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Singh N, Sen Gupta R, Bose S. A comprehensive review on singlet oxygen generation in nanomaterials and conjugated polymers for photodynamic therapy in the treatment of cancer. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3243-3268. [PMID: 38265094 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05801h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
A key role in lessening humanity's continuous fight against cancer could be played by photodynamic therapy (PDT), a minimally invasive treatment employed in the medical care of a range of benign disorders and malignancies. Cancerous tissue can be effectively removed by using a light source-excited photosensitizer. Singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species are produced via the photosensitizer as a result of this excitation. In the recent past, researchers have put in tremendous efforts towards developing photosensitizer molecules for photodynamic treatment (PDT) to treat cancer. Conjugated polymers, characterized by their efficient fluorescence, exceptional photostability, and strong light absorption, are currently under scrutiny for their potential applications in cancer detection and treatment through photodynamic and photothermal therapy. Researchers are exploring the versatility of these polymers, utilizing sophisticated chemical synthesis and adaptable polymer structures to create new variants with enhanced capabilities for generating singlet oxygen in photodynamic treatment (PDT). The incorporation of photosensitizers into conjugated polymer nanoparticles has proved to be beneficial, as it improves singlet oxygen formation through effective energy transfer. The evolution of nanotechnology has emerged as an alternative avenue for enhancing the performance of current photosensitizers and overcoming significant challenges in cancer PDT. Various materials, including biocompatible metals, polymers, carbon, silicon, and semiconductor-based nanomaterials, have undergone thorough investigation as potential photosensitizers for cancer PDT. This paper outlines the recent advances in singlet oxygen generation by investigators using an array of materials, including graphene quantum dots (GQDs), gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), titanium dioxide (TiO2), ytterbium (Yb) and thulium (Tm) co-doped upconversion nanoparticle cores (Yb/Tm-co-doped UCNP cores), bismuth oxychloride nanoplates and nanosheets (BiOCl nanoplates and nanosheets), and others. It also stresses the synthesis and application of systems such as amphiphilic block copolymer functionalized with folic acid (FA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(β-benzyl-L-aspartate) (PBLA10) (FA-PEG-PBLA10) functionalized with folic acid, tetra(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (THPP-(PNIPAM-b-PMAGA)4), pyrazoline-fused axial silicon phthalocyanine (HY-SiPc), phthalocyanines (HY-ZnPcp, HY-ZnPcnp, and HY-SiPc), silver nanoparticles coated with polyaniline (Ag@PANI), doxorubicin (DOX) and infrared (IR)-responsive poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) (DOX/PEtOx-IR NPs), particularly in NIR imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (fluorescent and photoacoustic). The study puts forward a comprehensive summary and a convincing justification for the usage of the above-mentioned materials in cancer PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Singh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560012, India.
| | - Ria Sen Gupta
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560012, India.
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560012, India.
