BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA
| | - Paul V. Murphy
- CÚRAM – SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and theSchool of ChemistryNational University of Ireland GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical BiologyUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland
| | - René Roy
- Département de Chimie et BiochimieUniversité du Québec à MontréalCase Postale 888Succ. Centre-Ville MontréalQuébecH3C 3P8Canada
| | - Andreas Schedlbauer
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE)Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A48160DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic BiologyDepartment of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Antonio Romero
- Department of Structural and Chemical BiologyCIB Margarita Salas, CSICRamiro de Maeztu 928040MadridSpain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rao TC, Beggs RR, Ankenbauer KE, Hwang J, Ma VPY, Salaita K, Bellis SL, Mattheyses AL. ST6Gal-I-mediated sialylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor modulates cell mechanics and enhances invasion. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101726. [PMID: 35157848 PMCID: PMC8956946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity within the glycocalyx influences cell adhesion mechanics and signaling. However, the role of specific glycosylation subtypes in influencing cell mechanics via alterations of receptor function remains unexplored. It has been shown that the addition of sialic acid to terminal glycans impacts growth, development, and cancer progression. In addition, the sialyltransferase ST6Gal-I promotes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity, and we have shown EGFR is an 'allosteric mechano-organizer' of integrin tension. Here, we investigated the impact of ST6Gal-I on cell mechanics. Using DNA-based tension gauge tether probes of variable thresholds, we found that high ST6Gal-I activity promotes increased integrin forces and spreading in Cos-7 and OVCAR3, OVCAR5, and OV4 cancer cells. Further, employing inhibitors and function-blocking antibodies against β1, β3, and β5 integrins and ST6Gal-I targets EGFR, tumor necrosis factor receptor, and Fas cell surface death receptor, we validated that the observed phenotypes are EGFR-specific. We found that while tension, contractility, and adhesion are extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway-dependent, spreading, proliferation, and invasion are phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt serine/threonine kinase dependent. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we also show that high ST6Gal-I activity leads to sustained EGFR membrane retention, making it a key regulator of cell mechanics. Our findings suggest a novel sialylation-dependent mechanism orchestrating cellular mechanics and enhancing cell motility via EGFR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tejeshwar C Rao
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Reena R Beggs
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Katherine E Ankenbauer
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jihye Hwang
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Susan L Bellis
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rodrigues JG, Duarte HO, Gomes C, Balmaña M, Martins ÁM, Hensbergen PJ, de Ru AH, Lima J, Albergaria A, van Veelen PA, Wuhrer M, Gomes J, Reis CA. Terminal α2,6-sialylation of epidermal growth factor receptor modulates antibody therapy response of colorectal cancer cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:835-850. [PMID: 33847896 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a key protein involved in cancer development. Monoclonal antibodies targeting EGFR are approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite the beneficial clinical effects observed in subgroups of patients, the acquisition of resistance to treatment remains a major concern. Protein N-glycosylation of cellular receptors is known to regulate physiological processes leading to activation of downstream signaling pathways. In the present study, the role of EGFR-specific terminal ⍺2,6-sialylation was analyzed in modulation of the malignant phenotype of CRC cells and their resistance to monoclonal antibody Cetuximab-based therapy. METHODS Glycoengineered CRC cell models with specific sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 expression levels were applied to evaluate EGFR activation, cell surface glycosylation and therapeutic response to Cetuximab. RESULTS Glycoproteomic analysis revealed EGFR as a major target of ST6Gal1-mediated ⍺2,6-sialylation in a glycosite-specific manner. Mechanistically, CRC cells with increased ST6Gal1 expression and displaying terminal ⍺2,6-sialylation showed a marked resistance to Cetuximab-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, we found that this resistance was accompanied by downregulation of EGFR expression and its activation. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that EGFR ⍺2,6-sialylation is a key factor in modulating the susceptibility of CRC cells to antibody targeted therapy, thereby disclosing a potential novel biomarker and providing key molecular information for tailor made anti-cancer strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana G Rodrigues
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique O Duarte
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Gomes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Meritxell Balmaña
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Álvaro M Martins
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paul J Hensbergen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Lima
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Albergaria
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joana Gomes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Celso A Reis
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martins ÁM, Ramos CC, Freitas D, Reis CA. Glycosylation of Cancer Extracellular Vesicles: Capture Strategies, Functional Roles and Potential Clinical Applications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010109. [PMID: 33430152 PMCID: PMC7827205 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are major constituents of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Alterations in the glycosylation pathway are a common feature of cancer cells, which gives rise to de novo or increased synthesis of particular glycans. Therefore, glycans and glycoproteins have been widely used in the clinic as both stratification and prognosis cancer biomarkers. Interestingly, several of the known tumor-associated glycans have already been identified in cancer EVs, highlighting EV glycosylation as a potential source of circulating cancer biomarkers. These particles are crucial vehicles of cell–cell communication, being able to transfer molecular information and to modulate the recipient cell behavior. The presence of particular glycoconjugates has been described to be important for EV protein sorting, uptake and organ-tropism. Furthermore, specific EV glycans or glycoproteins have been described to be able to distinguish tumor EVs from benign EVs. In this review, the application of EV glycosylation in the development of novel EV detection and capture methodologies is discussed. In addition, we highlight the potential of EV glycosylation in the clinical setting for both cancer biomarker discovery and EV therapeutic delivery strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro M. Martins
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Á.M.M.); (C.C.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia C. Ramos
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Á.M.M.); (C.C.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Freitas
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Á.M.M.); (C.C.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (D.F.); (C.A.R.); Tel.:+351-225-570-786 (C.A.R.)
| | - Celso A. Reis
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Á.M.M.); (C.C.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (D.F.); (C.A.R.); Tel.:+351-225-570-786 (C.A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Frkatovic A, Zaytseva OO, Klaric L. Genetic Regulation of Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:259-287. [PMID: 34687013 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Defining the genetic components that control glycosylation of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is an ongoing effort, which has so far been addressed by means of heritability, linkage and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Unlike the synthesis of proteins, N-glycosylation biosynthesis is not a template-driven process, but rather a complex process regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. Current heritability studies have shown that while up to 75% of the variation in levels of some IgG glycan traits can be explained by genetics, some glycan traits are completely defined by environmental influences. Advances in both high-throughput genotyping and glycan quantification methods have enabled genome-wide association studies that are increasingly used to estimate associations of millions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and glycosylation traits. Using this method, 18 genomic regions have so far been robustly associated with IgG N-glycosylation, discovering associations with genes encoding glycosyltransferases, but also transcription factors, co-factors, membrane transporters and other genes with no apparent role in IgG glycosylation. Further computational analyses have shown that IgG glycosylation is likely to be regulated through the expression of glycosyltransferases, but have also for the first time suggested which transcription factors are involved in the process. Moreover, it was also shown that IgG glycosylation and inflammatory diseases share common underlying causal genetic variants, suggesting that studying genetic regulation of IgG glycosylation helps not only to better understand this complex process but can also contribute to understanding why glycans are changed in disease. However, further studies are needed to unravel whether changes in IgG glycosylation are causing these diseases or the changes in the glycome are caused by the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azra Frkatovic
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga O Zaytseva
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Klaric
