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Adwan H, Georges R, Pervaiz A, Berger MR. Investigation of Metastasis-Related Genes: A Rat Model Mimicking Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2017; 7:152. [PMID: 28770169 PMCID: PMC5513954 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver is the main target of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. Currently, the number of reports is small, which describe changes in gene expression supporting liver metastasis. Here, a rat model was used for analyzing mRNA modulations during liver colonization and compared with available literature. In the model, CC531 rat CRC cells were injected via a mesenteric vein into isogenic WAG/Rij rats and re-isolated at early, intermediate, advanced, and terminal stages of liver colonization. These cells were used for RNA isolation. Microarrays were used for analyzing mRNA profiles of expression. The number of deregulated genes is comparatively large and only part of it has been studied so far. As reported to date, claudins and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) were found to be deregulated. The fact that the chosen method is efficient is confirmed by the study of claudins and IGFBPs, which show altered expression in the initial stages of liver colonization and then return to normalcy. In addition, cadherin was described to be downregulated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition models. It can, therefore, be concluded that the models used are helpful in finding genes, which are instrumental for metastatic liver colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Adwan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Georges
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asim Pervaiz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Martin R Berger
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Wan J, Wu W, Zhang R. Local recurrence of small cell lung cancer following radiofrequency ablation is induced by HIF-1α expression in the transition zone. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1297-308. [PMID: 26750332 PMCID: PMC4750745 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Local recurrence of lung cancer following radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment is common. The aims of the present study were to assess how RFA treatment affects the growth of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) micrometastases in the transition zone (TZ) surrounding the ablated region and in the reference zones (RZs) of the ablated or unablated lobes and to identify the molecular mechanism(s) of lung cancer recurrence following RFA treatment. After lung micrometastases of human SCLCs had formed, RFA treatment was applied to the right upper lobe (RUL) of the lung in nude mice. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression, proliferation and angiogenesis potential both in the TZ and RZ were evaluated over time. Separately, at day 1, 7 and 14 following RFA treatment, the growth of micrometastases showed an ~2-fold increase in the TZ compared to the RZ of the unablated lobe, as the right lower lobe (RLL) and the growth of micrometastases in the RZ of the RUL was also induced by RFA. In addition, accelerated tumor growth in the TZ was induced by HIF-1α, but was not associated with tissue angiogenesis potential. We concluded that local recurrences of SCLCs caused by overproliferation of micrometastases following RFA treatment were driven by HIF-1α, although angiogenesis was not the driving force in the TZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Renquan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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KOLEV MIKHAIL, ZUBIK-KOWAL BARBARA. NUMERICAL VERSUS EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR PROSTATE TUMOUR GROWTH. J BIOL SYST 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218339011003774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to solve mathematical model equations on solid tumour growth and compute their parameter values by applying growth rates of prostate cancer cell lines in vivo. For these computations, we investigate previously developed C3(1)/Tag transgenic models of prostate cancer. To make the computations fast, we have constructed an algorithm, which is based on small amounts of spatial grid-points and obtained a correspondence between the in vivo growth of tumours and the solutions of the model equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- MIKHAIL KOLEV
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Żolnierska 14, Olsztyn, 10-561, Poland
| | - BARBARA ZUBIK-KOWAL
- Department of Mathematics, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA
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Experimental models for the development of new medical treatments in prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47 Suppl 3:S200-14. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Numerical solutions for a model of tissue invasion and migration of tumour cells. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2010; 2011:452320. [PMID: 21331265 PMCID: PMC3017898 DOI: 10.1155/2011/452320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to construct a new algorithm for the numerical simulations of the evolution of tumour invasion and metastasis. By means of mathematical model equations and their numerical solutions we investigate how cancer cells can produce and secrete matrix degradative enzymes, degrade extracellular matrix, and invade due to diffusion and haptotactic migration. For the numerical simulations of the interactions between the tumour cells and the surrounding tissue, we apply numerical approximations, which are spectrally accurate and based on small amounts of grid-points. Our numerical experiments illustrate the metastatic ability of tumour cells.