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2
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George BP, Chota A, Sarbadhikary P, Abrahamse H. Fundamentals and applications of metal nanoparticle- enhanced singlet oxygen generation for improved cancer photodynamic therapy. Front Chem 2022; 10:964674. [PMID: 35936097 PMCID: PMC9352943 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.964674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of nanotechnology in the field of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has proven to have great potential to overcome some of the challenges associated with traditional organic photosensitizers (PS) with respect to their solubility, drug delivery, distribution and site-specific targeting. Other focused areas in PDT involve high singlet oxygen production capability and excitability of PS by deep tissue penetrating light wavelengths. Owing to their very promising optical and surface plasmon resonance properties, combination of traditional PSs with plasmonic metallic nanoparticles like gold and silver nanoparticles results in remarkably high singlet oxygen production and extended excitation property from visible and near-infrared lights. This review summarizes the importance, fundamentals and applications of on plasmonic metallic nanoparticles in PDT. Lastly, we highlight the future prospects of these plasmonic nanoengineering strategies with or without PS combination, to have a significant impact in improving the therapeutic efficacy of cancer PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blassan P. George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Paromita Sarbadhikary
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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3
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Nooreen R, Nene S, Jain H, Prasannanjaneyulu V, Chitlangya P, Otavi S, Khatri DK, Raghuvanshi RS, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Polymer nanotherapeutics: A versatile platform for effective rheumatoid arthritis therapy. J Control Release 2022; 348:397-419. [PMID: 35660632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an aggressive and severely debilitating disorder that is characterized by joint pain and cartilage damage. It restricts mobility in patients, leaving them unable to carry out simple tasks. RA presents itself with severe lasting pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints and may cause permanent disability in patients. Treatment regimens currently employed for rheumatoid arthritis revolve around keeping clinical symptoms like joint pain, inflammation, swelling and stiffness at bay. The current therapeutic interventions in rheumatoid arthritis involve the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and newer biological drugs that are engineered for inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. These conventional drugs are plagued with severe adverse effects because of their higher systemic distribution, lack of specificity and higher doses. Oral, intra-articular, and intravenous routes are routinely used for drug delivery which is associated with decreased patient compliance, high cost, poor bioavailability and rapid systemic clearance. All these drawbacks have enticed researchers to create novel strategies for drug delivery, the main approach being nanocarrier-based systems. In this article, we aim to consolidate the remarkable contributions of polymeric carrier systems including microneedle technology and smart trigger-responsive polymeric carriers in the management of rheumatoid arthritis along with its detailed pathophysiology. This review also briefly describes the safety and regulatory aspects of polymer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Nooreen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Shweta Nene
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Harsha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Velpula Prasannanjaneyulu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Palak Chitlangya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Shivam Otavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeth M. Vijayan
- Polymer Science Division, BMT Wing; Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram 695012 Kerala India
| | - Jayabalalan Muthu
- Polymer Science Division, BMT Wing; Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram 695012 Kerala India
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5
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Croissant JG, Fatieiev Y, Khashab NM. Degradability and Clearance of Silicon, Organosilica, Silsesquioxane, Silica Mixed Oxide, and Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604634. [PMID: 28084658 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The biorelated degradability and clearance of siliceous nanomaterials have been questioned worldwide, since they are crucial prerequisites for the successful translation in clinics. Typically, the degradability and biocompatibility of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been an ongoing discussion in research circles. The reason for such a concern is that approved pharmaceutical products must not accumulate in the human body, to prevent severe and unpredictable side-effects. Here, the biorelated degradability and clearance of silicon and silica nanoparticles (NPs) are comprehensively summarized. The influence of the size, morphology, surface area, pore size, and surface functional groups, to name a few, on the degradability of silicon and silica NPs is described. The noncovalent organic doping of silica and the covalent incorporation of either hydrolytically stable or redox- and enzymatically cleavable silsesquioxanes is then described for organosilica, bridged silsesquioxane (BS), and periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) NPs. Inorganically doped silica particles such as calcium-, iron-, manganese-, and zirconium-doped NPs, also have radically different hydrolytic stabilities. To conclude, the degradability and clearance timelines of various siliceous nanomaterials are compared and it is highlighted that researchers can select a specific nanomaterial in this large family according to the targeted applications and the required clearance kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas G Croissant
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yevhen Fatieiev
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharan Swarnalatha Lucky
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117456
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Khee Chee Soo
- Division
of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 169610
| | - Yong Zhang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117456
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117576
- College
of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, P. R. China 321004
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7
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Conte C, Ungaro F, Mazzaglia A, Quaglia F. Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer: Principles, Clinical Applications, and Nanotechnological Approaches. NANO-ONCOLOGICALS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-08084-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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8
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Chloroaluminium phthalocyanine polymeric nanoparticles as photosensitisers: Photophysical and physicochemical characterisation, release and phototoxicity in vitro. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:371-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Tumor delivery of Photofrin® by PLL-g-PEG for photodynamic therapy. J Control Release 2013; 167:315-21. [PMID: 23454112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photofrin® (porfimer sodium) is a photosensitive reagent used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors and dysplasias. Because only photo-irradiated sites are damaged, PDT is less invasive than systemic treatments. However, a photosensitive reaction is a major side effect of systemically delivered Photofrin. To enhance localization of Photofrin to tumors, we have formulated Photofrin with the tumor-localizing graft copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted poly(l-lysine), PLL-g-PEG. We demonstrate that Photofrin preferentially interacts with PLL-g-PEG through both ionic and hydrophobic interactions. The serum competitive study showed that the highly PEG-grafted PLL is better for preventing serum binding to the Photofrin/PLL-g-PEG complex. In tumor-bearing mice, formulation of Photofrin with PLL-g-PEG enhanced tumor localization of Photofrin as twice as Photofrin alone and concomitantly suppressed the photosensitivity reaction drastically.