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dall'Olio F, Malagolini N. Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation Changes in Aging and Other Inflammatory Conditions. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:303-340. [PMID: 34687015 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the multiple roles played by protein glycosylation, the fine regulation of biological interactions is one of the most important. The asparagine 297 (Asn297) of IgG heavy chains is decorated by a diantennary glycan bearing a number of galactose and sialic acid residues on the branches ranging from 0 to 2. In addition, the structure can present core-linked fucose and/or a bisecting GlcNAc. In many inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, as well as in metabolic, cardiovascular, infectious, and neoplastic diseases, the IgG Asn297-linked glycan becomes less sialylated and less galactosylated, leading to increased expression of glycans terminating with GlcNAc. These conditions alter also the presence of core-fucose and bisecting GlcNAc. Importantly, similar glycomic alterations are observed in aging. The common condition, shared by the above-mentioned pathological conditions and aging, is a low-grade, chronic, asymptomatic inflammatory state which, in the case of aging, is known as inflammaging. Glycomic alterations associated with inflammatory diseases often precede disease onset and follow remission. The aberrantly glycosylated IgG glycans associated with inflammation and aging can sustain inflammation through different mechanisms, fueling a vicious loop. These include complement activation, Fcγ receptor binding, binding to lectin receptors on antigen-presenting cells, and autoantibody reactivity. The complex molecular bases of the glycomic changes associated with inflammation and aging are still poorly understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dorsett KA, Marciel MP, Hwang J, Ankenbauer KE, Bhalerao N, Bellis SL. Regulation of ST6GAL1 sialyltransferase expression in cancer cells. Glycobiology 2020; 31:530-539. [PMID: 33320246 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ST6GAL1 sialyltransferase, which adds α2-6 linked sialic acids to N-glycosylated proteins, is overexpressed in a wide range of human malignancies. Recent studies have established the importance of ST6GAL1 in promoting tumor cell behaviors such as invasion, resistance to cell stress and chemoresistance. Furthermore, ST6GAL1 activity has been implicated in imparting cancer stem cell characteristics. However, despite the burgeoning interest in the role of ST6GAL1 in the phenotypic features of tumor cells, insufficient attention has been paid to the molecular mechanisms responsible for ST6GAL1 upregulation during neoplastic transformation. Evidence suggests that these mechanisms are multifactorial, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranslational regulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the molecular events that drive enriched ST6GAL1 expression in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn A Dorsett
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michael P Marciel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jihye Hwang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Katherine E Ankenbauer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nikita Bhalerao
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Susan L Bellis
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
An SY, Lee M, Yoon HK, Abekura F, Kim KS, Kim DH, Kim HJ, Lee K, Kim CH, Lee YC. Regulation of human β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (hST6Gal I) gene expression during differentiation of human osteoblastic MG-63 cells. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:681-690. [PMID: 33108606 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we found that gene expression of the human β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (hST6Gal I) was specifically increased during differentiation of human MG-63 osteoblastic cells by serum starvation (SS). In parallel, a distinct increase in binding to SNA, the α2,6-sialyl-specific lectin, was observed in serum-starved cells, as demonstrated by FACS analysis. 5'-Rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis demonstrated that the increase of hST6Gal I transcript by SS is mediated by P1 promoter. To elucidate transcriptional regulation of hST6Gal I in SS-induced MG-63 cells, we functionally characterized the P1 promoter region of the hST6Gal I gene. The 5'-deletion analysis of P1 promoter region revealed that the 189 bp upstream region of transcription start site is critical for transcriptional activity of hST6Gal I gene in SS-induced MG-63 cells. This region contains the predicted binding sites for several transcription factors, including AREB6, FOXP1, SIX3, HNF1, YY2, and MOK2. The mutagenesis analysis for these sites and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that the YY2 binding site at -98 to -77 was essential for the SS-induced hST6Gal I gene expression during differentiation of MG-63 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Young An
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea
| | - Miri Lee
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea
| | - Fukushi Abekura
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Kyunggi-Do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sook Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jun Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201, South Korea
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, the Ohio State University, 2029 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Kyunggi-Do, 16419, South Korea.
| | - Young-Choon Lee
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin WD, Fan TC, Hung JT, Yeo HL, Wang SH, Kuo CW, Khoo KH, Pai LM, Yu J, Yu AL. Sialylation of CD55 by ST3GAL1 Facilitates Immune Evasion in Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 9:113-122. [PMID: 33177111 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Altered glycosylations, which are associated with expression and activities of glycosyltransferases, can dramatically affect the function of glycoproteins and modify the behavior of tumor cells. ST3GAL1 is a sialyltransferase that adds sialic acid to core 1 glycans, thereby terminating glycan chain extension. In breast carcinomas, overexpression of ST3GAL1 promotes tumorigenesis and correlates with increased tumor grade. In pursuing the role of ST3GAL1 in breast cancer using ST3GAL1-siRNA to knockdown ST3GAL1, we identified CD55 to be one of the potential target proteins of ST3GAL1. CD55 is an important complement regulatory protein, preventing cells from complement-mediated cytotoxicity. CD55 had one N-linked glycosylation site in addition to a Ser/Thr-rich domain, which was expected to be heavily O-glycosylated. Detailed analyses of N- and O-linked oligosaccharides of CD55 released from scramble or ST3GAL1 siRNA-treated breast cancer cells by tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the N-glycan profile was not affected by ST3GAL1 silencing. The O-glycan profile of CD55 demonstrated a shift in abundance to nonsialylated core 1 and monosialylated core 2 at the expense of the disialylated core 2 structure after ST3GAL1 silencing. We also demonstrated that O-linked desialylation of CD55 by ST3GAL1 silencing resulted in increased C3 deposition and complement-mediated lysis of breast cancer cells and enhanced sensitivity to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These data demonstrated that ST3GAL1-mediated O-linked sialylation of CD55 acts like an immune checkpoint molecule for cancer cells to evade immune attack and that inhibition of ST3GAL1 is a potential strategy to block CD55-mediated immune evasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Der Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tan-Chi Fan
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Yeo
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hung Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Mei Pai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Alice L Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fu D, Zhong Z, Shi D, Peng Y, Li B, Wang D, Guo L, Li Z, Mao H, Yu X, Li M. ST6GAL1 polymorphisms influence susceptibility and progression of IgA nephropathy in a Chinese Han population. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151973. [PMID: 32747022 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ST6GAL1 has been identified as a novel susceptibility gene for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in a previous genome-wide association study. The present study is aimed at exploring whether the genetic polymorphisms of ST6GAL1 gene correlate with IgAN susceptibility, clinical phenotypes and progression in a Chinese Han population. METHODS Twenty-six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ST6GAL1 were genotyped in 1000 biopsy-proven IgAN patients and 1000 control subjects of Chinese Han population using Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX. A logistic regression analysis with age and sex as covariates was performed to evaluate the effects of ST6GAL1 gene polymorphisms on IgAN susceptibility. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models were applied to analyze the associations between genetic variants and renal survival. RESULTS We found that rs7634389 (OR = 1.24, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.50, pdominant = 0.034) and rs6784233 (OR = 1.23, 95 % CI = 1.05-1.45, padditive = 0.013; OR = 1.28, 95 % CI = 1.05-1.55, pdominant = 0.014) were associated with susceptibility of IgAN. In addition, rs7634389 was correlated with hyperuricemia (OR = 1.27, p = 0.012) and segmental glomerulosclerosis (OR = 1.21, p = 0.047) in IgAN patients. Furthermore, rs7634389 was independently associated with renal survival after adjustments for multiple confounders (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.51, 95 % CI = 0.33-0.78, p = 0.002). Haplotype analysis for ST6GAL1 polymorphisms confirmed their associations with the susceptibility to IgAN. CONCLUSIONS Our research suggested that ST6GAL1 gene polymorphisms were implicated in IgAN susceptibility and clinical outcome in a Chinese Han population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zhong Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Dianchun Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Bin Li
- Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Haiping Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mikolajczyk K, Kaczmarek R, Czerwinski M. How glycosylation affects glycosylation: the role of N-glycans in glycosyltransferase activity. Glycobiology 2020; 30:941-969. [PMID: 32363402 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications of proteins. It plays important roles in the biogenesis and functions of proteins by influencing their folding, intracellular localization, stability and solubility. N-glycans are synthesized by glycosyltransferases, a complex group of ubiquitous enzymes that occur in most kingdoms of life. A growing body of evidence shows that N-glycans may influence processing and functions of glycosyltransferases, including their secretion, stability and substrate/acceptor affinity. Changes in these properties may have a profound impact on glycosyltransferase activity. Indeed, some glycosyltransferases have to be glycosylated themselves for full activity. N-glycans and glycosyltransferases play roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases (including cancers), so studies on glycosyltransferases may contribute to the development of new therapy methods and novel glycoengineered enzymes with improved properties. In this review, we focus on the role of N-glycosylation in the activity of glycosyltransferases and attempt to summarize all available data about this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Mikolajczyk
