1
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Sass-Ørum K, Tagmose TM, Olsen J, Sjölander A, Wahlund PO, Han D, Vegge A, Reedtz-Runge S, Wang Z, Gao X, Wieczorek B, Lamberth K, Lykkegaard K, Nielsen PK, Thøgersen H, Yu M, Wang J, Drustrup J, Zhang X, Garibay P, Hansen K, Hansen AMK, Andersen B. Development of Zalfermin, a Long-Acting Proteolytically Stabilized FGF21 Analog. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39013015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Here, we describe the development of the FGF21 analog zalfermin (NNC0194-0499, 15), intended for once-weekly sc dosing. Protein engineering was needed to address inherent druggability issues of the natural FGF21 hormone. Thus, deamidation of Asp121 was solved by mutation to glutamine, and oxidation of Met168 was solved by mutation to leucine. N-terminal region degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV was prevented by alanine residue elongation. To prevent inactivating metabolism by fibroblast activation protein and carboxypeptidase-like activity in the C-terminal region, and to achieve t1/2 extension (53 h in cynomolgus monkeys), we introduced a C18 fatty diacid at the penultimate position 180. The fatty diacid binds albumin in a reversible manner, such that the free fraction of zalfermin potently activates the FGF-receptor complex and retains receptor selectivity compared with FGF21, providing strong efficacy on body weight loss in diet-induced obese mice. Zalfermin is currently being clinically evaluated for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Sass-Ørum
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Research Technologies, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen Olsen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Research Technologies, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Annika Sjölander
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Research Technologies, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Per-Olof Wahlund
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Research Technologies, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Dan Han
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Center China, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Andreas Vegge
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Drug Discovery, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Zhe Wang
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Center China, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Center China, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Birgit Wieczorek
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Research Technologies, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Kasper Lamberth
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Drug Discovery, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Henning Thøgersen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Research Technologies, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Mingrui Yu
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Center China, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Center China, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jørn Drustrup
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Research Technologies, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Xujia Zhang
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Center China, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Patrick Garibay
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Research Technologies, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Kristian Hansen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Drug Discovery, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
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2
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Manning MC, Holcomb RE, Payne RW, Stillahn JM, Connolly BD, Katayama DS, Liu H, Matsuura JE, Murphy BM, Henry CS, Crommelin DJA. Stability of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Recent Advances. Pharm Res 2024:10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x. [PMID: 38937372 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
There have been significant advances in the formulation and stabilization of proteins in the liquid state over the past years since our previous review. Our mechanistic understanding of protein-excipient interactions has increased, allowing one to develop formulations in a more rational fashion. The field has moved towards more complex and challenging formulations, such as high concentration formulations to allow for subcutaneous administration and co-formulation. While much of the published work has focused on mAbs, the principles appear to apply to any therapeutic protein, although mAbs clearly have some distinctive features. In this review, we first discuss chemical degradation reactions. This is followed by a section on physical instability issues. Then, more specific topics are addressed: instability induced by interactions with interfaces, predictive methods for physical stability and interplay between chemical and physical instability. The final parts are devoted to discussions how all the above impacts (co-)formulation strategies, in particular for high protein concentration solutions.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ryan E Holcomb
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert W Payne
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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3
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Chen F, Zhong H, Chan G, Ouyang D. A Comprehensive Analysis of Biopharmaceutical Products Listed in the FDA's Purple Book. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:88. [PMID: 38637407 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although biopharmaceuticals constitute around 10% of the drug landscape, eight of the ten top-selling products were biopharmaceuticals in 2023. This study did a comprehensive analysis of the FDA's Purple Book database. Firstly, our research uncovered market trends and provided insights into biologics distributions. According to the investigation, although biotechnology has advanced and legislative shifts have made the approval process faster, there are still challenges to overcome, such as molecular instability and formulation design. Moreover, our research comprehensively analyzed biological formulations, pointing out significant strategies regarding administration routes, dosage forms, product packaging, and excipients. In conjunction with biologics, the widespread integration of innovative delivery strategies will be implemented to confront the evolving challenges in healthcare and meet an expanding array of treatment needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuduan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
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4
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Vitharana S, Stillahn JM, Katayama DS, Henry CS, Manning MC. Application of Formulation Principles to Stability Issues Encountered During Processing, Manufacturing, and Storage of Drug Substance and Drug Product Protein Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2724-2751. [PMID: 37572779 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of formulation and stabilization of protein therapeutics has become rather extensive. However, most of the focus has been on stabilization of the final drug product. Yet, proteins experience stress and degradation through the manufacturing process, starting with fermentaition. This review describes how formulation principles can be applied to stabilize biopharmaceutical proteins during bioprocessing and manufacturing, considering each unit operation involved in prepration of the drug substance. In addition, the impact of the container on stabilty is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO 80534, USA; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO 80534, USA; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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5
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Beheshtizadeh N, Gharibshahian M, Bayati M, Maleki R, Strachan H, Doughty S, Tayebi L. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) delivery approaches in regenerative medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115301. [PMID: 37562236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of growth factors in the process of tissue regeneration has garnered significant interest and has been the subject of extensive research. However, despite the fervent efforts invested in recent clinical trials, a considerable number of these studies have produced outcomes that are deemed unsatisfactory. It is noteworthy that the trials that have yielded the most satisfactory outcomes have exhibited a shared characteristic, namely, the existence of a mechanism for the regulated administration of growth factors. Despite the extensive exploration of drug delivery vehicles and their efficacy in delivering certain growth factors, the development of a reliable predictive approach for the delivery of delicate growth factors like Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) remains elusive. VEGF plays a crucial role in promoting angiogenesis; however, the administration of VEGF demands a meticulous approach as it necessitates precise localization and transportation to a specific target tissue. This process requires prolonged and sustained exposure to a low concentration of VEGF. Inaccurate administration of drugs, either through off-target effects or inadequate delivery, may heighten the risk of adverse reactions and potentially result in tumorigenesis. At present, there is a scarcity of technologies available for the accurate encapsulation of VEGF and its subsequent sustained and controlled release. The objective of this review is to present and assess diverse categories of VEGF administration mechanisms. This paper examines various systems, including polymeric, liposomal, hydrogel, inorganic, polyplexes, and microfluidic, and evaluates the appropriate dosage of VEGF for multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Gharibshahian
