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Paštová L, Belyayev A, Mahelka V. Molecular cytogenetic characterisation of Elytrigia ×mucronata, a natural hybrid of E. intermedia and E. repens (Triticeae, Poaceae). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:230. [PMID: 31151385 PMCID: PMC6544950 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interspecific hybridisation resulting in polyploidy is one of the major driving forces in plant evolution. Here, we present data from the molecular cytogenetic analysis of three cytotypes of Elytrigia ×mucronata using sequential fluorescence (5S rDNA, 18S rDNA and pSc119.2 probes) and genomic in situ hybridisation (four genomic probes of diploid taxa, i.e., Aegilops, Dasypyrum, Hordeum and Pseudoroegneria). RESULTS The concurrent presence of Hordeum (descended from E. repens) and Dasypyrum + Aegilops (descended from E. intermedia) chromosome sets in all cytotypes of E. ×mucronata confirmed the assumed hybrid origin of the analysed plants. The following different genomic constitutions were observed for E. ×mucronata. Hexaploid plants exhibited three chromosome sets from Pseudoroegneria and one chromosome set each from Aegilops, Hordeum and Dasypyrum. Heptaploid plants harboured the six chromosome sets of the hexaploid plants and an additional Pseudoroegneria chromosome set. Nonaploid cytotypes differed in their genomic constitutions, reflecting different origins through the fusion of reduced and unreduced gametes. The hybridisation patterns of repetitive sequences (5S rDNA, 18S rDNA, and pSc119.2) in E. ×mucronata varied between and within cytotypes. Chromosome alterations that were not identified in the parental species were found in both heptaploid and some nonaploid plants. CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed that both homoploid hybridisation and heteroploid hybridisation that lead to the coexistence of four different haplomes within single hybrid genomes occur in Elytrigia allopolyploids. The chromosomal alterations observed in both heptaploid and some nonaploid plants indicated that genome restructuring occurs during and/or after the hybrids arose. Moreover, a specific chromosomal translocation detected in one of the nonaploids indicated that it was not a primary hybrid. Therefore, at least some of the hybrids are fertile. Hybridisation in Triticeae allopolyploids clearly and significantly contributes to genomic diversity. Different combinations of parental haplomes coupled with chromosomal alterations may result in the establishment of unique lineages, thus providing raw material for selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislava Paštová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Belyayev
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Mahelka
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
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Wang L, Shi Q, Su H, Wang Y, Sha L, Fan X, Kang H, Zhang H, Zhou Y. St 2-80: a new FISH marker for St genome and genome analysis in Triticeae. Genome 2017; 60:553-563. [PMID: 28314114 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2016-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The St genome is one of the most fundamental genomes in Triticeae. Repetitive sequences are widely used to distinguish different genomes or species. The primary objectives of this study were to (i) screen a new sequence that could easily distinguish the chromosome of the St genome from those of other genomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and (ii) investigate the genome constitution of some species that remain uncertain and controversial. We used degenerated oligonucleotide primer PCR (Dop-PCR), Dot-blot, and FISH to screen for a new marker of the St genome and to test the efficiency of this marker in the detection of the St chromosome at different ploidy levels. Signals produced by a new FISH marker (denoted St2-80) were present on the entire arm of chromosomes of the St genome, except in the centromeric region. On the contrary, St2-80 signals were present in the terminal region of chromosomes of the E, H, P, and Y genomes. No signal was detected in the A and B genomes, and only weak signals were detected in the terminal region of chromosomes of the D genome. St2-80 signals were obvious and stable in chromosomes of different genomes, whether diploid or polyploid. Therefore, St2-80 is a potential and useful FISH marker that can be used to distinguish the St genome from those of other genomes in Triticeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- b State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Handong Su
- b State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Wang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Sha