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Power CA, Pwint H, Chan J, Cho J, Yu Y, Walsh W, Russell PJ. A novel model of bone-metastatic prostate cancer in immunocompetent mice. Prostate 2009; 69:1613-23. [PMID: 19585491 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone metastasis is a frequent and catastrophic consequence of prostate cancer for which only palliative treatment is available. Animal models of bone metastatic prostate cancer are necessary for understanding disease mechanisms but few models exist. METHODS We have used the murine prostate carcinoma cell line RM1 to generate a bone metastatic model of prostate cancer. Repeated intracardiac injection of RM1 cells followed by isolation of cells from bone tumors has yielded a cell line with strong bone-metastatic potential, RM1 bone metastatic (BM). RESULTS This cell line metastasizes to multiple bony sites in over 95% of injected C57BL/6 mice and is far less tropic to soft tissues. Bone tumors produced by the RM1(BM) cell line show no preference for particular skeletal sites as most bones are affected. Histology, and micro-computed tomography show that RM1(BM) cells form osteolytic tumors, but with evidence of osteoblastic changes. In vitro the RM1 cells express E-cadherin but not vimentin, do not form colonies in soft agar, are non-invasive but are more motile than the parent cell line. CONCLUSIONS This model provides a novel means for identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to bone metastasis and allow for preclinical testing of therapies to prevent and treat tumor metastasis to bone. Finally as the syngeneic tumor cells are injected into immunocompetent mice, this model will provide a means to study interactions between the immune system, tumors and bone, and therapies that target such interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Power
- Oncology Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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Kaijzel EL, van der Pluijm G, Löwik CWGM. Whole-body optical imaging in animal models to assess cancer development and progression. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:3490-7. [PMID: 17575211 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Different optical-based imaging models were used to investigate tumor progression and metastasis with particular emphasis on metastasis to bone and bone marrow. We describe how optical imaging can be used to follow important processes in tumor development and treatment response, including angiogenesis, apoptosis, and proteolysis. Finally, we discuss the translation of one optical imaging modality, near-IR fluorescence, from animal validation studies to applications in the clinic related to cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Kaijzel
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases and Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Schuster J, Zhang J, Longo M. A novel human osteoblast–derived severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model of bone metastasis. J Neurosurg Spine 2006; 4:388-91. [PMID: 16703906 DOI: 10.3171/spi.2006.4.5.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
One of the major difficulties of conducting bone metastasis research is the lack of adequate models for studying the bone–tumor microenvironment. The limitations of current in vivo models include the following: non-human tumor or bone, variable reproducibility, limited supply, and an inability to be easily manipulated. The objective of the present study was to develop a uniform and reproducible model of bone/spine metastasis by utilizing bone derived from human osteoblasts grown subcutaneously in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with subsequent introduction of human carcinoma cell lines.
Methods
Human osteoblasts were serially passed in culture and induced to differentiate into mature osteoblasts. They were subsequently loaded on hydroxyapatite-coated collagen sponges and implanted subcutaneously into the SCID mice. After allowing the bone to mature for 8 weeks, tumor cell suspensions were implanted percutaneously into the bone. The bone–tumor complexes were subsequently harvested, decalcified, and prepared for histological examination.
Conclusions
The authors have developed a novel, reproducible SCID mouse model of bone/spine metastasis by using bone derived from human osteoblasts and subsequently introduced human tumor lines. They believe this model will be useful for studying the basic biology of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Schuster
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19072, USA.
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Palm D, Lang K, Brandt B, Zaenker KS, Entschladen F. In vitro and in vivo imaging of cell migration: Two interdepending methods to unravel metastasis formation. Semin Cancer Biol 2005; 15:396-404. [PMID: 16054391 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis development requires the migratory activity of tumor cells. It is therefore important to understand the molecular mechanisms of this migration in order to prevent metastasis development, which is the pernicious step in most solid tumor diseases. A lot of methods have been invented to investigate tumor cell migration, but not all are equally suited and no method alone is able to deliver a complete picture of tumor cell migration. We herein suggest a combination of three-dimensional in vitro and in vivo methods for the investigation of tumor cell migration and summarize the knowledge, which has been reached so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Palm
- Institute of Immunology, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448 Witten, Germany
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Entschladen F, Drell TL, Lang K, Masur K, Palm D, Bastian P, Niggemann B, Zaenker KS. Analysis methods of human cell migration. Exp Cell Res 2005; 307:418-26. [PMID: 15950622 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2005] [Revised: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The autonomous migration of specialized cells is an essential characteristic in both physiological and pathological functions in the adult human organism. Leukocytes, fibroblasts, and stem cells, but also tumor cells, are thus the subject of intense investigation in a broad range of research fields. A wide spectrum of methods have therefore been established to analyze chemokinetic and chemotactic cell migration, ranging from easy-to-handle two-dimensional surface migration assays to highly specialized three-dimensional and intravital analysis methods. It is now manifest that the results obtained with these various migration assays substantially differ. This review therefore gives an overview of the migration assays which are currently in use, describes the methods, and critically enlightens the particular advantages and disadvantages of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Entschladen
- Institute of Immunology, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Street 10, 58448 Witten, Germany.
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Abstract
Breast cancer metastasizes to bone with high frequency and incidence. However, studies of breast cancer metastasis to bone have been limited by two factors. First, the number of models that colonize bone are limited. Second, detection of bone metastases is too insensitive or too laborious for routine, large-scale studies or for studying the earliest steps in bone colonization. To partially alleviate these problems, the highly metastatic MDA-MB-435 (435) human breast carcinoma cell line was engineered to constitutively express enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP). While 435GFP cells did not form femoral metastases following orthotopic or intravenous injections, they produced widespread osteolytic skeletal metastases following injection into the left ventricle of the heart. All mice developed at least one femur metastasis as well as a mandibular metastasis. As in humans, osseous metastases localized predominantly to trabecular regions, especially proximal and distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus and lumbar vertebrae. 435GFP cells also developed metastases in adrenal glands, brain and ovary following intracardiac injection, suggesting that this model may also be useful for studying organotropism to other tissues as well. Additionally, GFP-tagging permitted detection of single cells and microscopic metastases in bone at early time points following arrival and at stages of proliferation prior to coalescence of individual metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Harms
- Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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