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayati
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Maleki
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), P.O. Box 33535111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hannah Strachan
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Sarah Doughty
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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6
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Souza TL, de Morais TP, Neto FF, Opuskevitch I, Ferreira FCAS, Randi MAF, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, de Souza C, Prodocimo MM. Physicochemical and bioinformatic characterization of Oreochromis niloticus vitellogenin as an endocrine disruption biomarker. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:12-24. [PMID: 36547786 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic biota is increasingly being exposed to chemical pollutants due to human activities and the relationship between the level of environmental pollution and fish reproduction is a continuously ongoing issue. The vitellogenin (Vtg) protein synthesis can be induced in the liver of juvenile and male fish after stimulation of the estrogen receptor and therefore, Vtg has been used as a biomarker of xenoestrogen exposure in several fish species. The current study reported the first physicochemical characterization of Vtg from Oreochromis niloticus. Adult male fish were exposed to 17α-ethinylestradiol for Vtg induction. Purified vitellogenin from plasma showed low stability at 25 and 4 °C in saline conditions, and good stability in acidic (low pH) or in heated conditions. The 3D modeling provided useful information on the structure of O. niloticus Vtg showing conserved structural features. According to bioinformatics and experimental results, there are important structural differences between the two chemical forms of Vtg (VtgAb and VtgC) in a phylogenetic context. The present results add information about the development of ecotoxicological immunoassays to study the endocrine disruption in O. niloticus improving the Vtg performance as a biomarker of reproduction in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugstênio L Souza
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tobias P de Morais
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Iracema Opuskevitch
- Copel GeT-SOS/DNGT, Rua José Izidoro Biazetto, No. 18, Bloco A, CEP 81200-240, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernando C A S Ferreira
- Copel GeT-SOS/DNGT, Rua José Izidoro Biazetto, No. 18, Bloco A, CEP 81200-240, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Ferreira Randi
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Claudemir de Souza
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maritana Mela Prodocimo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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7
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Ghosh I, Gutka H, Krause ME, Clemens R, Kashi RS. A systematic review of commercial high concentration antibody drug products approved in the US: formulation composition, dosage form design and primary packaging considerations. MAbs 2023; 15:2205540. [PMID: 37243580 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2205540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Three critical aspects that define high concentration antibody products (HCAPs) are as follows: 1) formulation composition, 2) dosage form, and 3) primary packaging configuration. HCAPs have become successful in the therapeutic sector due to their unique advantage of allowing subcutaneous self-administration. Technical challenges, such as physical and chemical instability, viscosity, delivery volume limitations, and product immunogenicity, can hinder successful development and commercialization of HCAPs. Such challenges can be overcome by robust formulation and process development strategies, as well as rational selection of excipients and packaging components. We compiled and analyzed data from US Food and Drug Administration-approved and marketed HCAPs that are ≥100 mg/mL to identify trends in formulation composition and quality target product profile. This review presents our findings and discusses novel formulation and processing technologies that enable the development of improved HCAPs at ≥200 mg/mL. The observed trends can be used as a guide for further advancements in the development of HCAPs as more complex antibody-based modalities enter biologics product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Ghosh
- Sterile Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Hiten Gutka
- Sterile Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Mary E Krause
- Sterile Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ryan Clemens
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Ramesh S Kashi
- Sterile Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ, USA
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8
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Alves de Souza SM, de Araújo TS, Ferretti GDDS, Kalume DE, Cordeiro Y, Almeida MDS, de Souza TLF. Novel Method for the Production, Purification, and Characterization of Recombinant Lunasin: Identification of Disulfide Cross-Linked Dimers. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Ionic liquids as protein stabilizers for biological and biomedical applications: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Water structure in glycerol: Spectroscopic and computer simulation investigation of hydrogen bonding and water clustering. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Kyu Ko S, Berner C, Kulakova A, Schneider M, Antes I, Winter G, Harris P, Peters GH. Investigation of the pH-dependent aggregation mechanisms of GCSF using low resolution protein characterization techniques and advanced molecular dynamics simulations. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1439-1455. [PMID: 35386098 PMCID: PMC8956964 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) is a widely used therapeutic protein to treat neutropenia. GCSF has an increased propensity to aggregate if the pH is increased above 5.0. Although GCSF is very well experimentally characterized, the exact pH-dependent aggregation mechanism of GCSF is still under debate. This study aimed to model the complex pH-dependent aggregation behavior of GCSF using state-of-the-art simulation techniques. The conformational stability of GCSF was investigated by performing metadynamics simulations, while the protein-protein interactions were investigated using coarse-grained (CG) simulations of multiple GCSF monomers. The CG simulations were directly compared with small-angle X-ray (SAXS) data. The metadynamics simulations demonstrated that the orientations of Trp residues in GCSF are dependent on pH. The conformational change of Trp residues is due to the loss of Trp-His interactions at the physiological pH, which in turn may increase protein flexibility. The helical structure of GCSF was not affected by the pH conditions of the simulations. Our CG simulations indicate that at pH 4.0, the colloidal stability may be more important than the conformational stability of GCSF. The electrostatic potential surface and CG simulations suggested that the basic residues are mainly responsible for colloidal stability as deprotonation of these residues causes a reduction of the highly positively charged electrostatic barrier close to the aggregation-prone long loop regions.
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12
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Water Distribution on Protein Surface of the Lyophilized Proteins with Different Topography Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2299-2311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Sorokina I, Mushegian AR, Koonin EV. Is Protein Folding a Thermodynamically Unfavorable, Active, Energy-Dependent Process? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:521. [PMID: 35008947 PMCID: PMC8745595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevailing current view of protein folding is the thermodynamic hypothesis, under which the native folded conformation of a protein corresponds to the global minimum of Gibbs free energy G. We question this concept and show that the empirical evidence behind the thermodynamic hypothesis of folding is far from strong. Furthermore, physical theory-based approaches to the prediction of protein folds and their folding pathways so far have invariably failed except for some very small proteins, despite decades of intensive theory development and the enormous increase of computer power. The recent spectacular successes in protein structure prediction owe to evolutionary modeling of amino acid sequence substitutions enhanced by deep learning methods, but even these breakthroughs provide no information on the protein folding mechanisms and pathways. We discuss an alternative view of protein folding, under which the native state of most proteins does not occupy the global free energy minimum, but rather, a local minimum on a fluctuating free energy landscape. We further argue that ΔG of folding is likely to be positive for the majority of proteins, which therefore fold into their native conformations only through interactions with the energy-dependent molecular machinery of living cells, in particular, the translation system and chaperones. Accordingly, protein folding should be modeled as it occurs in vivo, that is, as a non-equilibrium, active, energy-dependent process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arcady R. Mushegian