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10
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Kanwar JR, Sun X, Punj V, Sriramoju B, Mohan RR, Zhou SF, Chauhan A, Kanwar RK. Nanoparticles in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological disorders: untamed dragon with fire power to heal. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 8:399-414. [PMID: 21889479 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The incidence of neurological diseases of unknown etiology is increasing, including well-studied diseases such as Alzhiemer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis. The blood-brain barrier provides protection for the brain but also hinders the treatment and diagnosis of these neurological diseases, because the drugs must cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the lesions. Thus, attention has turned to developing novel and effective delivery systems that are capable of carrying drug and that provide good bioavailability in the brain. Nanoneurotechnology, particularly application of nanoparticles in drug delivery, has provided promising answers to some of these issues in recent years. Here we review the recent advances in the understanding of several common forms of neurological diseases and particularly the applications of nanoparticles to treat and diagnose them. In addition, we discuss the integration of bioinformatics and modern genomic approaches in the development of nanoparticles. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this review paper, applications of nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods and therapeutic modalities are discussed addressing a variety of neurological disorders, with special attention to blood-brain barrier delivery methods. These novel nanomedicine approaches are expected to revolutionize several aspects of clinical neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagat R Kanwar
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, Centre for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Biosciences (BioDeakin), Institute for Technology & Research Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
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11
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Burguete MI, Galindo F, Gavara R, Luis SV, Moreno M, Thomas P, Russell DA. Singlet oxygen generation using a porous monolithic polymer supported photosensitizer: potential application to the photodynamic destruction of melanoma cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:37-44. [DOI: 10.1039/b810921d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Chatterjee DK, Fong LS, Zhang Y. Nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy: an emerging paradigm. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:1627-37. [PMID: 18930086 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 771] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as one of the important therapeutic options in management of cancer and other diseases [M. Triesscheijn, P. Baas, J.H. Schellens, F.A. Stewart, Photodynamic therapy in oncology, Oncologist 11 (2006) 1034-1044]. Most photosensitizers are highly hydrophobic and require delivery systems. Previous classification of delivery systems was based on presence or absence of a targeting molecule on the surface [Y.N. Konan, R. Gurny, E. Allemann, State of the art in the delivery of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 66 (2002) 89-106]. Recent reports have described carrier nanoparticles with additional active complementary and supplementary roles in PDT. We introduce a functional classification for nanoparticles in PDT to divide them into passive carriers and active participants in photosensitizer excitation. Active nanoparticles are distinguished from non-biodegradable carriers with extraneous functions, and sub-classified mechanistically into photosensitizer nanoparticles, [A.C. Samia, X. Chen, C. Burda, Semiconductor quantum dots for photodynamic therapy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003) 15736-15737, R. Bakalova, H. Ohba, Z. Zhelev, M. Ishikawa, Y. Baba, Quantum dots as photosensitizers? Nat. Biotechnol. 22 (2004) 1360-1361] self-illuminating nanoparticles [W. Chen, J. Zhang, Using nanoparticles to enable simultaneous radiation and photodynamic therapies for cancer treatment, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnology 6 (2006) 1159-1166] and upconverting nanoparticles [P. Zhang, W. Steelant, M. Kumar, M. Scholfield, Versatile photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy at infrared excitation, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (2007) 4526-4527]. Although several challenges remain before they can be adopted for clinical use, these active or second-generation PDT nanoparticles probably offer the best hope for extending the reach of PDT to regions deep in the body.