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Venturi G, Gomes Ferreira I, Pucci M, Ferracin M, Malagolini N, Chiricolo M, Dall'Olio F. Impact of sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 overexpression on different colon cancer cell types. Glycobiology 2020; 29:684-695. [PMID: 31317190 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated glycan structures can be both tumor markers and engines of disease progression. The structure Siaα2,6Galβ1,4GlcNAc (Sia6LacNAc), synthesized by sialyltransferase ST6GAL1, is a cancer-associated glycan. Although ST6GAL1/Sia6LacNAc are often overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), their biological and clinical significance remains unclear. To get insights into the clinical relevance of ST6GAL1 expression in CRC, we interrogated The Cancer Genome Atlas with mRNA expression data of hundreds of clinically characterized CRC and normal samples. We found an association of low ST6GAL1 expression with microsatellite instability (MSI), BRAF mutations and mucinous phenotype but not with stage, response to therapy and survival. To investigate the impact of ST6GAL1 expression in experimental systems, we analyzed the transcriptome and the phenotype of the CRC cell lines SW948 and SW48 after retroviral transduction with ST6GAL1 cDNA. The two cell lines display the two main pathways of CRC transformation: chromosomal instability and MSI, respectively. Constitutive ST6GAL1 expression induced much deeper transcriptomic changes in SW948 than in SW48 and affected different genes in the two cell lines. ST6GAL1 expression affected differentially the tyrosine phosphorylation induced by hepatocyte growth factor, the ability to grow in soft agar, to heal a scratch wound and to invade Matrigel in the two cell lines. These results indicate that the altered expression of a cancer-associated glycosyltransferase impacts the gene expression profile, as well as the phenotype, although in a cancer subtype-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Venturi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, General Pathology Building, University of Bologna Via S. Giacomo 14, Bologna, Italy
| | - Inês Gomes Ferreira
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, General Pathology Building, University of Bologna Via S. Giacomo 14, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Pucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, General Pathology Building, University of Bologna Via S. Giacomo 14, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, General Pathology Building, University of Bologna Via S. Giacomo 14, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, General Pathology Building, University of Bologna Via S. Giacomo 14, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariella Chiricolo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, General Pathology Building, University of Bologna Via S. Giacomo 14, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, General Pathology Building, University of Bologna Via S. Giacomo 14, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mostafavi E, Esmaeilnejad B, Meysam Abtahi Foroushani S. Evaluation of cytokines and sialic acids contents in horses naturally infected with Theileria equi. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 70:101453. [PMID: 32163745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess the effects of T. equi infection on serum concentrations of some important cytokines including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12α, IL-12β, IL-18, as well as total, protein and lipid binding sialic acids (TSA, PBSA and LBSA). Furthermore, any probable relation among the parasitemia, cytokines and sialic acids (SAs) were calculated using Pearson correlation and simple linear regression. Almost 300 draft horses (Kurdish-breed) with age of 3-4 years old from north-west of Iran were examined and an infected group comprised of 28 mares, naturally infected with T. equi, was identified and divided into 3 subgroups according to their parasitemia rates (low <1 %, moderate 1-3 % and high 3-5 %). Twenty healthy horses were considered as a control. Characterization and differentiation of piroplasmosis were conducted using routine hematological procedures and specific PCR assay. The results revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in all of the cytokines and SAs in a parasitic burden-dependent fashion. Additionally, a strong and positive relation was detected among the parasitemia, cytokines and SAs. Conclusively, T. equi infection is associated with induction of severe inflammatory processes in horses and SA plays a pivotal role in pathophysiology of the disease as it is tightly correlated with the parasitemia rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Mostafavi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bijan Esmaeilnejad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Garnham R, Scott E, Livermore KE, Munkley J. ST6GAL1: A key player in cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:983-989. [PMID: 31423157 PMCID: PMC6607188 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a universal feature of cancer cells and there is now overwhelming evidence that glycans can modulate pathways intrinsic to tumour cell biology. Glycans are important in all of the cancer hallmarks and there is a renewed interest in the glycomic profiling of tumours to improve early diagnosis, determine patient prognosis and identify targets for therapeutic intervention. One of the most widely occurring cancer associated changes in glycosylation is abnormal sialylation which is often accompanied by changes in sialyltransferase activity. Several sialyltransferases are implicated in cancer, but in recent years ST6 β-galactoside α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1) has become increasingly dominant in the literature. ST6GAL1 catalyses the addition of α2,6-linked sialic acids to terminal N-glycans and can modify glycoproteins and/or glycolipids. ST6GAL1 is upregulated in numerous types of cancer (including pancreatic, prostate, breast and ovarian cancer) and can promote growth, survival and metastasis. The present review discusses ST6GAL in relation to the hallmarks of cancer, and highlights its key role in multiple mechanisms intrinsic to tumour cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Garnham
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Emma Scott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Karen E Livermore
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yuan Q, Chen X, Han Y, Lei T, Wu Q, Yu X, Wang L, Fan Z, Wang S. Modification of α2,6-sialylation mediates the invasiveness and tumorigenicity of non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo via Notch1/Hes1/MMPs pathway. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2319-2330. [PMID: 29981167 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The alterations of sialylation on cell surface N-glycans due to overexpression of different sialyltransferases play a vital role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The β-galactoside α2-6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal-I) has been reported to be highly expressed in several cancers, including breast cancer, hepatocellular cancer and colon carcinoma. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of ST6Gal-I in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still need to be elucidated. In this study, we determined that mRNA levels of ST3GAL1, ST6GALNAC3 and ST8SIA6 were remarkably reduced in lung cancer tissues and cells, whereas ST6GAL1 level significantly increased. The mRNA, protein and glycan levels of ST6Gal-I were higher in lung cancer tissues and cells. Moreover, down-regulation of ST6Gal-I decreased protein levels of Jagged1, DLL-1, Notch1, Hes1, Hey1, matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) and VEGF, and suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities of A549 and H1299 cells in vitro. In vivo, ST6Gal-I silencing suppressed tumorigenicity of NSCLC cells in athymic nude mice via the Notch1/Hes1/MMPs pathway. In addition, overexpression of Notch1 rescued the reduced growth and metastasis of A549 and H1299 cells resulted by ST6Gal-I silencing. Modification of α2,6-sialylation positively associates with lung cancer progression, thereby indicating that ST6Gal-I may mediate the invasiveness and tumorigenicity of NSCLC cells via the Notch1/Hes1/MMPs pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our results provide a novel therapeutic approach for blocking metastasis in lung cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingmin Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhe Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lopez Aguilar A, Meng L, Hou X, Li W, Moremen KW, Wu P. Sialyltransferase-Based Chemoenzymatic Histology for the Detection of N- and O-Glycans. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1231-1239. [PMID: 29569918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Profiling specific glycans in histopathological samples is hampered by the lack of selective and sensitive tools for their detection. Here, we report on the development of chemoenzymatic histology of membrane polysaccharide (CHoMP)-based methods for the detection of O- and N-linked glycans on tissue sections via the use of sialyltransferases ST3Gal1 and ST6Gal1, respectively. Combining these two methods, we developed tandem labeling and double labeling strategies that permit the detection of unsialylated and sialylated glycans or the detection of O- and N-linked glycans on the same tissue section, respectively. We applied these methods to screen murine tissue specimens, human multiple-organ cancer arrays, and lymphoma and prostate cancer arrays. Using tandem labeling with ST6Gal1 to analyze N-glycans in a prostate cancer array, we found striking differences in expression patterns of both sialylated and unsialylated N-glycans between cancerous and healthy samples. Such differences were also observed between normal tissue from healthy donors and healthy tissue adjacent to tumors. Our double labeling technique identified significant differences in unsialylated O-glycans between B-cell and T-cell lymphomas and between B-cell lymphomas and normal adjacent lymph nodes. Remarkable differences were also detected between adjacent lymph nodes and spleen tissue samples. These new chemoenzymatic histology methods therefore provide valuable tools for the analysis of glycans in clinically relevant tissue samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aime Lopez Aguilar
- Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Lu Meng
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Xiaomeng Hou
- Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Briard JG, Jiang H, Moremen KW, Macauley MS, Wu P. Cell-based glycan arrays for probing glycan-glycan binding protein interactions. Nat Commun 2018; 9:880. [PMID: 29491407 PMCID: PMC5830402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan microarrays provide a high-throughput means of profiling the interactions of glycan-binding proteins with their ligands. However, the construction of current glycan microarray platforms is time consuming and expensive. Here, we report a fast and cost-effective method for the assembly of cell-based glycan arrays to probe glycan-glycan-binding protein interactions directly on the cell surface. Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants with a narrow and relatively homogeneous repertoire of glycoforms serve as the foundation platforms to develop these arrays. Using recombinant glycosyltransferases, sialic acid, fucose, and analogs thereof are installed on cell-surface glycans to form cell-based arrays displaying diverse glycan epitopes that can be probed with glycan-binding proteins by flow cytometry. Using this platform, high-affinity glycan ligands are discovered for Siglec-15-a sialic acid-binding lectin involved in osteoclast differentiation. Incubating human osteoprogenitor cells with cells displaying a high-affinity Siglec-15 ligand impairs osteoclast differentiation, demonstrating the utility of this cell-based glycan array technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Grace Briard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science & Technology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, China
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Matthew Scott Macauley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mariño-Crespo Ó, Fernández-Briera A, Gil-Martín E. Identification of proteins with the CDw75 epitope in human colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:580-587. [PMID: 29391890 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The CDw75 epitope is an α(2,6) sialylated antigen overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), where its expression correlates with the progression of the disease. The CDw75 epitope is located mainly in N-glycoproteins, whose identity remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to identify proteins with the CDw75 epitope as a strategy to deepen the understanding of molecular pathogenesis of CRC and to identify novel biomarkers for this disease. For this purpose, a two-dimensional electrophoresis approach was employed. Protein spots in the gels were matched to the corresponding CDw75 positive spots in the immunoblotted polyvinylidene difluoride membranes, and further identification of the protein species was performed by mass spectrometry. Additionally, one-dimensional western blotting experiments were performed to verify the expression of these candidate proteins in the colorectal tissue and their coincidence in molecular mass with the CDw75-positive bands. The findings of the present study indicate that haptoglobin and the keratins 8 (K8) and 18 (K18) are proteins with the CDw75 epitope in the colorectal tissue from CRC patients and also suggest novel functions and cellular locations for these proteins in the colorectal tissue and in relation to CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Mariño-Crespo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO, 'Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia'), University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Almudena Fernández-Briera
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO, 'Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia'), University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO, 'Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia'), University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen X, Wang L, Zhao Y, Yuan S, Wu Q, Zhu X, Niang B, Wang S, Zhang J. ST6Gal-I modulates docetaxel sensitivity in human hepatocarcinoma cells via the p38 MAPK/caspase pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51955-51964. [PMID: 27340870 PMCID: PMC5239527 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-galactoside α2-6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal-I) is the principal sialyltransferase responsible for the addition of α2-6-sialic acid to the termini N-glycans on cell surface. Although ST6Gal-I in cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutics agents has been previously reported, the role of ST6Gal-I in clinical drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not fully understood. In this study, we found that knockdown of ST6Gal-I increased the sensitivity of hepatocarcinoma MHCC97-H cells to docetaxel treatment by instigating the process of apoptosis. Silencing ST6Gal-I expression decreased the survival rate of MHCC97-H cells after docetaxel treatment. Importantly, ST6Gal-I silencing resulted in an increasing of phospho-p38, Bax, Bad, cytochrome c and the cleaved caspase-9, 3 and PARP, while a decreasing of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In addition, we found that p38 MAPK and caspase-3 inhibitors can reduce the enhanced apoptosis levels of MHCC97-H cells resulted by either ST6Gal-I silencing or docetaxel treatment. Conversely, exogenous expression of ST6Gal-I in hepatocarcinoma Huh7 cells inhibited apoptotic cell death and prevented docetaxel-induced apoptosis by inhibiting p38 MAPK mediated mitochondrial-dependent pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that ST6Gal-I might play a positive role in mediating the survival of human hepatocarcinoma cells and could be a potential target for gene and antitumor drugs therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Chen
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, Liaoning, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Shiqi Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Bachir Niang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Capicciotti CJ, Zong C, Sheikh MO, Sun T, Wells L, Boons GJ. Cell-Surface Glyco-Engineering by Exogenous Enzymatic Transfer Using a Bifunctional CMP-Neu5Ac Derivative. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13342-13348. [PMID: 28858492 PMCID: PMC5705004 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell-surface engineering strategies that permit long-lived display of well-defined, functionally active molecules are highly attractive for eliciting desired cellular responses and for understanding biological processes. Current methodologies for the exogenous introduction of synthetic biomolecules often result in short-lived presentations, or require genetic manipulation to facilitate membrane attachment. Herein, we report a cell-surface engineering strategy that is based on the use of a CMP-Neu5Ac derivative that is modified at C-5 by a bifunctional entity composed of a complex synthetic heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharide and biotin. It is shown that recombinant ST6GAL1 can readily transfer the modified sialic acid to N-glycans of glycoprotein acceptors of living cells resulting in long-lived display. The HS oligosaccharide is functionally active, can restore protein binding, and allows activation of cell signaling events of HS-deficient cells. The cell-surface engineering methodology can easily be adapted to any cell type and is highly amenable to a wide range of complex biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle J. Capicciotti
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Chengli Zong
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - M. Osman Sheikh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Epigenetic Bases of Aberrant Glycosylation in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050998. [PMID: 28481247 PMCID: PMC5454911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the sugar portions of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans constitute the glycome, and the genes involved in their biosynthesis, degradation, transport and recognition are referred to as “glycogenes“. The extreme complexity of the glycome requires the regulatory layer to be provided by the epigenetic mechanisms. Almost all types of cancers present glycosylation aberrations, giving rise to phenotypic changes and to the expression of tumor markers. In this review, we discuss how cancer-associated alterations of promoter methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, and miRNAs determine glycomic changes associated with the malignant phenotype. Usually, increased promoter methylation and miRNA expression induce glycogene silencing. However, treatment with demethylating agents sometimes results in silencing, rather than in a reactivation of glycogenes, suggesting the involvement of distant methylation-dependent regulatory elements. From a therapeutic perspective aimed at the normalization of the malignant glycome, it appears that miRNA targeting of cancer-deranged glycogenes can be a more specific and promising approach than the use of drugs, which broad target methylation/acetylation. A very specific type of glycosylation, the addition of GlcNAc to serine or threonine (O-GlcNAc), is not only regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, but is an epigenetic modifier of histones and transcription factors. Thus, glycosylation is both under the control of epigenetic mechanisms and is an integral part of the epigenetic code.
Collapse
|
26
|
Aguilar AL, Briard JG, Yang L, Macauley MS, Wu P. Tools for Studying Glycans: Recent Advances in Chemoenzymatic Glycan Labeling. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:611-621. [PMID: 28301937 PMCID: PMC5469623 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study of cellular glycosylation presents many challenges due, in large part, to the nontemplated nature of glycan biosynthesis and glycans' structural complexity. Chemoenzymatic glycan labeling (CeGL) has emerged as a new technique to address the limitations of existing methods for glycan detection. CeGL combines glycosyltransferases and unnatural nucleotide sugar donors equipped with a bioorthogonal chemical tag to directly label specific glycan acceptor substrates in situ within biological samples. This article reviews the current CeGL strategies that are available to characterize cell-surface and intracellular glycans. Applications include imaging glycan expression status in live cells and tissue samples, proteomic analysis of glycoproteins, and target validation. Combined with genetic and biochemical tools, CeGL provides new opportunities to elucidate the functional roles of glycans in human health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aime Lopez Aguilar
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Jennie Grace Briard
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Linette Yang
- Vassar College, 124 Raymond Ave, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604
| | - Matthew Scott Macauley