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA;
- Clare Hall College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9AL, UK
| | - Eugene V. Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
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14
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Jakaria SM, Budil DE, Murtagh J. Glycopeptide antibiotic drug stability in aqueous solution. AAPS OPEN 2022; 8:20. [PMCID: PMC9742044 DOI: 10.1186/s41120-022-00067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycopeptide antimicrobials are a class of naturally occurring or semi-synthetic glycosylated products that have shown antibacterial activity against gram-positive organisms by inhibiting cell-wall synthesis. In most cases, these drugs are prepared in dry powder (lyophilized) form due to chemical and physical instability in aqueous solution; however, from an economic and practical point of view, liquid formulations are preferred. Researchers have recently found ways to formulate some glycopeptide antibiotic therapeutic drugs in aqueous solution at refrigerated or room temperature. Chemical degradation can be significantly slowed by formulating them at a defined pH with specific buffers, avoiding oxygen reactive species, and minimizing solvent exposure. Sugars, amino acids, polyols, and surfactants can reduce physical degradation by restricting glycopeptide mobility and reducing solvent interaction. This review focuses on recent studies on glycopeptide antibiotic drug stability in aqueous solution. It is organized into three sections: (i) glycopeptide antibiotic instability due to chemical and physical degradation, (ii) strategies to improve glycopeptide antibiotic stability in aqueous solution, and (iii) a survey of glycopeptide antibiotic drugs currently available in the market and their stability based on published literature and patents. Antimicrobial resistance deaths are expected to increase by 2050, making heat-stable glycopeptides in aqueous solution an important treatment option for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant pathogens. In conclusion, it should be possible to formulate heat stable glycopeptide drugs in aqueous solution by understanding the degradation mechanisms of this class of therapeutic drugs in greater detail, making them easily accessible to developing countries with a lack of cold chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar M. Jakaria
- Hikma Pharmaceuticals, Bedford, OH 44146 USA ,grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, MA 02115 Boston, USA
| | - David E. Budil
- grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, MA 02115 Boston, USA
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15
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Programmable chemical actuator control of soluble and membrane-bound enzymatic catalysis. Methods Enzymol 2022; 676:159-194. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Pohl C, Polimeni M, Indrakumar S, Streicher W, Peters GHJ, Nørgaard A, Lund M, Harris P. Electrostatics Drive Oligomerization and Aggregation of Human Interferon Alpha-2a. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13657-13669. [PMID: 34898211 PMCID: PMC8713289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Aggregation is a
common phenomenon in the field of protein therapeutics
and can lead to function loss or immunogenic patient responses. Two
strategies are currently used to reduce aggregation: (1) finding a
suitable formulation, which is labor-intensive and requires large
protein quantities, or (2) engineering the protein, which requires
extensive knowledge about the protein aggregation pathway. We present
a biophysical characterization of the oligomerization and aggregation
processes by Interferon alpha-2a (IFNα-2a), a protein drug with
antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. This study combines experimental
high throughput screening with detailed investigations by small-angle
X-ray scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation. Metropolis Monte
Carlo simulations are used to gain insight into the underlying intermolecular
interactions. IFNα-2a forms soluble oligomers that are controlled
by a fast pH and concentration-dependent equilibrium. Close to the
isoelectric point of 6, IFNα-2a forms insoluble aggregates which
can be prevented by adding salt. We show that monomer attraction is driven mainly by molecular anisotropic dipole–dipole interactions
that increase with increasing pH. Repulsion is due
to monopole–monopole interactions and depends on the charge
of IFNα-2a. The study highlights how combining multiple methods
helps to systematically dissect the molecular mechanisms driving oligomer
formation and to design ultimately efficient strategies for preventing
detrimental protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Pohl
- Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, 2880, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Marco Polimeni
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sowmya Indrakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | | | - Günther H J Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | | | - Mikael Lund
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pernille Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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17
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Liebner R, Altınoğlu S, Selzer T. A Road Map to GMP Readiness for Protein Therapeutics - Drug Product Process Development for Clinical Supply. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:608-617. [PMID: 34530002 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals for human use present unique challenges during manufacturing, storage, shipment, and administration. Not all drug product process development aspects can and should be studied in detail before entering in first-in human studies (FIH) due to limited resources and the need for new drug candidates to enter phase 1 clinical studies quickly. Whilst activities for formulation development studies are well defined in literature, there is a lack of regulatory guidance for phase appropriate process development studies for clinical supplies. This review summarizes potential process development studies for liquid protein formulations and proposes a phase appropriate testing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Liebner
- Chemical Pharmaceutical Development - Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Merck KGaA, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Sarah Altınoğlu
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., MA-01821 Billerica, USA
| | - Torsten Selzer
- Chemical Pharmaceutical Development - Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Merck KGaA, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
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18
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Rahman Sabuj MZ, Islam N. Inhaled antibiotic-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for the management of lower respiratory tract infections. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4005-4018. [PMID: 36132845 PMCID: PMC9419283 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00205h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are one of the leading causes of deaths in the world. Currently available treatment for this disease is with high doses of antibiotics which need to be administered frequently. Instead, pulmonary delivery of drugs has been considered as one of the most efficient routes of drug delivery to the targeted areas as it provides rapid onset of action, direct deposition of drugs into the lungs, and better therapeutic effects at low doses and is self-administrable by the patients. Thus, there is a need for scientists to design more convenient pulmonary drug delivery systems towards the innovation of a novel treatment system for LRTIs. Drug-encapsulating polymer nanoparticles have been investigated for lung delivery which could significantly reduce the limitations of the currently available treatment system for LRTIs. However, the selection of an appropriate polymer carrier for the drugs is a critical issue for the successful formulations of inhalable nanoparticles. In this review, the current understanding of LRTIs, management systems for this disease and their limitations, pulmonary drug delivery systems and the challenges of drug delivery through the pulmonary route are discussed. Drug-encapsulating polymer nanoparticles for lung delivery, antibiotics used in pulmonary delivery and drug encapsulation techniques have also been reviewed. A strong emphasis is placed on the impact of drug delivery into the infected lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaidur Rahman Sabuj
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control (CIIC), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
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19