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,c Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Crop Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ding XL, Xu TL, Wang J, Luo L, Yu C, Dong GM, Pan HT, Zhang QX. Distribution of 45S rDNA in Modern Rose Cultivars (Rosa hybrida), Rosa rugosa, and Their Interspecific Hybrids Revealed by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization. Cytogenet Genome Res 2016; 149:226-235. [PMID: 27498385 DOI: 10.1159/000448063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the evolutionary dynamics of the location and number of rDNA loci in the process of polyploidization in the genus Rosa, we examined 45S rDNA sites in the chromosomes of 6 modern rose cultivars (R. hybrida), 5 R. rugosa cultivars, and 20 hybrid progenies by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Variation in the number of rDNA sites in parents and their interspecific hybrids was detected. As expected, 4 rDNA sites were observed in the genomes of 4 modern rose cultivars, while 3 hybridization sites were observed in the 2 others. Two expected rDNA sites were found in 2 R. rugosa cultivars, while in the other 3 R. rugosa cultivars 4 sites were present. Among the 20 R. hybrida × R. rugosa offspring, 13 carried the expected number of rDNA sites, and 1 had 6 hybridization sites, which exceeded the expected number by far. The other 6 offspring had either 2 or 3 hybridization sites, which was less than expected. Differences in the number of rDNA loci were observed in interspecific offspring, indicating that rDNA loci exhibit instability after distant hybridization events. Abnormal chromosome pairing may be the main factor explaining the variation in rDNA sites during polyploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liu Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
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Ellneskog-Staam P, Salomon B, von Bothmer R, Anamthawat-Jónsson K. The genome composition of hexaploid Psammopyrum athericum and octoploid Psammopyrum pungens (Poaceae: Triticeae). Genome 2003; 46:164-9. [PMID: 12669809 DOI: 10.1139/g02-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The genomic constitution of two species in the genus Psammopyrum, i.e., Ps. athericum (2n = 6x = 42) and Ps. pungens (2n = 8x = 56), was studied by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). In Ps. athericum, one diploid chromosome set hybridized to a genomic probe from Pseudoroegneria ferganensis (St genome), one diploid set to a probe from Agropyron cristatum (P genome), and one diploid set to a probe from Thinopyrum junceiforme (EbEe genomes) or Th. bessarabicum (Eb genome). Substituting the St-genome probe with an L-genome probe from Festucopsis serpentinii resulted in exactly the same hybridization pattern, suggesting a genomic constitution of EStP or ELP for Ps. athericum. The same probes used on Ps. pungens showed two diploid sets of chromosomes hybridizing to the St-genome probe, one diploid set hybridizing to the P-genome probe, and one diploid set hybridizing to the EbEe-genome probe. The L-genome probe hybridized to approximately 14 of the chromosomes that were labeled by the St-genome probe. Hence the genomic constitution for Ps. pungens is proposed to be EStStP or EStLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Ellneskog-Staam
- Department of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 44, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
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Anamthawat-Jónsson K. Molecular cytogenetics of introgressive hybridization in plants. METHODS IN CELL SCIENCE : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR IN VITRO BIOLOGY 2002; 23:139-48. [PMID: 11741151 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0330-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Introgressive hybridization (introgression) is genetic modification of one species by another through hybridization and repeated backcrossing. Introgression is important in the evolution of flowering plants. It is also important in plant breeding where a desirable trait can be transferred from wild to crop species. One of the most recent advances in molecular techniques for studying hybridization and introgression is in situ hybridization of genomic probes to cytological preparations (GISH, genomic in situ hybridization). The present paper describes a successful GISH protocol for detection of intergenomic introgression in breeding materials and in allopolyploid species. In addition, the paper introduces a new possibility of using dispersed repeats to detect introgression and to gain insights into its molecular basis. The approach is referred to as dFISH for dispersed fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the best candidate for this type of probes is probably a retroelement. Southern hybridization data are also presented to support the effectiveness of GISH and dFISH for introgression mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Anamthawat-Jónsson
- Department of Biology, University of Iceland, Grensásvegi 12, Reykjavík 108, Iceland.
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