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Catera M, Borelli V, Malagolini N, Chiricolo M, Venturi G, Reis CA, Osorio H, Abruzzo PM, Capri M, Monti D, Ostan R, Franceschi C, Dall'Olio F. Identification of novel plasma glycosylation-associated markers of aging. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7455-68. [PMID: 26840264 PMCID: PMC4884931 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro- or anti-inflammatory activities of immunoglobulins G (IgGs) are controlled by the structure of the glycan N-linked to Asn297 of their heavy chain. The age-associated low grade inflammation (inflammaging) is associated with increased plasmatic levels of agalactosylated IgGs terminating with N-acetylglucosamine (IgG-G0) whose biogenesis has not been fully explained. Although the biosynthesis of glycans is in general mediated by glycosyltransferases associated with internal cell membranes, the extracellular glycosylation of circulating glycoproteins mediated by plasmatic glycosyltransferases has been recently demonstrated. In this study we have investigated the relationship between plasmatic glycosyltransferases, IgG glycosylation and inflammatory and aging markers. In cohorts of individuals ranging from infancy to centenarians we determined the activity of plasmatic β4 galactosyltransferase(s) (B4GALTs) and of α2,6-sialyltransferase ST6GAL1, the glycosylation of IgG, the GlycoAge test (a glycosylation-based marker of aging) and the plasma level of inflammatory and liver damage markers. Our results show that: 1) plasmatic B4GALTs activity is a new marker of aging, showing a linear increase throughout the whole age range. 2) plasmatic ST6GAL1 was high only in children and in people above 80, showing a quadratic relationship with age. 3) Neither plasmatic glycosyltransferase correlated with markers of liver damage. 4) plasmatic ST6GAL1 showed a positive association with acute phase proteins in offspring of short lived parents, but not in centenarians or in their offspring. 5) Although the glycosylation of IgGs was not correlated with the level of the two plasmatic glycosyltransferases, it showed progressive age-associated changes consistent with a shift toward a pro-inflammatory glycotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Catera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES) University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Borelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES) University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES) University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariella Chiricolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES) University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Venturi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES) University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), University of Porto, and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of The University of Porto IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of The University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Osorio
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), University of Porto, and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of The University of Porto IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of The University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Provvidenza M Abruzzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES) University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Miriam Capri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES) University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Ostan
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES) University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES) University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Dall'Olio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES) University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Brehm MA. Von Willebrand factor processing. Hamostaseologie 2016; 37:59-72. [PMID: 28139814 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-16-06-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein essential for primary haemostasis that is produced only in endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. Key to VWF's function in recruitment of platelets to the site of vascular injury is its multimeric structure. The individual steps of VWF multimer biosynthesis rely on distinct posttranslational modifications at specific pH conditions, which are realized by spatial separation of the involved processes to different cell organelles. Production of multimers starts with translocation and modification of the VWF prepropolypeptide in the endoplasmic reticulum to produce dimers primed for glycosylation. In the Golgi apparatus they are further processed to multimers that carry more than 300 complex glycan structures functionalized by sialylation, sulfation and blood group determinants. Of special importance is the sequential formation of disulfide bonds with different functions in structural support of VWF multimers, which are packaged, stored and further processed after secretion. Here, all these processes are being reviewed in detail including background information on the occurring biochemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Brehm
- PD Dr. Maria A. Brehm, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 22399 Hamburg, Germany, Tel.: +49 40 7410 58523, Fax: +49 40 7410 54601, E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yu X, Zhao Y, Wang L, Chen X, Su Z, Zhang H, Yuan Q, Wang S. Sialylated β1, 6 branched N-glycans modulate the adhesion, invasion and metastasis of hepatocarcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1654-1661. [PMID: 27847205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse hepatocarcinoma cell lines Hca-F and Hca-P have been derived from hepatocarcinoma in mice and metastasize only to the lymph node. Hca-F cells displayed greater lymphatic metastasis ability than Hca-P cells. When the two cell lines were compared for cell surface sialylated β1,6 branched N-glycans by flow cytometry using L-PHA and SNA, Hca-F cells were found to express significantly higher levels. To explore the effect of increased sialylated β1,6 branched N-glycans on hepatocarcinoma progression, we inhibit their expression in Hca-F cells by using swainsonine treatment and RNA interference. We found that swainsonine treatment or GnT-V-shRNA transfection significantly inhibited the formation of β1,6 branched N-glycans, and partially inhibited the expression of α2,6 sialic acids. Knockdown of sialylated β1,6 branched N-glycans significantly attenuated the invasive and metastatic capability both in vitro and in vivo. Blockade of α2,6 sialic acid expression on Hca-F cell surface by the treatment with neuraminidase caused reduction in cellular adherence to lymph node. In addition, knockdown of sialylated β1,6 branched N-glycans could decrease the expression of Notch1, NICD1, NICD2 and HES1 in Hca-F cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that increased sialylated β1,6 branched N-glycans may contribute to hepatocarcinoma progression by altering the adhesive, invasive and metastatic ability to lymph node via Notch signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qingmin Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee-Sundlov MM, Ashline DJ, Hanneman AJ, Grozovsky R, Reinhold VN, Hoffmeister KM, Lau JT. Circulating blood and platelets supply glycosyltransferases that enable extrinsic extracellular glycosylation. Glycobiology 2016; 27:188-198. [PMID: 27798070 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases, usually residing within the intracellular secretory apparatus, also circulate in the blood. Many of these blood-borne glycosyltransferases are associated with pathological states, including malignancies and inflammatory conditions. Despite the potential for dynamic modifications of glycans on distal cell surfaces and in the extracellular milieu, the glycan-modifying activities present in systemic circulation have not been systematically examined. Here, we describe an evaluation of blood-borne sialyl-, galactosyl- and fucosyltransferase activities that act upon the four common terminal glycan precursor motifs, GlcNAc monomer, Gal(β3)GlcNAc, Gal(β4)GlcNAc and Gal(β3)GalNAc, to produce more complex glycan structures. Data from radioisotope assays and detailed product analysis by sequential tandem mass spectrometry show that blood has the capacity to generate many of the well-recognized and important glycan motifs, including the Lewis, sialyl-Lewis, H- and Sialyl-T antigens. While many of these glycosyltransferases are freely circulating in the plasma, human and mouse platelets are important carriers for others, including ST3Gal-1 and β4GalT. Platelets compartmentalize glycosyltransferases and release them upon activation. Human platelets are also carriers for large amounts of ST6Gal-1 and the α3-sialyl to Gal(β4)GlcNAc sialyltransferases, both of which are conspicuously absent in mouse platelets. This study highlights the capability of circulatory glycosyltransferases, which are dynamically controlled by platelet activation, to remodel cell surface glycans and alter cell behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Lee-Sundlov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - David J Ashline
- The Glycomics Center, Division of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Andrew J Hanneman
- The Glycomics Center, Division of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Renata Grozovsky
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vernon N Reinhold
- The Glycomics Center, Division of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Karin M Hoffmeister
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joseph Ty Lau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Esmaeilnejad B, Froushani SMA. Evaluation of serum sialic acid level in buffaloes naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:1381-6. [PMID: 27312595 PMCID: PMC5040735 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tropical theileriosis, caused by Theileria annulata, is the most economically important disease of domestic buffaloes and causing major losses in livestock production in Iran. Sialic acids are often involved in interaction between the cells and the infectious agents by regulating the molecular relations as well as mediating a variety of cell-cell adhesion processes in the immune response. This study was conducted to assess the effect of T. annulata infection on sialic acid concentration in blood sera in naturally infected buffaloes. T. annulata-infected (n = 22) and uninfected control (n = 20) adult buffaloes were selected. Theileria infection was revealed by Giemsa-stained peripheral blood and was confirmed by nested-PCR using T. annulata-specific primers. Based on the detected parasitemia, the infected animals were subgrouped into low <1 %, moderate 1-3 %, high 3-5 %, and very high >5 %. Hematological parameters and the concentrations of total sialic acid (TSA), lipid-bound sialic acid (LBSA), and protein-bound sialic acid (PBSA) were measured and correlated to parasitemia. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in red blood cells (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), and sialic acid concentrations between infected and control groups. As the parasitemia increased accordingly, a significant decrease in RBCs, PCV, Hb and increase in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and serum sialic acids was observed. We concluded that T. annulata infection could elevate the serum sialic acid concentrations. The increased levels of serum sialic acid concentrations during parasitemia presumably stimulate the host immune response and influence the parasite-host cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Esmaeilnejad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kroes RA, Moskal JR. The role of DNA methylation in ST6Gal1 expression in gliomas. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1271-1283. [PMID: 27510958 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of transcriptional silencing of ST6Gal1 in gliomas has not yet been elucidated. Multiple independent promoters govern the expression of the ST6Gal I gene. Here, we investigated whether epigenetic abnormalities involving DNA methylation affect ST6Gal1 expression. Transcript-specific qRT-PCR following exposure of glioma cell lines to 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, resulted in the re-expression of the normally quiescent ST6Gal1 mRNA driven exclusively by the P3 promoter sequence. The P3 promoter-specific transcription start site (TSS) was delineated by primer extension and core promoter sequences and associated functional transcription elements identified by deletion analysis utilizing chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter constructs. Minimal promoter activity was found to reside within the first 100 bp of the TSS and maximal activity was controlled by functional AP2 binding sites residing between 400 and 500 bp upstream of the initiation site. As altered AP2 binding was not directly associated with AP2 availability, these analyses demonstrate that ST6Gal1 transcription is regulated by DNA methylation within core promoter regions, ultimately by determining critical transcription factor accessibility within these regions. Transcriptional reactivation of ST6Gal1 expression by 5-aza-dC resulted in increased cell surface α2,6 sialoglycoconjugate expression, increased α2,6 sialylation of β1 integrin, and decreased adhesion to fibronectin substrate: functional correlates of decreased invasivity. The effects of global hypomethylation are not glycome-wide. Focused glycotranscriptomic analyses of three invasive glioma cell lines following 5-aza-dC treatment demonstrated the modulation of select glycogene transcripts. Taken together, these results demonstrate that epigenetic modulation of ST6Gal1 expression plays a key role in the glioma phenotype in vitro and that that therapeutic approaches targeting elements of the epigenetic machinery for the treatment of human glioblastoma are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Kroes
- Falk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Joseph R Moskal
- Falk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Qiu H, Duan WM, Shu J, Cheng HX, Wang WP, Huang XE, Chen HL. B3GNT2, a polylactosamine synthase, regulates glycosylation of EGFR in H7721 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10875-8. [PMID: 25605193 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.24.10875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important surface receptor with N-glycans in its extracellular domain, whose glycosylation is essential for its function, especially in tumor cells. Here, we demonstrated that polylactosamine is markedly increased in H7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells after treatment with EGF, while it apparently declined after exposure to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). In the study of the enzymatic mechanism of this phenomenon, we explored changes in the expression of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (PLN) branching glycosyltransferases using RT-PCR. Among the four glycosyltransferases with altered expression, GnT-V was most elevated by EGF, while GnT-V and B3GNT2 were most declined by ATRA. Next, we conducted co-immunoprecipitation experiments to test whether B3GNT2 and EGFR associate with each other. We observed that EGFR is a B3GNT2-targeting protein in H7721 cells. Taken together, these findings indicated that the altered expression of B3GNT2 will remodel the PLN stucture of EGFR in H7721 cells, which may modify downstream signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China E-mail : ;
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu HO, Wu Q, Liu WS, Liu YD, Fu Q, Zhang WJ, Xu L, Xu JJ. ST6Gal-I predicts postoperative clinical outcome for patients with localized clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10217-23. [PMID: 25556450 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.23.10217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivated α2-6-sialylation on N-glycans due to overexpression of the Golgi enzyme β-galactoside: α2-6- sialyltransferase (ST6Gal-I) often correlates with cancer progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis. This study was aimed to determine the association between ST6Gal-I expression and the risk of recurrence and survival of patients with localized clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) following surgery. We retrospectively enrolled 391 patients (265 in training cohort and 126 in validation cohort) with localized ccRCC underwent nephrectomy at a single center. Tissue microarrays were constructed for immunostaining of ST6Gal-I. Prognostic value and clinical outcomes were evaluated. High ST6Gal-I expression was associated with Fuhrman grade (p<0.001 and p=0.016, respectively) and the University of California Los-Angeles Integrated Staging System (UISS) score (p=0.004 and p=0.017, respectively) in both cohorts. Patients with high ST6Gal-I expression had significantly worse overall survival (OS) (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and recurrence free survival (RFS) (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively) than those with low expression in both cohorts. On multivariate analysis, ST6Gal-I expression remained associated with OS and RFS even after adjusting for the UISS score. Stratified analysis suggested that the association is more pronounced among patients with low and intermediate-risk disease defined by the UISS score. High ST6Gal-I expression is a potential independent adverse predictor of survival and recurrence in ccRCC patients, and the prognostic value is most prominent in those with low and intermediate-risk disease defined by the UISS score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, MOH, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ip CKM, Yung S, Chan TM, Tsao SW, Wong AST. p70 S6 kinase drives ovarian cancer metastasis through multicellular spheroid-peritoneum interaction and P-cadherin/b1 integrin signaling activation. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9133-49. [PMID: 25193855 PMCID: PMC4253424 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination as a manifestation of ovarian cancer is an adverse prognostic factor associated with poor clinical outcome, and is thus a potentially promising target for improved treatment. Sphere forming cells (multicellular spheroids) present in malignant ascites of patients with ovarian cancer represent a major impediment to effective treatment. p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), which is a downstream effector of mammalian target of rapamycin, is frequently hyperactivated in human ovarian cancer. Here, we identified p70S6K as an important regulator for the seeding and successful colonization of ovarian cancer spheroids on the peritoneum. Furthermore, we provided evidence for the existence of a novel crosstalk between P-cadherin and β1 integrin, which was crucial for the high degree of specificity in cell adhesion. In particular, we demonstrated that the upregulation of mature β1 integrin occurred as a consequence of P-cadherin expression through the induction of the Golgi glycosyltransferase, ST6Gal-I, which mediated β1 integrin hypersialylation. Loss of p70S6K or targeting the P-cadherin/β1-integrin interplay could significantly attenuate the metastatic spread onto the peritoneum in vivo. These findings establish a new role for p70S6K in tumor spheroid-mesothelium communication in ovarian cancer and provide a preclinical rationale for targeting p70S6K as a new avenue for microenvironment-based therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carman Ka Man Ip
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
| | - Tak-Mao Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
| | - Sai-Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
| | - Alice Sze Tsai Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang D, Nie H, Ozhegov E, Wang L, Zhou A, Li Y, Sun XL. Globally profiling sialylation status of macrophages upon statin treatment. Glycobiology 2015; 25:1007-15. [PMID: 26033937 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (SAs) are widely expressed on immune cells and their levels and linkages named as sialylation status vary upon cellular environment changes related to both physiological and pathological processes. In this study, we performed a global profiling of the sialylation status of macrophages and their release of SAs in the cell culture medium by using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Both flow cytometry and confocal microscopy results showed that cell surface α-2,3-linked SAs were predominant in the normal culture condition and changed slightly upon treatment with atorvastatin for 24 h, whereas α-2,6-linked SAs were negligible in the normal culture condition but significantly increased after treatment. Meanwhile, the amount of total cellular SAs increased about three times (from 369 ± 29 to 1080 ± 50 ng/mL) upon treatment as determined by the LC-MS/MS method. On the other hand, there was no significant change for secreted free SAs and conjugated SAs in the medium. These results indicated that the cell surface α-2,6 sialylation status of macrophages changes distinctly upon atorvastatin stimulation, which may reflect on the biological functions of the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Huan Nie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, People's Republic of China
| | - Evgeny Ozhegov
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences (BGES), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Aimin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Yu Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Meng Q, Ren C, Wang L, Zhao Y, Wang S. Knockdown of ST6Gal-I inhibits the growth and invasion of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 72:172-8. [PMID: 26054692 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of alpha-2,6-sialyltranferase 1 (ST6Gal-I) has been observed in several malignant tumors, including colon, ovarian and liver cancers, where its expression correlates with the invasion and metastasis of these tumors. However, the roles and molecular mechanisms by which ST6Gal-I mediates the growth and invasion of osteosarcoma cells still remain poorly unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of ST6Gal-I in osteosarcoma MG-63 and Saos-2 cells which have different metastatic potential, and found that ST6Gal-I was highly expressed in MG-63 cells compared to Saos-2 cells. Downregulation of ST6Gal-I by shRNA in MG-63 cells significantly inhibited their malignant behaviors, including in cell proliferation and soft agar colony formation, as well as migration and invasion properties. In addition, we found that ST6Gal-I knockdown inhibited the expression levels of N-cadherin, vimentin, a-SMA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF. Together, our results suggest a role for ST6Gal-I to promote the growth and invasion of osteosarcoma cells through modulation of EMT-related molecules, and might be a promising marker for the prognosis and therapy of osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Meng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Changle Ren