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Mokhtari-Abpangoui M, Lohrasbi-Nejad A, Zolala J, Torkzadeh-Mahani M, Ghanbari S. Improvement Thermal Stability of D-Lactate Dehydrogenase by Hydrophobin-1 and in Silico Prediction of Protein-Protein Interactions. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:919-932. [PMID: 34109551 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are small surface-active proteins. They can connect to hydrophobic or hydrophilic regions and oligomerize in solution to form massive construction. In nature, these proteins are produced by filamentous fungi at different stages of growth. So far, researchers have used them in various fields of biotechnology. In this study, recombinant hydrophobin-1 (rHFB1, 7.5 kDa) was used to stabilize recombinant D-lactate dehydrogenase (rD-LDH, 35 kDa). rD-LDH is a sensitive enzyme deactivated and oxidized by external agents such as O2 and lights. So, its stabilization with rHFB1 can be the best index to demonstrate the positive effect of rHFB1 on preserving and improving enzyme's activity. The unique ability of rHFB1 for interacting with hydrophobic regions of rD-LDH was predicted by protein-protein docking study with ClusPro and PIC servers and confirmed by fluorescence experiments, and Colorless Native-PAGE. Measurement of thermodynamic parameters allows for authenticating the role of rHFB1 as a thermal stabilizer in the protein-protein complex (rD-LDH@rHFB1). Interaction between rHFB1 and rD-LDH improved half-life of enzyme 2.25-fold at 40 °C. Investigation of the kinetic parameters proved that the presence of rHFB1 along with the rD-LDH enhancement strongly the affinity of the enzyme for pyruvate. Furthermore, an increase of Kcat/Km for complex displayed the effect of rHFB1 for improving the enzyme's catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azadeh Lohrasbi-Nejad
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Jafar Zolala
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saba Ghanbari
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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20
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Flynn J, Ryan A, Hudson SP. Pre-formulation and delivery strategies for the development of bacteriocins as next generation antibiotics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:149-163. [PMID: 34020021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins, a class of antimicrobial peptide produced by bacteria, may offer a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics, an important step towards mitigating the ever-increasing antimicrobial resistance crisis. They are active against a range of clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteriocins have been discussed in the literature for over a century. Although they are used as preservatives in food, no medicine based on their antimicrobial activity exists on the market today. In order to formulate them into clinical antibiotics, pre-formulation studies on their biophysical and physicochemical properties that will influence their activity in vivo and their stability during manufacture must be elucidated. Thermal, pH and enzymatic stability of bacteriocins are commonly studied and regularly reported in the literature. Solubility, permeability and aggregation properties on the other hand are less frequently reported for many bacteriocins, which may contribute to their poor clinical progression. Promising cytotoxicity studies report that bacteriocins exhibit few cytotoxic effects on a variety of mammalian cell lines, at active concentrations. This review highlights the lack of quantitative data and in many cases even qualitative data, on bacteriocins' solubility, stability, aggregation, permeability and cytotoxicity. The formulation strategies that have been explored to date, proposed routes of administration, trends in in vitro/in vivo behaviour and efforts in clinical development are discussed. The future promise of bacteriocins as a new generation of antibiotics may require tailored local delivery strategies to fulfil their potential as a force to combat antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Flynn
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aoibhín Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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21
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Leja N, Wagner D, Smith K, Hurren J. Transportation of a commercial premixed intravenous insulin product through a pneumatic tube system. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2021; 78:1720-1723. [PMID: 33964133 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Delivery of insulin products via pneumatic tubes is often avoided in health systems, as agitation may cause insulin proteins to destabilize, resulting in loss of function through denaturation, aggregation, or other processes. The actual loss of potency due to delivery via pneumatic tubes has not been reported for new, ready-to-use insulin products. METHODS Samples were drawn from 7 commercial intravenous (IV) bags containing a 100 units/100 mL premixed solution of regular insulin in sodium chloride injection (Myxredlin, Baxter). The bags were then exposed to 7 unique long-distance pneumatic tube routes. The post-transportation bags were visually inspected for evidence of foaming. Samples were drawn from the post-transportation bags and insulin concentrations were analyzed via an enzyme immunoassay and compared to pretransportation concentrations. RESULTS All seven post-transportation insulin samples were within 10% of their respective pretransportation sample. No foaming was observed in any of the Myxredlin bags after transportation through the pneumatic tube system. CONCLUSION Transporting 100 unit/100 mL Myxredlin i.v. bags through a pneumatic tube system does not result in a clinically significant loss of potency. Therefore, delivery of this drug product via a pneumatic tube system to patient care areas can be considered in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Leja
- Michigan Medicine Department of Pharmacy Services, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Deborah Wagner
- Michigan Medicine C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kirsten Smith
- University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeff Hurren
- Michigan Medicine Department of Pharmacy Services, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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22
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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23
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Wenzel T, Gieseler M, Abdul-Fattah AM, Gieseler H. Cycle Development in a Mini-Freeze Dryer: Evaluation of Manometric Temperature Measurement in Small-Scale Equipment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:143. [PMID: 33903988 PMCID: PMC8076153 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to assess the applicability of manometric temperature measurement (MTM) and SMART™ for cycle development and monitoring of critical product and process parameters in a mini-freeze dryer using a small set of seven vials. Freeze drying cycles were developed using SMART™ which automatically defines and adapts process parameters based on input data and MTM feedback information. The freeze drying behavior and product characteristics of an amorphous model system were studied at varying wall temperature control settings of the cylindrical wall surrounding the shelf in the mini-freeze dryer. Calculated product temperature profiles were similar for all different wall temperature settings during the MTM-SMART™ runs and in good agreement with the temperatures measured by thermocouples. Product resistance profiles showed uniformity in all of the runs conducted in the mini-freeze dryer, but absolute values were slightly lower compared to values determined by MTM in a LyoStar™ pilot-scale freeze dryer. The resulting cakes exhibited comparable residual moisture content and optical appearance to the products obtained in the larger freeze dryer. An increase in intra-vial heterogeneity was found for the pore morphology in the cycle with deactivated wall temperature control in the mini-freeze dryer. SMART™ cycle design and product attributes were reproducible and a minimum load of seven 10R vials was identified for more accurate MTM values. MTM-SMART™ runs suggested, that in case of the wall temperature following the product temperature of the center vial, product temperatures differ only slightly from those in the LyoStar™ freeze dryer.
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24
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Bolje A, Gobec S. Analytical Techniques for Structural Characterization of Proteins in Solid Pharmaceutical Forms: An Overview. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040534. [PMID: 33920461 PMCID: PMC8070348 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins as biopharmaceuticals have emerged as a very important class of drugs for the treatment of many diseases. However, they are less stable compared to conventional pharmaceuticals. Their long-term stability in solid forms, which is critical for product performance, depends heavily on the retention of the native protein structure during the lyophilization (freeze-drying) process and, thereafter, in the solid state. Indeed, the biological function of proteins is directly related to the tertiary and secondary structure. Besides physical stability and biological activity, conformational stability (three-dimensional structure) is another important aspect when dealing with protein pharmaceuticals. Moreover, denaturation as loss of higher order structure is often a precursor to aggregation or chemical instability. Careful study of the physical and chemical properties of proteins in the dried state is therefore critical during biopharmaceutical drug development to deliver a final drug product with built-in quality that is safe, high-quality, efficient, and affordable for patients. This review provides an overview of common analytical techniques suitable for characterizing pharmaceutical protein powders, providing structural, and conformational information, as well as insights into dynamics. Such information can be very useful in formulation development, where selecting the best formulation for the drug can be quite a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoša Bolje
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.G.); Tel.: +386-147-69500 (A.B.); +386-147-69585 (S.G.)
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.G.); Tel.: +386-147-69500 (A.B.); +386-147-69585 (S.G.)