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13
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Increasing entrapment of peptides within poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles prepared from water-in-oil microemulsions by copolymerization. Int J Pharm 2008; 362:141-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Singh M, Ferdous AJ, Branham M, Betageri GV. Trends in Drug Targeting for Cancer Treatment. Drug Deliv 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/10717549609029462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Literature Alerts. J Microencapsul 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/02652049209021254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Yang Z, Yang M, Peng J. Evaluation of Arsenic Trioxide-Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles as Carriers: Preparation and Antitumor Efficacy. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 34:834-9. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040801926733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Vauthier C, Labarre D, Ponchel G. Design aspects of poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles for drug delivery. J Drug Target 2008; 15:641-63. [PMID: 18041633 DOI: 10.1080/10611860701603372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) (PACA) nanoparticles were first developed 25 years ago taking advantage of the in vivo degradation potential of the polymer and of its good acceptance by living tissues. Since then, various PACA nanoparticles were designed including nanospheres, oil-containing and water-containing nanocapsules. This made possible the in vivo delivery of many types of drugs including those presenting serious challenging delivery problems. PACA nanoparticles were proven to improve treatments of severe diseases like cancer, infections and metabolic disease. For instance, they can transport drugs across barriers allowing delivery of therapeutic doses in difficult tissues to reach including in the brain or in multidrug resistant cells. This review gives an update on the more recent developments and achievements on design aspects of PACA nanoparticles as delivery systems for various drugs to be administered in vivo by different routes of administration.
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18
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Tang W, Xu H, Kopelman R, Philbert MA. Photodynamic Characterization and In Vitro Application of Methylene Blue-containing Nanoparticle Platforms¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb00181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Weiss CK, Ziener U, Landfester K. A Route to Nonfunctionalized and Functionalized Poly(n-butylcyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles: Preparation in Miniemulsion. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061865l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens K. Weiss
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIIMacromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ziener
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIIMacromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIIMacromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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20
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Lee PPS, Ngai T, Yang C, Wu C, Ng DKP. Synthesis, characterization, and degradation of silicon(IV) phthalocyanines conjugated axially with poly(sebacic anhydride). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Tang W, Xu H, Kopelman R, Philbert MA. Photodynamic Characterization and In Vitro Application of Methylene Blue-containing Nanoparticle Platforms¶. Photochem Photobiol 2005; 81:242-9. [PMID: 15595888 DOI: 10.1562/2004-05-24-ra-176.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the development and characterization of nanoparticles loaded with methylene blue (MB), which are designed to be administered to tumor cells externally and deliver singlet oxygen (1O2) for photodynamic therapy (PDT), i.e. cell kill via oxidative stress to the membrane. We demonstrated the encapsulation of MB, a photosensitizer (PS), in three types of sub-200 nm nanoparticles, composed of polyacrylamide, sol-gel silica and organically modified silicate (ORMOSIL), respectively. Induced by light irradiation, the entrapped MB generated 1O2, and the produced 1O2 was measured quantitatively with anthracene-9,10-dipropionic acid, disodium salt, to compare the effects of different matrices on 1O2 delivery. Among these three different kinds of nanoparticles, the polyacrylamide nanoparticles showed the most efficient delivery of 1O2, but its loading of MB was low. In contrast, the sol-gel nanoparticles had the best MB loading but the least efficient 1O2 delivery. In addition to investigating the matrix effects, a preliminary in vitro PDT study using the MB-loaded polyacrylamide nanoparticles was conducted on rat C6 glioma tumor cells with positive photodynamic results. The encapsulation of MB in nanoparticles should diminish the interaction of this PS with the biological milieu, thus facilitating its systemic administration. Furthermore, the concept of the drug-delivering nanoparticles has been extended to a new type of dynamic nanoplatform (DNP) that only delivers 1O2. This DNP could also be used as a targeted multifunctional platform for combined diagnostics and therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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22