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Non-directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dall'Olio F, Malagolini N, Trinchera M, Chiricolo M. Sialosignaling: Sialyltransferases as engines of self-fueling loops in cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2752-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
39
|
Christiansen MN, Chik J, Lee L, Anugraham M, Abrahams JL, Packer NH. Cell surface protein glycosylation in cancer. Proteomics 2014; 14:525-46. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja N. Christiansen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Faculty of Science; Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Jenny Chik
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Faculty of Science; Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Ling Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Faculty of Science; Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Merrina Anugraham
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Faculty of Science; Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Jodie L. Abrahams
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Faculty of Science; Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Nicolle H. Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Faculty of Science; Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Malagolini N, Catera M, Osorio H, Reis CA, Chiricolo M, Dall'Olio F. Apoptotic cells selectively uptake minor glycoforms of vitronectin from serum. Apoptosis 2014; 18:373-84. [PMID: 23381642 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis profoundly alters the carbohydrate layer coating the membrane of eukaryotic cells. Previously we showed that apoptotic cells became reactive with the α2,6-sialyl-specific lectin from Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), regardless of their histological origin and the nature of the apoptotic stimulus. Here we reveal the basis of the phenomenon by showing that in apoptotic cancer cell lines SNA reactivity was mainly associated with a 67 kDa glycoprotein which we identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF and immunoblot analysis as bovine vitronectin (bVN). bVN was neither present in non-apoptotic cells, nor in cells induced to apoptosis in serum-free medium, indicating that its uptake from the cell culture serum occurred only during apoptosis. The bVN molecules associated with apoptotic cancer cell lines represented minor isoforms, lacking the carboxyterminal sequence and paradoxically containing a few α2,6-linked sialic acid residues. Despite their poor α2,6-sialylation, these bVN molecules were sufficient to turn apoptotic cells to SNA reactivity, which is a late apoptotic event occurring in cells positive to both annexin-V and propidium iodide. Unlike in cancer cell lines, the major bVN form taken up by apoptotic neutrophils and mononuclear cells was a 80 kDa form. In apoptotic SW948 cells we also detected the α2,6-sialylated forms of the stress-70 mitochondrial precursor (mortalin) and of tubulin-β2C. These data indicate that the acquisition of vitronectin isoforms from the environment is a general, although cell specific phenomenon, potentially playing an important role in post-apoptotic events and that the α2,6-sialylation of intracellular proteins is a new kind of posttranslational modification associated with apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mbua NE, Li X, Flanagan-Steet HR, Meng L, Aoki K, Moremen KW, Wolfert MA, Steet R, Boons GJ. Selective exo-enzymatic labeling of N-glycans on the surface of living cells by recombinant ST6Gal I. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13012-5. [PMID: 24129959 PMCID: PMC3869382 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A game of tag: N-Glycans on the surface of living cells were selectively tagged by exogenously administering recombinant ST6Gal I sialyltransferase and azide-modified CMP-Neu5Ac. This modification was followed by a strain-promoted cycloaddition using a biotin-modified dibenzylcyclooctynol (red star=biotin). The methodology will make it possible to dissect the mechanisms that underlie altered glycoconjugate recycling and storage in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngalle Eric Mbua
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA); Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia (USA)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Park JJ, Lee M. Increasing the α 2, 6 sialylation of glycoproteins may contribute to metastatic spread and therapeutic resistance in colorectal cancer. Gut Liver 2013; 7:629-41. [PMID: 24312702 PMCID: PMC3848550 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2013.7.6.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glycosylation due to dysregulated glycosyltransferases and glycosidases is a key phenomenon of many malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In particular, increased ST6 Gal I (β-galactoside α 2, 6 sialyltransferase) and subsequently elevated levels of cell-surface α 2, 6-linked sialic acids have been associated with metastasis and therapeutic failure in CRC. As many CRC patients experience metastasis to the liver or lung and fail to respond to curative therapies, intensive research efforts have sought to identify the molecular changes underlying CRC metastasis. ST6 Gal I has been shown to facilitate CRC metastasis, and we believe that additional investigations into the involvement of ST6 Gal I in CRC could facilitate the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This review summarizes how ST6 Gal I has been implicated in the altered expression of sialylated glycoproteins, which have been linked to CRC metastasis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Jin Park
- Division of Life Science, Korea University College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Meng L, Forouhar F, Thieker D, Gao Z, Ramiah A, Moniz H, Xiang Y, Seetharaman J, Milaninia S, Su M, Bridger R, Veillon L, Azadi P, Kornhaber G, Wells L, Montelione GT, Woods RJ, Tong L, Moremen KW. Enzymatic basis for N-glycan sialylation: structure of rat α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6GAL1) reveals conserved and unique features for glycan sialylation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:34680-98. [PMID: 24155237 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.519041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan structures on glycoproteins and glycolipids play critical roles in biological recognition, targeting, and modulation of functions in animal systems. Many classes of glycan structures are capped with terminal sialic acid residues, which contribute to biological functions by either forming or masking glycan recognition sites on the cell surface or secreted glycoconjugates. Sialylated glycans are synthesized in mammals by a single conserved family of sialyltransferases that have diverse linkage and acceptor specificities. We examined the enzymatic basis for glycan sialylation in animal systems by determining the crystal structures of rat ST6GAL1, an enzyme that creates terminal α2,6-sialic acid linkages on complex-type N-glycans, at 2.4 Å resolution. Crystals were obtained from enzyme preparations generated in mammalian cells. The resulting structure revealed an overall protein fold broadly resembling the previously determined structure of pig ST3GAL1, including a CMP-sialic acid-binding site assembled from conserved sialylmotif sequence elements. Significant differences in structure and disulfide bonding patterns were found outside the sialylmotif sequences, including differences in residues predicted to interact with the glycan acceptor. Computational substrate docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to predict and evaluate the CMP-sialic acid donor and glycan acceptor interactions, and the results were compared with kinetic analysis of active site mutants. Comparisons of the structure with pig ST3GAL1 and a bacterial sialyltransferase revealed a similar positioning of donor, acceptor, and catalytic residues that provide a common structural framework for catalysis by the mammalian and bacterial sialyltransferases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Meng
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mbua NE, Li X, Flanagan-Steet HR, Meng L, Aoki K, Moremen KW, Wolfert MA, Steet R, Boons GJ. Selective Exo-Enzymatic Labeling of N-Glycans on the Surface of Living Cells by Recombinant ST6Gal I. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
45
|
Nishijima Y, Toyoda M, Yamazaki-Inoue M, Sugiyama T, Miyazawa M, Muramatsu T, Nakamura K, Narimatsu H, Umezawa A, Mikami M. Glycan profiling of endometrial cancers using lectin microarray. Genes Cells 2012; 17:826-36. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; 35-2 Sakaecho; Itabashi-ku; Tokyo; 173-0015; Japan
| | - Mayu Yamazaki-Inoue
- Department of Reproductive Biology; National Research Institute for Child Health and Development; 2-10-1 Okura; Setagaya-ku; Tokyo; 157-8535; Japan
| | - Taro Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Specialized Clinical Science; Tokai University School of Medicine; 143 Shimokasuya; Isehara-shi; Kanagawa; 259-1193; Japan
| | - Masaki Miyazawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Specialized Clinical Science; Tokai University School of Medicine; 143 Shimokasuya; Isehara-shi; Kanagawa; 259-1193; Japan
| | - Toshinari Muramatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Specialized Clinical Science; Tokai University School of Medicine; 143 Shimokasuya; Isehara-shi; Kanagawa; 259-1193; Japan
| | - Kyoko Nakamura
- Department of Reproductive Biology; National Research Institute for Child Health and Development; 2-10-1 Okura; Setagaya-ku; Tokyo; 157-8535; Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Central-2; 1-1-1, Umezono; Tsukuba; Ibaraki; 305-8568; Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology; National Research Institute for Child Health and Development; 2-10-1 Okura; Setagaya-ku; Tokyo; 157-8535; Japan