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25
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Jia L, Jiang Q, He Z, Wang Y. Characterization techniques: The stepping stone to liposome lyophilized product development. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120519. [PMID: 33775728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The primary drying is the longest step of the freeze-drying process and becomes one of the focuses for lyophilization cycle development inevitably, which is often approaching through a "trial and error" course and requires a labor-intensive and time-consuming endeavor. Nevertheless, drawing support from characterization techniques to understand the physic-chemical properties changing of the sample during lyophilization and their correlation with process conditions comprehensively, the freeze-drying development and optimization will get more from less. To get the optimal lyophilization cycle in the least time, the instrumental methods assisting primary drying design are summarized. The techniques used for estimating the collapse temperature of products are reviewed at first, aiming to provide a reference on the primary drying temperature setting to guarantee product quality. The instrumental methods for primary drying end prediction are also discussed to get optimal freeze-drying protocol with higher productivity. This review highlights the practicality of the above techniques through expounding basic principles, typical measurement conditions, merits and drawbacks, interpretation of results and practical applications, etc. At last, the techniques used for residual moisture detection of lyophilized products and size determination after liposome rehydration are briefly introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Qikun Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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26
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Zhang ZC, Raab SA, Hales DA, Clemmer DE. Influence of Solvents upon Diketopiperazine Formation of FPG8K. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:2952-2959. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-chao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Shannon A. Raab
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - David A. Hales
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, Conway, Arkansas 72032, United States
| | - David E. Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
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27
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Marschall C, Witt M, Hauptmeier B, Friess W. Powder suspensions in non-aqueous vehicles for delivery of therapeutic proteins. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 161:37-49. [PMID: 33548460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Formulating biopharmaceuticals is a challenging task due to their complex and sensitive nature. Protein drugs are typically marketed either as an aqueous solution or as a lyophilizate. Usually aqueous solutions are preferred as neither drying nor reconstitution are required. But it may be unfeasible if the protein features low stability. An interesting alternative to avoid at least reconstitution are protein powder suspensions in non-aqueous vehicles. Such formulations combine the ready-to-use approach with the high protein stability in the solid state. Additionally, protein powder suspensions offer a potentially lower viscosity compared to aqueous solutions at high protein concentrations. Besides injection, other application routes might also benefit from the protein powder approach such as topical or inhalational delivery. Protein powders, which can be dispersed in the non-aqueous suspension vehicle, are usually prepared by spray-drying or freeze-drying with an additional milling step, but other techniques have also been described in literature. An ideal powder preparation technique results in minimum protein damage and yields particle sizes in the lower micrometre range and homogeneous particle size distribution enabling subcutaneous or intramuscular injection through hypodermic needles. As suspension vehicles traditional non-aqueous injectable liquids, such as plant oils, may be selected. But they show an inherent high viscosity, which can lead to unacceptable glide forces during injection. Furthermore, the vehicle should provide high product stability with respect to protein integrity and suspension resuspendability. This review will describe how proteins can be formulated as protein powder suspensions in non-aqueous vehicles for subcutaneous injection including potential vehicles, protein powder preparation techniques, protein and suspension physical stability, as well as the use in the field of high concentration protein formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Marschall
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmceutics, Butenandtstraße 5, D-81377 München, Germany; AbbVie Deutschland GmbH, Knollstraße 50, D-67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany(1)
| | - Madlen Witt
- Novaliq GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany(1)
| | - Bernhard Hauptmeier
- Novaliq GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim, Vetmedica GmbH, Binger Straße 173, D-55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany(1)
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmceutics, Butenandtstraße 5, D-81377 München, Germany.
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28
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Hales JE, Aoudjane S, Aeppli G, Dalby PA. Proof-of-concept analytical instrument for label-free optical deconvolution of protein species in a mixture. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461968. [PMID: 33611116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The adoption of process analytical technologies by the biopharmaceutical industry can reduce the cost of therapeutic drugs and facilitate investigation of new bioprocesses. Control of critical process parameters to retain critical product quality attributes within strict bounds is important for ensuring a consistently high product quality, but developing the sophisticated analytical technologies required has proven to be a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate a new optical technique for continuous monitoring of protein species as they are eluted from a chromatographic column, even when they fully co-elute with other protein species, without making any assumption about or peak-fitting to the elution profile. To achieve this, we designed and constructed a time-resolved intrinsic fluorescence lifetime chromatograph, and established an analytical framework for deconvolving and quantifying distinct but co-eluting protein species in real time. This proof-of-concept technology has potentially useful applications as a process analytical technology and more generally as an analytical technique for label-free quantification of proteins in mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Hales
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Samir Aoudjane
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gabriel Aeppli
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Paul A Dalby
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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29
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The forgotten sugar: A review on multifarious applications of melezitose. Carbohydr Res 2021; 500:108248. [PMID: 33529787 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although, 187 years elapsed after the discovery of melezitose, it is a high time to deduce some solid applications as there are only 13 more years left to celebrate a double century of this sugar. The forgotten sugar has multifarious applications; it is used as a metabolic marker to differentiate melezitose fermenting microorganisms, as a carbon source to culture specific microorganisms, as a potential surfactant and excipient to stabilize pharmaceuticals, as a lyoprotectant or cryoprotectant for several industrial applications, as an edibility enhancer in food industry, as a hair smoothening agent in cosmetic industry, and provide protective & nourishing effects in fisheries and aquaculture industries. In entomological research, it is used to study niche differentiation, increased longevity of insects and also as a biocontrol agent. This review brings out the best possible applications of melezitose and present in the form of a mnemonic to remember this forgotten sugar.
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30
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Economidou SN, Pissinato Pere CP, Okereke M, Douroumis D. Optimisation of Design and Manufacturing Parameters of 3D Printed Solid Microneedles for Improved Strength, Sharpness, and Drug Delivery. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12020117. [PMID: 33499301 PMCID: PMC7912255 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
3D printing has emerged as a powerful manufacturing technology and has attracted significant attention for the fabrication of microneedle (MN)-mediated transdermal systems. In this work, we describe an optimisation strategy for 3D-printed MNs, ranging from the design to the drug delivery stage. The key relationships between design and manufacturing parameters and quality and performance are systematically explored. The printing and post-printing set parameters were found to influence quality and material mechanical properties, respectively. It was demonstrated that the MN geometry affected piercing behaviour, fracture, and coating morphology. The delivery of insulin in porcine skin by inkjet-coated MNs was shown to be influenced by MN design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N. Economidou
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Medway Campus, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
- Correspondence: (S.N.E.); (D.D.)
| | - Cristiane P. Pissinato Pere
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Medway Campus, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
| | - Michael Okereke
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- CIPER Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
- Correspondence: (S.N.E.); (D.D.)
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31
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Guckeisen T, Hosseinpour S, Peukert W. Effect of pH and urea on the proteins secondary structure at the water/air interface and in solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 590:38-49. [PMID: 33524719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The secondary structure of proteins affects their functionality and performance in physiological environments or industrial applications. Change of the solution pH or the presence of protein denaturants are the main chemical means that can alter the secondary structure of proteins or lead to protein denaturation. Since proteins in the bulk solution and those residing at the solution/air interface experience different local environments, their response to chemical denaturation can be different. EXPERIMENTS We utilize circular dichroism and chiral/achiral sum frequency generation spectroscopy to study the secondary structure of selected proteins as a function of the solution pH or in the presence of 8 M urea in the bulk solution and at the solution/air interface, respectively. FINDINGS The liquid/air interface can enhance or decrease protein conformation stability. The change in the secondary structure of the surface adsorbed proteins in alkaline solutions occurs at pH values lower than those denaturing the studied proteins in the bulk solution. In contrast, while 8 M urea completely denatures the studied proteins in the bulk solution, the liquid/air interface prevents the urea-induced denaturation of the surface adsorbed proteins by limiting the access of urea to the hydrophobic side chains of proteins protruding to air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Guckeisen
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität-Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Saman Hosseinpour
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität-Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität-Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Butreddy A, Janga KY, Ajjarapu S, Sarabu S, Dudhipala N. Instability of therapeutic proteins - An overview of stresses, stabilization mechanisms and analytical techniques involved in lyophilized proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:309-325. [PMID: 33275971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state is the preferred choice for storage of protein therapeutics to improve stability and preserve the biological activity by decreasing the physical and chemical degradation associated with liquid protein formulations. Lyophilization or freeze-drying is an effective drying method to overcome the instability problems of proteins. However, the processing steps (freezing, primary drying and secondary drying) involved in the lyophilization process can expose the proteins to various stress and harsh conditions, leading to denaturation, aggregation often a loss in activity of protein therapeutics. Stabilizers such as sugars and surfactants are often added to protect the proteins against physical stress associated with lyophilization process and storage conditions. Another way to curtail the degradation of proteins due to process related stress is by modification of the lyophilization process. Slow freezing, high nucleation temperature, decreasing the extent of supercooling, and annealing can minimize the formation of the interface (ice-water) by producing large ice crystals with less surface area, thereby preserving the native structure and stability of the proteins. Hence, a thorough understanding of formulation composition, lyophilization process parameters and the choice of analytical methods to characterize and monitor the protein instability is crucial for development of stable therapeutic protein products. This review provides an overview of various stress conditions that proteins might encounter during lyophilization process, mechanisms to improve the stability and analytical techniques to tackle the proteins instability during both freeze-drying and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Butreddy
- Formulation R&D, Biological E. Limited, IKP Knowledge Park, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500078, India; Laboratory of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State 506009, India
| | - Karthik Yadav Janga
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State 506009, India
| | - Srinivas Ajjarapu
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Sandeep Sarabu
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State 506009, India
| | - Narendar Dudhipala
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State 506009, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy, Warangal, Telangana State 506 005, India..
