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Pal K, Ramkrishna D, Nagy ZK. Mathematical Modeling of Emulsion Solvent Diffusion for Spherical Crystallization: How To Deconvolute Primary Crystal Size Distribution from Agglomerate Size Distribution? Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanjakha Pal
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Doraiswami Ramkrishna
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zoltan K. Nagy
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Sun C, Gui Y, Hu R, Chen J, Wang B, Guo Y, Lu W, Nie X, Shen Q, Gao S, Fang W. Preparation and Pharmacokinetics Evaluation of Solid Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System (S-SMEDDS) of Osthole. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2301-2310. [PMID: 29845504 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was performed aiming to enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug osthole by formulating solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) via spherical crystallization technique. Firstly, the liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (L-SMEDDS) of osthole was formulated with castor oil, Cremophor RH40, and 1,2-propylene glycol after screening various lipids and emulsifiers. The type and amount of polymeric materials, good solvents, bridging agents, and poor solvents in S-SMEDDS formulations were further determined by single-factor study. The optimal formulation contained 1:2 of ethyl cellulose (EC) and Eudragit S100, which served as matrix forming and enteric coating polymers respectively. Anhydrous ethanol and dichloromethane with a ratio of 5:3 are required to perform as good solvent and bridging agent, respectively, with the addition of 0.08% SDS aqueous solution as poor solvent. The optimized osthole S-SMEDDS had a high yield (83.91 ± 3.31%) and encapsulation efficiency (78.39 ± 2.25%). Secondly, osthole L-SMEDDS was solidified to osthole S-SMEDDS with no significant changes in terms of morphology, particle size, and zeta potential. In vitro release study demonstrated a sustained release of the drug from osthole S-SMEDDS. Moreover, in vivo pharmacokinetic study showed that the Tmax and mean residence time (MRT(0-t)) of osthole were significantly prolonged and further confirmed that osthole S-SMEDDS exhibited sustained release effect in rabbits. Comparing with osthole aqueous suspension and L-SMEDDS, osthole S-SMEDDS increased bioavailability by 205 and 152%, respectively. The results suggested that S-SMEDDS was an effective oral solid dosage form, which can improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug osthole.
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Jain A, Jain A, Jain A, Jain A. Quasi emulsion spherical crystallization technique based environmentally responsive Tulsion ® (pH dependent) microspheres for colon specific delivery. J Appl Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
AIM Spherical crystallization is a process of formation of agglomerates of crystals held together by binder liquid. This research focused on understanding the effect of type of solvents used as binder liquid on the agglomeration of crystals. METHOD Carbamazepine and ethanol/water were used respectively as a model drug and crystallization system. Eight solvents as binder liquid including chloroform, dichloromethane, isopropyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, dimethyl aniline, benzene and toluene were examined to better understand the relationship between the physical properties of the binder liquid and its ability to bring about the formation of the agglomerates. Moreover, the agglomerates obtained from effective solvents as binder liquid were evaluated in term of size, apparent particle density and compressive strength. RESULTS In this study the clear trend was observed experimentally in the agglomerate formation as a function of physical properties of the binder liquid such as miscibility with crystallization system. Furthermore, the properties of obtained agglomerates such as size, apparent particle density and compressive strength were directly related to physical properties of effective binder liquids. CONCLUSION RESULTS of this study offer a useful starting point for a conceptual framework to guide the selection of solvent systems for spherical crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Maghsoodi
- School of Pharmacy and Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Fodor-Kardos A, Toth J, Gyenis J. Preparation of protein loaded chitosan microparticles by combined precipitation and spherical agglomeration. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Aragón J, González R, Fuentes G, Palin L, Croce G, Viterbo D. In vitro release kinetics and physical, chemical and mechanical characterization of a POVIAC®/CaCO3/HAP-200 composite. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:259-270. [PMID: 22201028 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Coralline calcium-hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate from Porites Porites coral were added to a polymeric matrix based on polyvinyl acetate (POVIAC(®)), to obtain a novel bone substitute composite as well as a system for the controlled drug (cephalexin) release. Composite samples with different compositions were characterized by physical-chemical and mechanical methods. Furthermore, the in vitro release profile of cephalexin and the kinetic behavior of its release from these composites were analyzed by appropriate mathematical models. It was shown that there is no chemical interaction between the inorganic filler and the polymer matrix, each conserving the original properties of the raw materials. The compressive mechanical strength and Young modulus of the composite with 17.5% of POVIAC(®), has better mechanical properties than those of cancellous bone. The variation of POVIAC(®) content can affect the cephalexin release kinetic in the composite. The cephalexin release mechanism from the composites can be considered as the result of the joint contribution of a prevailing Fickian diffusion and of polymer chain relaxation. It was also demonstrated that cephalexin is occluded inside the composites and not on their surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aragón
- National Center for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba.