| | - Mikio Mikami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Specialized Clinical Science; Tokai University School of Medicine; 143 Shimokasuya; Isehara-shi; Kanagawa; 259-1193; Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lee M, Park JJ, Ko YG, Lee YS. Cleavage of ST6Gal I by radiation-induced BACE1 inhibits golgi-anchored ST6Gal I-mediated sialylation of integrin β1 and migration in colon cancer cells. Radiat Oncol 2012; 7:47. [PMID: 22449099 PMCID: PMC3351029 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-7-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously, we found that β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal I), an enzyme that adds sialic acids to N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins and is frequently overexpressed in cancer cells, is up-regulated by ionizing radiation (IR) and cleaved to a form possessing catalytic activity comparable to that of the Golgi-localized enzyme. Moreover, this soluble form is secreted into the culture media. Induction of ST6Gal I significantly increased the migration of colon cancer cells via sialylation of integrin β1. Here, we further investigated the mechanisms underlying ST6Gal I cleavage, solubilization and release from cells, and addressed its functions, focusing primarily on cancer cell migration. Methods We performed immunoblotting and lectin affinity assay to analyze the expression of ST6 Gal I and level of sialylated integrin β1. After ionizing radiation, migration of cells was measured by in vitro migration assay. α2, 6 sialylation level of cell surface was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell culture media were concentrated and then analyzed for soluble ST6Gal I levels using an α2, 6 sialyltransferase sandwich ELISA. Result We found that ST6Gal I was cleaved by BACE1 (β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme), which was specifically overexpressed in response to IR. The soluble form of ST6Gal I, which also has sialyltransferase enzymatic activity, was cleaved from the Golgi membrane and then released into the culture media. Both non-cleaved and cleaved forms of ST6Gal I significantly increased colon cancer cell migration in a sialylation-dependent manner. The pro-migratory effect of the non-cleaved form of ST6Gal I was dependent on integrin β1 sialylation, whereas that of the cleaved form of ST6Gal I was not, suggesting that other intracellular sialylated molecules apart from cell surface molecules such as integrin β1 might be involved in mediating the pro-migratory effects of the soluble form of ST6Gal I. Moreover, production of soluble form ST6Gal I by BACE 1 inhibited integrin β1 sialylation and migration by Golgi-anchored form of ST6Gal I. Conclusions Our results suggest that soluble ST6Gal I, possibly in cooperation with the Golgi-bound form, may participate in cancer progression and metastasis prior to being secreted from cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Lee
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, South Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zamfir AD, Serb A, Vukeli Ž, Flangea C, Schiopu C, Fabris D, Kalanj-Bognar S, Capitan F, Sisu E. Assessment of the molecular expression and structure of gangliosides in brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by an advanced approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:2145-2159. [PMID: 22002228 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides (GGs), sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, are known to be involved in the invasive/metastatic behavior of brain tumor cells. Development of modern methods for determination of the variations in GG expression and structure during neoplastic cell transformation is a priority in the field of biomedical analysis. In this context, we report here on the first optimization and application of chip-based nanoelectrospray (NanoMate robot) mass spectrometry (MS) for the investigation of gangliosides in a secondary brain tumor. In our work a native GG mixture extracted and purified from brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma was screened by NanoMate robot coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight MS. A native GG mixture from an age-matched healthy brain tissue, sampled and analyzed under identical conditions, served as a control. Comparative MS analysis demonstrated an evident dissimilarity in GG expression in the two tissue types. Brain metastasis is characterized by many species having a reduced N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) content, however, modified by fucosylation or O-acetylation such as Fuc-GM4, Fuc-GM3, di-O-Ac-GM1, O-Ac-GM3. In contrast, healthy brain tissue is dominated by longer structures exhibiting from mono- to hexasialylated sugar chains. Also, significant differences in ceramide composition were discovered. By tandem MS using collision-induced dissociation at low energies, brain metastasis-associated GD3 (d18:1/18:0) species as well as an uncommon Fuc-GM1 (d18:1/18:0) detected in the normal brain tissue could be structurally characterized. The novel protocol was able to provide a reliable compositional and structural characterization with high analysis pace and at a sensitivity situated in the fmol range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina D Zamfir
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Revolutiei Blvd. 77, RO-310130, Arad, Romania.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liu Z, Swindall AF, Kesterson RA, Schoeb TR, Bullard DC, Bellis SL. ST6Gal-I regulates macrophage apoptosis via α2-6 sialylation of the TNFR1 death receptor. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:39654-62. [PMID: 21930713 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.276063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in innate immunity, however mechanisms regulating macrophage survival are not fully understood. Herein we describe a novel apoptotic pathway involving α2-6 sialylation of the TNFR1 death receptor by the ST6Gal-I sialyltransferase. Variant glycosylation of TNFR1 has not previously been implicated in TNFR1 function, and little is known regarding the TNFR1 glycan composition. To study sialylation in macrophages, we treated U937 monocytic cells with PMA, which stimulates both macrophage differentiation and apoptosis. Interestingly, macrophage differentiation induces ST6Gal-I down-regulation, leading to reduced α2-6 sialylation of selected receptors. To prevent loss of α2-6 sialylation, we forced constitutive expression of ST6Gal-I, and found that this strongly inhibited PMA-induced apoptosis. Given that PMA-mediated apoptosis is thought to result from up-regulation of TNFα, which then activates TNFR1, we next evaluated the α2-6 sialylation of TNFR1. U937 cells with forced ST6Gal-I displayed TNFR1 with elevated α2-6 sialylation, and this was associated with diminished TNFα-stimulated apoptosis. Correspondingly, removal of α2-6 sialylation from TNFR1 through either neuraminidase treatment or expression of ST6Gal-I shRNA markedly enhanced TNFα-mediated apoptosis. To confirm the physiologic importance of TNFR1 sialylation, we generated overexpressing ST6Gal-I transgenic mice. Peritoneal macrophages from transgenic lines displayed TNFR1 with elevated α2-6 sialylation, and these cells were significantly protected against TNFα-stimulated apoptosis. Moreover, greater numbers of thioglycollate-induced peritoneal cells were observed in transgenic mice. These collective results highlight a new mechanism of TNFR1 regulation, and further intimate that loss of α2-6 sialylation during macrophage differentiation may limit macrophage lifespan by sensitizing cells to TNFα-stimulated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Villar-Portela S, Muinelo-Romay L, Cuevas E, Gil-Martín E, Fernández-Briera A. Disease-free survival of colorectal cancer patients in relation to CDw75 antigen expression. Pathobiology 2011; 78:201-9. [PMID: 21778787 DOI: 10.1159/000326768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CDw75 is an α(2,6)-sialylated antigen associated with a poor prognosis in gastric cancer. In the present study, we examined if CDw75 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) predicts tumour recurrence. Besides, we evaluated CDw75 expression in different colorectal tissue specimens to clarify their role in tumour development and progression. METHODS We analyzed CDw75 expression in 34 specimens of healthy disease-free colorectal mucosa, 19 specimens of inflammatory colorectal mucosa, 73 colorectal adenomas, 35 specimens of healthy tissue and 101 specimens of tumoural tissue from CRC patients. RESULTS None of the healthy disease-free and inflammatory colorectal mucosa specimens showed the presence of the epitope. CDw75 was expressed in 26% of the colorectal adenomas. In healthy and tumoural tissue from CRC patients, CDw75 was detected in 22.9% and 82.2% of the specimens, respectively. CDw75 expression in tumoural tissue was correlated with growth pattern (p = 0.044), Dukes stage (p = 0.002), TNM stage (p = 0.020) and distant metastasis (p = 0.005). Survival analysis showed that CDw75 expression is not associated with tumour recurrence. CONCLUSION CDw75 expression in CRC is not a prognostic factor for predicting disease-free survival. Nevertheless, CDw75 expression may be a good marker of tumour progression and of the malignant potential of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Villar-Portela
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Swindall AF, Bellis SL. Sialylation of the Fas death receptor by ST6Gal-I provides protection against Fas-mediated apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22982-90. [PMID: 21550977 PMCID: PMC3123066 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.211375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycosyltransferase, ST6Gal-I, adds sialic acid in an α2-6 linkage to the N-glycans of membrane and secreted glycoproteins. Up-regulation of ST6Gal-I occurs in many cancers, including colon carcinoma, and correlates with metastasis and poor prognosis. However, mechanisms by which ST6Gal-I facilitates tumor progression remain poorly understood due to limited knowledge of enzyme substrates. Herein we identify the death receptor, Fas (CD95), as an ST6Gal-I substrate, and show that α2-6 sialylation of Fas confers protection against Fas-mediated apoptosis. Intriguingly, differences in ST6Gal-I activity do not affect the function of DR4 or DR5 death receptors upon treatment with TRAIL, implicating a selective effect of ST6Gal-I on the Fas receptor. Using ST6Gal-I knockdown and forced overexpression colon carcinoma cell models, we find that α2-6 sialylation of Fas prevents apoptosis stimulated by FasL as well as the Fas-activating antibody, CH11, as evidenced by decreased activation of caspases 8 and 3. We also show that α2-6 sialylation of Fas does not alter the binding of CH11, but rather inhibits the capacity of Fas to induce apoptosis by blocking the association of FADD with Fas cytoplasmic tails, an event that initiates death-inducing signaling complex formation. Furthermore, α2-6 sialylation of Fas inhibits Fas internalization, which is required for apoptotic signaling. Although dysregulated Fas activity is a well known mechanism through which tumors evade apoptosis, the current study is the first to link Fas insensitivity to the actions of a specific sialyltransferase. This finding establishes a new paradigm by which death receptor function is impaired for the self-protection of tumors against apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F. Swindall
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Susan L. Bellis
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| |
Collapse
|