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Simeonova M, Velichkova R, Ivanova G, Enchev V, Abrahams I. Study on the role of 5-fluorouracil in the polymerization of butylcyanoacrylate during the formation of nanoparticles. J Drug Target 2004; 12:49-56. [PMID: 15203911 DOI: 10.1080/1061186042000207011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The possible involvement of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in the initiation process of the polymerization of n-butylcyanoacrylate monomer during nanoparticle formation was investigated. 5FU in acidic solution (pH 2-3) may interfere in the initiation process through its amino groups via the formation of zwitterions. The proposed zwitterionic mechanism of initiation was supported by the molecular weight profiles of the polymer, determined by gel permeation chromatography, and the covalent linkage of the cytostatic to the main polymer chain. H NMR analyses clearly demonstrated that a significant fraction of 5FU was covalently bonded to the poly(butylcyanoacrylate) chains through its amino groups preferentially through one of the two nitrogen atoms. In vitro release study performed shows that the investigated 5FU-loaded PBCN are suitable for sustaining delivery of 5FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simeonova
- Institute of Polymers Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 103A 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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23
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Lee PPS, Ngai T, Huang JD, Wu C, Fong WP, Ng DKP. Synthesis, Characterization, Biodegradation, and in Vitro Photodynamic Activities of Silicon(IV) Phthalocyanines Conjugated Axially with Poly(ε-caprolactone). Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034763t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla P. S. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China, Institute of Research on Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China, and The Open Laboratory for Bond-Selective Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China, Institute of Research on Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China, and The Open Laboratory for Bond-Selective Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China, Institute of Research on Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China, and The Open Laboratory for Bond-Selective Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chi Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China, Institute of Research on Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China, and The Open Laboratory for Bond-Selective Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wing-Ping Fong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China, Institute of Research on Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China, and The Open Laboratory for Bond-Selective Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China, Institute of Research on Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China, and The Open Laboratory for Bond-Selective Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Vauthier C, Dubernet C, Fattal E, Pinto-Alphandary H, Couvreur P. Poly(alkylcyanoacrylates) as biodegradable materials for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2003; 55:519-48. [PMID: 12706049 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(03)00041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This review considers the use of poly(alkylcyanoacrylates) (PACAs) as biomedical materials. We first present the different aspects of the polymerization of alkylcyanoacrylate monomers and briefly discuss their applications as skin adhesives, surgical glues and embolitic materials. An extensive review of the developments and applications of PACAs as nanoparticles for the delivery of drugs is then given. The methods of preparation of the nanoparticles are presented and considerations concerning the degradation, in vivo distribution, toxicity and cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles are discussed. The different therapeutic applications are presented according to the route of administration of the nanoparticles and include the most recent developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Vauthier
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, Université de Paris XI, 5 Rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92296 Cedex, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
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Konan YN, Gurny R, Allémann E. State of the art in the delivery of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2002; 66:89-106. [PMID: 11897509 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 713] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In photodynamic therapy, one of the problems limiting the use of many photosensitizers (PS) is the difficulty in preparing pharmaceutical formulations that enable their parenteral administration. Due to their low water solubility, the hydrophobic PS cannot be simply injected intravenously. Different strategies, including polymer-PS conjugation or encapsulation of the drug in colloidal carriers such as oil-dispersions, liposomes and polymeric particles, have been investigated. Although these colloidal carriers tend to accumulate selectively in tumour tissues, they are rapidly taken up by the mononuclear phagocytic system. In order to reduce this undesirable uptake by phagocytic cells, long-circulating carriers that consist of surface modified carriers have been developed. Moreover, considerable effort has been directed towards using other types of carriers to improve tumour targeting and to minimize the side effects. One of the approaches is to entrap PS into the lipophilic core of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) without altering their biological properties. The LDL receptor pathway is an important factor in the selective accumulation of PS in tumour tissue owing to the increased number of LDL receptors on the proliferating cell surface. Specific targeting can also be achieved by binding of monoclonal antibodies or specific tumour-seeking molecules to PS or by the coating of PS loaded carriers.