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Maghsoodi M, Sadeghpoor F. Preparation and evaluation of solid dispersions of piroxicam and Eudragit S100 by spherical crystallization technique. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:917-25. [PMID: 20180658 DOI: 10.3109/03639040903585127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve the dissolution rate of piroxicam (PX), enteric-release microparticles having solid dispersion (SD) structure were prepared in one step. METHODS SD of PX and Eudragit S100 (Eu S100) with the aid of silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200), as an antiadhesion agent, were prepared by spherical crystallization technique. The microparticles were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and were evaluated for yield, encapsulation efficiency, flowability, packability, and drug release (at pH 1.2 and pH 7.4). The samples were stored at severe condition [40 degrees C, 75% relative humidity (RH)] for 3 months to investigate their stability. The effects of the polymer-drug and polymer-Aerosil ratios on the characteristics of the microparticles were also investigated. RESULTS PX microparticles exhibited significantly improved micromeritic properties in comparison to the crystalline pure drug. The dissolution of drug from microparticles in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) indicated a significant increase in dissolution of PX when dispersed in Eu S100. The results of X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that in microparticles at 2:1 Eu S100:PX ratio the crystalline form of PX was disordered, suggesting that PX was highly dispersed in microparticles, as that in the amorphous state. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis demonstrated the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between PX and Eu S100 in SD. In stability test, the release profiles of the microparticles were unchanged as compared with the freshly prepared SDs; amorphous PX in the SD particles did not crystallize under storing at 40 degrees C, 75% RH for 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Maghsoodi
- Drug Applied Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Bakre LG, Jaiyeoba KT. Effects of drying methods on the physicochemical and compressional characteristics of Okra powder and the release properties of its metronidazole tablet formulation. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:259-67. [PMID: 19280157 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A study has been made of the effects of sun and oven drying methods on the physicochemical characteristics and compressibility of Okra powder and the release properties of its metronidazole tablet formulation. Corn starch was used as the reference standard. The mechanical properties of the tablets were evaluated using crushing strength and friability, while the release properties were determined using the disintegration times and dissolution rates. The results obtained showed that sun-dried Okra powder had smaller particle size, exhibited good flow and possessed higher hydration and swelling capacities compared to the oven dried samples. The compressibility of Okra powders assessed by the indices of plasticity from Heckel (Py) and Kawakita plots (Pk) showed that sun dried Okra powders had higher Py but lower Pk values than the oven-dried Okra powder. Metronidazole tablets formulated with oven dried Okra powder formed stronger tablets than tablets containing sun dried Okra powder. Generally, tablets containing sun dried Okra powders had faster disintegration and dissolution than tablets formulated with oven-dried powder. The results suggest that the choice of drying method during the processing of pharmaceutical raw materials is critical to its physicochemical properties and the release properties of its tablet formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Bakre
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Park JY, Lee IH, Bea GN. Optimization of the electrospinning conditions for preparation of nanofibers from polyvinylacetate (PVAc) in ethanol solvent. J IND ENG CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chow AHL, Leung MWM. A study of the Mechanisms of Wet Spherical Agglomeration of Pharmaceutical Powders. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049609042001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Literature Alerts. J Microencapsul 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/02652049509015292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Literature Alerts. J Microencapsul 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/02652049409051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gohe MC, Jogani PD. Exploration of melt granulation technique for the development of coprocessed directly compressible adjuvant containing lactose and microcrystalline cellulose. Pharm Dev Technol 2003; 8:175-85. [PMID: 12760568 DOI: 10.1081/pdt-120018487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to prepare and evaluate lactose and microcrystalline cellulose based, directly compressible adjuvant using melt granulation technique. The percentage of polymer blend (PVP K 30 and PEG 4000; 5, 10, or 15%) and the polymer blend ratio (9:1, 1:1, or 1:9) were selected as independent variables in a 3(2) full factorial design. The lactose and microcrystalline cellulose blend (3:1) was mixed with the meltable binder on a water bath at 90 degrees C. The agglomerates were cooled to 35 degrees C and subsequently passed through 30 mesh. A batch containing 12.5% of the polymer blend containing 1:9 ratio of PVP:PEG was used for further studies. In an another 3(2) full factorial design, disintegrant (crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, or sodium starch glycolate) and mode of addition of disintegrant (intragranular, extragranular, or combination of intragranular and extragranular) were used as independent variables. The agglomerates were evaluated for percentage fines and Carr's index. Tablets were prepared on a single-punch tablet machine, and they were evaluated for tensile strength, friability, and disintegration time. Regression analysis was carried out to evolve full and refined models. Contour plots are presented for graphical expression of the results. The use of composite index is demonstrated for the selection of an appropriate batch. The disintegration time of tablets reduced from 18 min to 6 min when 6% crospovidone was included in the product. The optimized adjuvant was characterized for particle size distribution, granular friability, Kawakita's and Kuno's equation, and dilution potential study. Turmeric, glycyrrhiza, acetaminophen, and metformin HCl were used as model drugs for the preparation of tablets. The present study underlines the fact that melt granulation technique may be adopted for the development of multifunctional directly compressible adjuvant for use in pharmaceuticals. The advantages of melt granulation technique over the classical wet granulation and spray-drying are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh C Gohe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, India.