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Impact of Silicone Oil on Free Fatty Acid Particle Formation due to Polysorbate 20 Degradation. Pharm Res 2020; 37:216. [PMID: 33029664 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polysorbate 20 (PS20), a commonly used surfactant in biopharmaceutical formulations, can undergo hydrolytic degradation resulting in free fatty acids (FFAs) that precipitate to form particles. This work investigates the ability for silicone oil (si-oil) coated on the interior walls of prefilled syringes (PFSs) to act as a sink for FFAs and potentially delay FFA particle formation. METHODS Myristic acid distribution coefficient was measured in a two-phase system containing si-oil and formulation buffer at a range of aqueous conditions. An empirical model was built from these data to predict distribution coefficient based on aqueous conditions. To verify the model, PS20 was degraded using model lipases side-by-side in glass vials and PFSs while monitoring sub-visible particles. RESULTS The empirical model demonstrates that the partitioning of myristic acid into si-oil is maximized at low pH and low PS20 concentration. The model predicts that the presence of si-oil at levels typical in PFSs provides at most an 8.5% increase in the total carrying capacity for myristic acid compared to a non-coated glass vial. The time to onset of FFA particles was equivalent between degradations performed in two PFS models coated with differing levels of silicone oil and in non-coated glass vials. CONCLUSION Herein, we demonstrate that FFAs partition from aqueous solution into si-oil. However, the extent of the partitioning effect is not large enough to delay PS20-related FFA particle formation at typical formulation conditions (pH 5.0-7.5, 0.01% - 0.1% w/v PS20) filled in typical PFSs (<1.0 mg si-oil/mL aqueous fill).
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Govender K, Naicker T, Baijnath S, Chuturgoon AA, Abdul NS, Docrat T, Kruger HG, Govender T. Sub/supercritical fluid chromatography employing water-rich modifier enables the purification of biosynthesized human insulin. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1155:122126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wei L, Shirakashi R. Effect of Relaxation Times in a Preservative Solution on Protein Deterioration Rate. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8741-8749. [PMID: 32902981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between the deterioration of the enzymatic activity of the protein in a preservative solution and the molecular mobility of the preservative solution was experimentally investigated by dielectric spectroscopy and a protein deterioration test. Dielectric spectroscopy was used to observe the molecular mobilities in the preservative solutions including various ratios of two protective agents, trehalose and ε-poly-l-lysine, at 40 °C. We also examined the enzymatic activity of l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at 40 °C for 40 days to obtain the deterioration rate of LDH in the same preservative solutions. Our experimental results reveal that (1) three relaxation times of water molecular motion are detected by dielectric spectroscopy that we categorize into bulky water (relaxation time of 10 ps), weakly hydration water (relaxation time of tens to hundreds of picoseconds), and strongly hydration water (relaxation time of hundreds of picoseconds to tens of microseconds) and (2) the deterioration rate of LDH has a power-law relationship with the relaxation times of bulky and hydration water with specific power indices. The results also support the protein stabilization theory of high viscosity and the practical advantage of predicting the shelf life of proteins in the preservative solution by the relaxation time of water measured by dielectric spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wei
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Ryo Shirakashi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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Abstract
The reversibility of solid-state hydrogen-deuterium exchange (ssHDX) and the effects of prehydration on the rate and extent of deuterium incorporation were evaluated using poly-d,l-alanine (PDLA) peptides colyophilized with various excipients. In prehydration studies, samples were equilibrated at a controlled relative humidity (6% or 11% RH) for 12 h and then transferred to corresponding D2O humidity conditions (6% or 11% RD) for deuterium labeling. In amorphous samples, the rate and extent of deuterium incorporation were similar in prehydrated samples and controls not subjected to prehydration. In reversibility studies, PDLA samples were maximally deuterated in controlled D2O humidity conditions (6% or 11% RD) and then transferred to corresponding H2O relative humidity (0%, 6%, 11%, or 43% RH). Hysteresis in deuterium removal was observed when compared with the deuterium incorporation kinetics for all formulations and conditions, confirming that the reaction is reversible in the solid state and that the forward and reverse processes differ. The extent of deuterium loss reached a plateau that depended on the delabeling relative humidity. Reverse reaction rate constants were quantified using a first-order kinetic model, a limiting case of the reversible first-order model applicable under sink conditions. For other conditions, plateau (steady-state) deuteration levels were related to forward and reverse rate constants in a reversible first-order kinetic model. The results support a mechanistic interpretation of ssHDX kinetics as a reversible first-order process, in which the forward (deuteration) rate depends on the activity of the deuterium donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashekar Kammari
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Topp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Belfield, Blackrock, Co., Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
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Le Guyader G, Vieillard V, Mouraud S, Do B, Marabelle A, Paul M. Stability of nivolumab in its original vials after opening and handing in normal saline bag for intravenous infusion. Eur J Cancer 2020; 135:192-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Wu P, Li M, Kan Y, Wu X, Li H. Impurities identification and quantification for calcitonin salmon by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113271. [PMID: 32247161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin salmon is an important peptide pharmaceutical, which is mainly used for the treatment of osteoporosis and hypercalcemia. Structurally related peptide impurities in a peptide pharmaceutical probably have side effect or even toxicity, thus needs to be carefully characterized according to pharmacopoeia. With the improvement of analytical techniques, liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) has become a pivotal technique for the identification and quantification of structurally related peptide impurities in peptide materials. In this study, an LC-HRMS-based method has been developed for the identification and quantification of structurally related peptide impurities in calcitonin salmon material. With this method, 7 peptide impurities (> 1 mg/g) in United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) reference standard and 9 peptide impurities (> 1 mg/g) in European Pharmacopoeia (EP) reference standard were identified and accurately quantified. Besides the peptide impurities reported by USP and EP, several new impurities such as [7-Dehydroalanine] calcitonin salmon, triple-sulfate-calcitonin salmon, [26-Proline] calcitonin salmon, [14-Glutamic acid] calcitonin salmon, [20-Glutamic acid] calcitonin salmon, [26-Aspartic acid] calcitonin salmon, calcitonin salmon acid were observed in the reference standard materials studied. The total mass fractions of all structurally related peptide impurities in calcitonin salmon study materials were estimated to be 57.4 mg/g for USP and 46.3 mg/g for EP with associated expended uncertainties at a 95 % confidence level of 5.2 mg/g (k = 2) and 3.1 mg/g (k = 2), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peize Wu
- Division of Chemical Metrology & Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology & Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Ying Kan
- Division of Chemical Metrology & Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xue Wu