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Allémann E, Brasseur N, Benrezzak O, Rousseau J, Kudrevich SV, Boyle RW, Leroux JC, Gurny R, Van Lier JE. PEG-coated poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for the delivery of hexadecafluoro zinc phthalocyanine to EMT-6 mouse mammary tumours. J Pharm Pharmacol 1995; 47:382-7. [PMID: 7494187 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1995.tb05815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hexadecafluoro zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPcF16), a second generation sensitizer for the photodynamic therapy of cancer, was incorporated in three vehicles: poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated nanoparticles and a Cremophor EL (CRM) oil-water emulsion. Nanoparticles were prepared by the salting-out procedure. Biodistribution of the dye was assessed by fluorescence in EMT-6 mammary tumour bearing mice after intravenous injection of 1 mumol kg-1 ZnPcF16. Plain nanoparticles were rapidly retained by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) as reflected by the low area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC0-168, 57 micrograms h g-1). Little tumour uptake of the dye was observed with this formulation. In contrast, PEG-coated nanoparticles displayed a reduced RES uptake, leading to significantly higher blood levels over an extended period (t1/2 30 h; AUC 0-168 227 micrograms h g-1) and enhanced tumour uptake. At 48 h post injection, tumour to skin and tumour to muscle concentration ratios reached 3.5 and 10.8, respectively. Blood levels of ZnPcF16 after administration as a CRM emulsion decreased faster than with PEG-coated nanoparticles (t1/2 12 h), but since no early liver uptake was observed, the AUC0-168 and the tumour uptake were only slightly lower. However, with the CRM formulation, a late liver uptake was observed, reaching 51% of the injected dose after 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Allémann
- MRC Group in the Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Chouinard F, Buczkowski S, Lenaerts V. Poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanocapsules: physicochemical characterization and mechanism of formation. Pharm Res 1994; 11:869-74. [PMID: 7937528 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018938026615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanocapsules of poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) and poly(isohexylcyanoacrylate) were prepared by addition of the monomer to an organic phase and subsequent mixing of the organic phase to an aqueous phase containing poloxamer 188, 238 or 407. Gel permeation chromatography indicated that in contrast to literature reports, polymerization occurred in the organic phase and nanocapsules were obtained by interfacial precipitation of the polymer without any significant change of the molecular weight. Addition of SO2 to the organic phase before the introduction of the monomer allowed preparation of nanocapsules with a lower molecular weight. Nanospheres were prepared in a similar way albeit using an organic phase that was completely miscible within the aqueous phase so that solid spheres were obtained. Density gradient centrifugation revealed that nanocapsules had a density intermediate between nanospheres and an emulsion prepared in the same way without addition of monomer to the organic phase. Further, the process used to prepare nanocapsules had a high yield since no oil droplets or nanospheres were obtained by this process. Zeta potential of the nanocapsules and spheres was found to be related to the molecular weight of the polymer: values as high as approximately -42 mV were obtained for low molecular weight nanocapsules (MW approximately 1000) compared to approximately -10mV for the emulsion and the high molecular weight nanocapsules (MW approximately 100,000). Surface charge of the nanocapsules and molecular weight of their polymeric wall conditioned the adsorption capacity of poloxamers. Moreover, the highest adsorption was measured with the most hydrophobic poloxamer. These observations agree with previous work conducted on hydrophobic surfaces.
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Effect of various poloxamer coatings on in vitro adhesion of isohexylcyanoacrylate nanospheres to rat ileal segments under liquid flow. Int J Pharm 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(92)90256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Literature Alerts. J Microencapsul 1991. [DOI: 10.3109/02652049109021242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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