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Cui F, Yang M, Jiang Y, Cun D, Lin W, Fan Y, Kawashima Y. Design of sustained-release nitrendipine microspheres having solid dispersion structure by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. J Control Release 2003; 91:375-84. [PMID: 12932715 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(03)00275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To improve the bioavailability of nitrendipine microspheres, a sustained-release microspheres having solid dispersion structure were prepared in one step. Two types of polymer, i.e. solid dispersing and sustained-release polymers, were employed to prepare the microspheres by the spherical crystallization technique, i.e. quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. The factors of effect on micromeritic properties and release profiles of the resultant microspheres were investigated. And the bioavailability of nitrendipine microspheres was evaluated in six healthy dogs. The results showed that the particle size of microspheres was determined mainly by the agitation speed. The dissolution rate of nitrendipine from microspheres was enhanced significantly with increasing the amount of dispersing agents, and sustained by adding retarding agents. The release rate of microspheres could be controlled as desired by adjusting the combination ratio of dispersing agents to retarding agents. The results of X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that the crystalline form of nitrendipine was disordered, suggesting that nitrendipine was highly dispersed in microspheres, so as amorphous state. The release profiles and content of the microspheres stored at a temperature of 40 degrees C and a relative humidity of 75% were unchanged during 3 months of accelerating condition of storage. And the relative bioavailability of the sustained-release microspheres compared with the Baypress tablets and the conventional tablets was 107.78% and 309.82%. In conclusion, the sustained-release microspheres with solid dispersion structure improved the bioavailability of the water insoluble drug and prolonged the Tmax value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fude Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China.
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Shao ZJ, Farooqi MI, Diaz S, Krishna AK, Muhammad NA. Effects of formulation variables and post-compression curing on drug release from a new sustained-release matrix material: polyvinylacetate-povidone. Pharm Dev Technol 2001; 6:247-54. [PMID: 11416999 DOI: 10.1081/pdt-100002201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A new commercially available sustained-release matrix material, Kollidon SR, composed of polyvinylacetate and povidone, was evaluated with respect to its ability to modulate the in vitro release of a highly water-soluble model compound, diphenhydramine HCl. Kollidon SR was found to provide a sustained-release effect for the model compound, with certain formulation and processing variables playing an important role in controlling its release kinetics. Formulation variables affecting the release include the level of the polymeric material in the matrix, excipient level, as well as the nature of the excipients (water soluble vs. water insoluble). Increasing the ratio of a water-insoluble excipient, Emcompress, to Kollidon SR enhanced drug release. The incorporation of a water-soluble excipient, lactose, accelerated its release rate in a more pronounced manner. Stability studies conducted at 40 degrees C/75% RH revealed a slow-down in dissolution rate for the drug-Kollidon SR formulation, as a result of polyvinylacetate relaxation. Further studies demonstrated that a post-compression curing step effectively stabilized the release pattern of formulations containing > or = 47% Kollidon SR. The release mechanism of Kollidon-drug and drug-Kollidon-Emcompress formulations appears to be diffusion controlled, while that of the drug-Kollidon-lactose formulation appears to be controlled predominantly by diffusion along with erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Shao
- Formulation R&D, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 170 Tabor Road, Morris Plains, NJ 07950, USA.
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Modification of ketoprofen bead structure produced by the spherical crystallization technique with a two-solvent system. Int J Pharm 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(96)04746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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