- Division of Chemical Metrology & Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology & Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Rapid methodology for basal system selection of therapeutic proteins during the early stage biopharmaceutical development. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Yokota H, Kadowaki M, Matsuura T, Imanaka H, Ishida N, Imamura K. The Use of a Combination of a Sugar and Surfactant to Stabilize Au Nanoparticle Dispersion against Aggregation during Freeze-Drying. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6698-6705. [PMID: 32466652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drying a suspension of nanoparticles typically results in the irreversible aggregation of nanoparticles; however, solutions that contain unstable ingredients are often converted into dried powders to prolong their shelf lives. In this study, the use of a combination of a surface-active agent and sugar was investigated with regard to avoiding the aggregation of nanoparticles during drying. Suspensions of Au nanoparticles (∼60 nm diameter, AuNPs) were freeze-dried in the presence of different combinations of various sugars with a surfactant. Sucrose monopalmitate (SEC16) was mainly used as the surfactant, based on a comparison of antiaggregation effects conferred by various surfactants. The freeze-dried AuNP suspension was then reconstituted, and the avoidance of AuNP aggregation was then examined. The results demonstrated that the use of a combination of a small amount of SEC16 and sugar resulted in a greater redispersibility of AuNPs after freeze-drying than when the individual components were used. Repetition tests of freeze-drying and reconstitution were conducted. The sucrose/SEC16 mixture was freeze-dried on an electroless-plated Au film and then analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Strong interactions between SEC16 and the Au surface were detected, and these interactions appear to play a crucial role in the antiaggregation of AuNPs during freeze-drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Yokota
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Miki Kadowaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tsutashi Matsuura
- Mitsubishi-Chemical Foods Co., 1-1-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8251, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imanaka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ishida
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Koreyoshi Imamura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Zhang J, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Yu Z, Wang G, Li Y, Ye X, Li C, Lin X, Song H. sRNA-Based Screening Chromosomal Gene Targets and Modular Designing Escherichia coli for High-Titer Production of Aglycosylated Immunoglobulin G. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1385-1394. [PMID: 32396719 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The production of the aglycosylated immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Escherichia coli has received wide interest for its analytical and therapeutic applications. To enhance the production titer of IgG, we first used synthetic sRNAs to perform a systematical analysis of the gene expression in the translational level in the glycolytic pathway (module 1) and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (module 2) to reveal the critical genes for the efficient IgG production. Second, to provide sufficient amino acid precursors for the protein biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis pathways (module 3) were enhanced to facilitate the IgG production. Upon integrated engineering of these genes in the three modules (module 1, aceF; module 2, gltA and acnA; module 3, serB) and optimization of fermentation conditions, the recombinant E. coli enabled a titer of the full-assembled IgG of 4.5 ± 0.6 mg/L in flask cultures and 184 ± 9.2 mg/L in the 5 L high cell density fed-batch fermenter, which is, as far as we know, the highest reported titer of IgG production in recombinant E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yanshu Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yingxiu Cao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhenpeng Yu
- Yangzhou Lianao Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and Yangzhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Wanmei Road No. 5, Hanjiang Economic Development Zone, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225100, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Yangzhou Lianao Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and Yangzhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Wanmei Road No. 5, Hanjiang Economic Development Zone, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225100, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Yangzhou Lianao Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and Yangzhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Wanmei Road No. 5, Hanjiang Economic Development Zone, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiong Ye
- Yangzhou Lianao Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and Yangzhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Wanmei Road No. 5, Hanjiang Economic Development Zone, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225100, P. R. China
| | - Congfa Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xue Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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Baud FJ, Houzé P, Raphalen JH, Winchenne A, Philippe P, Carli P, Lamhaut L. Diafiltration flowrate is a determinant of the extent of adsorption of amikacin in renal replacement therapy using the ST150®-AN69 filter: An in vitro study. Int J Artif Organs 2020; 43:758-766. [DOI: 10.1177/0391398820911928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In continuous renal replacement therapy, conduction and convection are controlled allowing prescribing dosage regimen improving survival. In contrast, adsorption is an uncontrolled property altering drug disposition. Whether adsorption depends on flowrates is unknown. We hypothesized an in vitro model may provide information in conditions mimicking continuous renal replacement therapy in humans. Methods: ST150®-AN69 filter and Prismaflex dialyzer, Baxter-Gambro were used. Simulated blood flowrate was set at 200 mL/min. The flowrates in the filtration (continuous filtration), dialysis (continuous dialysis), and diafiltration (continuous diafiltration) were 1500, 2500, and 4000 mL/h, respectively. Routes of elimination were assessed using NeckEpur® analysis. Results: The percentages of the total amount eliminated by continuous filtration, continuous dialysis, and continuous diafiltration were 82%, 86%, and 94%, respectively. Elimination by effluents and adsorption accounted for 42% ± 7% and 58% ± 5%, 57% ± 7% and 43% ± 6%, and 84% ± 6% and 16% ± 6% of amikacin elimination, respectively. There was a linear regression between flowrates and amikacin clearance: Y = 0.6 X ± 1.7 (R2 = 0.9782). Conversely, there was a linear inverse correlation between the magnitude of amikacin adsorption and flowrate: Y = –16.9 X ± 84.1 (R2 = 0.9976). Conclusion: Low flowrates resulted in predominant elimination by adsorption, accounting for 58% of the elimination of amikacin from the central compartment in the continuous filtration mode at 1500 mL/h of flowrate. Thereafter, the greater the flowrate, the lower the adsorption of amikacin in a linear manner. Flowrate is a major determinant of adsorption of amikacin. There was an about 17% decrease in the rate of adsorption per increase in the flowrate of 1 L/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Joseph Baud
- Department of Anesthesiology an Intensive Care Medicine, Adult Intensive Care Unit, SAMU de Paris, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- EA7323, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Houzé
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
- UMR8258 – U1022, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Herlé Raphalen
- Department of Anesthesiology an Intensive Care Medicine, Adult Intensive Care Unit, SAMU de Paris, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Winchenne
- Department of Anesthesiology an Intensive Care Medicine, Adult Intensive Care Unit, SAMU de Paris, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Philippe
- Department of Anesthesiology an Intensive Care Medicine, Adult Intensive Care Unit, SAMU de Paris, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Carli
- Department of Anesthesiology an Intensive Care Medicine, Adult Intensive Care Unit, SAMU de Paris, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Lamhaut
- Department of Anesthesiology an Intensive Care Medicine, Adult Intensive Care Unit, SAMU de Paris, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Wiegand T, Lacabanne D, Torosyan A, Boudet J, Cadalbert R, Allain FHT, Meier BH, Böckmann A. Sedimentation Yields Long-Term Stable Protein Samples as Shown by Solid-State NMR. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:17. [PMID: 32154263 PMCID: PMC7047159 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, the sedimentation of proteins into a magic-angle spinning (MAS) rotor gives access to fast and reliable sample preparation for solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and this has allowed for the investigation of a variety of non-crystalline protein samples. High protein concentrations on the order of 400 mg/mL can be achieved, meaning that around 50–60% of the NMR rotor content is protein; the rest is a buffer solution, which includes counter ions to compensate for the charge of the protein. We have demonstrated herein the long-term stability of four sedimented proteins and complexes thereof with nucleotides, comprising a bacterial DnaB helicase, an ABC transporter, an archaeal primase, and an RNA polymerase subunit. Solid-state NMR spectra recorded directly after sample filling and up to 5 years later indicated no spectral differences and no loss in signal intensity, allowing us to conclude that protein sediments in the rotor can be stable over many years. We have illustrated, using an example of an ABC transporter, that not only the structure is maintained, but that the protein is still functional after long-term storage in the sedimented state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julien Boudet
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Frédéric H-T Allain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat H Meier
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Böckmann
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
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Bajtai A, Ilisz I, Howan DH, Tóth GK, Scriba GK, Lindner W, Péter A. Enantioselective resolution of biologically active dipeptide analogs by high-performance liquid chromatography applying Cinchona alkaloid-based ion-exchanger chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1611:460574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Das TK, Narhi LO, Sreedhara A, Menzen T, Grapentin C, Chou DK, Antochshuk V, Filipe V. Stress Factors in mAb Drug Substance Production Processes: Critical Assessment of Impact on Product Quality and Control Strategy. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:116-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Development of hydrogel-like biomaterials via nanoparticle assembly and solid-hydrogel transformation. J Control Release 2019; 318:185-196. [PMID: 31857102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels for biomedical applications such as controlled drug release are usually synthesized with the chemical or physical crosslinking of monomers or macromers. In this work, we used gelatin to prepare hydrogel nanoparticles and studied whether gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) could assemble to form a solid biomaterial and whether this solid biomaterial was capable of transforming into a hydrogel upon introduction to a hydrated environment. The data show that GNPs with or without aptamer functionalization could form a nanoparticle-assembled porous solid biomaterial after freezing and lyophilization treatment. This formation did not need any additional crosslinking reactions. More importantly, this solid biomaterial could undergo solid-to-hydrogel transition after contacting a solution and this transformation was tunable to match different shapes and geometries of defined molds. The formed hydrogel could also sequester and release growth factors for the promotion of skin wound healing. Thus, GNP-assembled solid biomaterials hold great potential as an off-the-shelf therapy for biomedical application such as drug delivery and regenerative medicine.
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Gitter JH, Geidobler R, Presser I, Winter G. Microwave-Assisted Freeze-Drying of Monoclonal Antibodies: Product Quality Aspects and Storage Stability. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E674. [PMID: 31842296 PMCID: PMC6956074 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to overcome the downside of long conventional freeze-drying (CFD) process times for monoclonal antibody formulations, microwave-assisted freeze-drying (MFD) was introduced. Recently, the general applicability and potential shortening of drying times were shown. However, little is known about the storage stability of MFD products compared to CFD references. Additionally, batch homogeneity issues were seen within MFD in the past. In this study, we examined four different formulations of two different monoclonal antibodies using three different glass-forming excipients: sucrose, trehalose, and arginine phosphate. These formulations were freeze-dried with two different drying protocols (CFD and MFD), stored for 24 weeks, and analyzed for solid-state and protein-related quality attributes. Moreover, a new microwave generator setup was investigated for its potential to improve batch homogeneity. In all investigated formulations, comparable stability profiles were found, although the classical magnetron generator led to inferior batch homogeneity with respect to residual moisture distribution. In contrast, the new MFD setup indicated the potential to approximate batch homogeneity to the level of CFD. However, for future applications, there is an unabated need for new machine designs to comply with pharmaceutical manufacturing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hendryk Gitter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Raimund Geidobler
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Ingo Presser
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Zhang L, Shen Y, Lu W, Guo L, Xiang M, Zhang D. Preparation and Characterization of β-glucosidase Films for Stabilization and Handling in Dry Configurations. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 21:741-747. [PMID: 31793420 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191202145351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the stability of proteins is of significance to maintain protein function for therapeutical applications, this remains a challenge. Herein, a general method of preserving protein stability and function was developed using gelatin films. METHODS Enzymes immobilized onto films composed of gelatin and Ethylene Glycol (EG) were developed to study their ability to stabilize proteins. As a model functional protein, β-glucosidase was selected. The tensile properties, microstructure, and crystallization behavior of the gelatin films were assessed. RESULTS Our results indicated that film configurations can preserve the activity of β-glucosidase under rigorous conditions (75% relative humidity and 37°C for 47 days). In both control films and films containing 1.8 % β-glucosidase, tensile strength increased with increased EG content, whilst the elongation at break increased initially, then decreased over time. The presence of β-glucosidase had a negligible influence on tensile strength and elongation at break. Scanning electron-microscopy (SEM) revealed that with increasing EG content or decreasing enzyme concentrations, a denser microstructure was observed. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the dry film is a promising candidate to maintain protein stabilization and handling. The configuration is convenient and cheap, and thus applicable to protein storage and transportation processes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medicinal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Lengqiu Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Qin X, Yu C, Wei J, Li L, Zhang C, Wu Q, Liu J, Yao SQ, Huang W. Rational Design of Nanocarriers for Intracellular Protein Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902791. [PMID: 31496027 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein/antibody therapeutics have exhibited the advantages of high specificity and activity even at an extremely low concentration compared to small molecule drugs. However, they are accompanied by unfavorable physicochemical properties such as fragile tertiary structure, large molecular size, and poor penetration of the membrane, and thus the clinical use of protein drugs is hindered by inefficient delivery of proteins into the host cells. To overcome the challenges associated with protein therapeutics and enhance their biopharmaceutical applications, various protein-loaded nanocarriers with desired functions, such as lipid nanocapsules, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, and peptides, are developed. In this review, the different strategies for intracellular delivery of proteins are comprehensively summarized. Their designed routes, mechanisms of action, and potential therapeutics in live cells or in vivo are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the perspective on the new generation of delivery systems toward the emerging area of protein-based therapeutics is presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
| | - Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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Bandi S, Singh SM, Shah DD, Upadhyay V, Mallela KM. 2D NMR Analysis of the Effect of Asparagine Deamidation Versus Methionine Oxidation on the Structure, Stability, Aggregation, and Function of a Therapeutic Protein. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4621-4635. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Surinder M. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Dinen D. Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Vaibhav Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Krishna M.G. Mallela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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