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Beck A, Newton MA, van de Water LGA, van Bokhoven JA. The Enigma of Methanol Synthesis by Cu/ZnO/Al 2O 3-Based Catalysts. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4543-4678. [PMID: 38564235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The activity and durability of the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA) catalyst formulation for methanol synthesis from CO/CO2/H2 feeds far exceed the sum of its individual components. As such, this ternary catalytic system is a prime example of synergy in catalysis, one that has been employed for the large scale commercial production of methanol since its inception in the mid 1960s with precious little alteration to its original formulation. Methanol is a key building block of the chemical industry. It is also an attractive energy storage molecule, which can also be produced from CO2 and H2 alone, making efficient use of sequestered CO2. As such, this somewhat unusual catalyst formulation has an enormous role to play in the modern chemical industry and the world of global economics, to which the correspondingly voluminous and ongoing research, which began in the 1920s, attests. Yet, despite this commercial success, and while research aimed at understanding how this formulation functions has continued throughout the decades, a comprehensive and universally agreed upon understanding of how this material achieves what it does has yet to be realized. After nigh on a century of research into CZA catalysts, the purpose of this Review is to appraise what has been achieved to date, and to show how, and how far, the field has evolved. To do so, this Review evaluates the research regarding this catalyst formulation in a chronological order and critically assesses the validity and novelty of various hypotheses and claims that have been made over the years. Ultimately, the Review attempts to derive a holistic summary of what the current body of literature tells us about the fundamental sources of the synergies at work within the CZA catalyst and, from this, suggest ways in which the field may yet be further advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Beck
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mark A Newton
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Song T, Li R, Wang J, Dong C, Feng X, Ning Y, Mu R, Fu Q. Enhanced Methanol Synthesis over Self-Limited ZnO x Overlayers on Cu Nanoparticles Formed via Gas-Phase Migration Route. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202316888. [PMID: 38078622 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Supported metal catalysts are widely used for chemical conversion, in which construction of high density metal-oxide or oxide-metal interface is an important means to improve their reaction performance. Here, Cu@ZnOx encapsulation structure has been in situ constructed through gas-phase migration of Zn species from ZnO particles onto surface of Cu nanoparticles under CO2 hydrogenation atmosphere at 450 °C. The gas-phase deposition of Zn species onto the Cu surface and growth of ZnOx overlayer is self-limited under the high temperature and redox gas (CO2 /H2 ) conditions. Accordingly, high density ZnOx -Cu interface sites can be effectively tailored to have an enhanced activity in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. This work reveals a new route for the construction of active oxide-metal interface and classic strong metal-support interaction state through gas-phase migration of support species induced by high temperature redox reaction atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rongtan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jianyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Cui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yanxiao Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Rentao Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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Fehr SM, Nguyen K, Krossing I. Realistic
Operando‐
DRIFTS Studies on Cu/ZnO Catalysts for CO
2
Hydrogenation to Methanol – Direct Observation of Mono‐ionized Defect Sites and Implications for Reaction Intermediates. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Fehr
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 D-79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 D-79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Karin Nguyen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 D-79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 D-79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 D-79104 Freiburg Germany
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Fehr SM, Krossing I. Spectroscopic Signatures of Pressurized Carbon Dioxide in Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy of Heterogeneous Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Fehr
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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Fernández C, Karelovic A, Gaigneaux EM, Ruiz P. New concepts in low-temperature catalytic hydrogenation and their implications for process intensification. CAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fernández
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (IMCN-MOST); Université catholique de Louvain; Croix du Sud 2/17 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Alejandro Karelovic
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (IMCN-MOST); Université catholique de Louvain; Croix du Sud 2/17 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Concepción; Barrio Universitario s/n; Concepción Chile
| | - Eric M. Gaigneaux
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (IMCN-MOST); Université catholique de Louvain; Croix du Sud 2/17 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Patricio Ruiz
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (IMCN-MOST); Université catholique de Louvain; Croix du Sud 2/17 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
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The Cu–ZnO synergy in methanol synthesis from CO2, Part 1: Origin of active site explained by experimental studies and a sphere contact quantification model on Cu + ZnO mechanical mixtures. J Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Karelovic A, Ruiz P. The role of copper particle size in low pressure methanol synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation over Cu/ZnO catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00848k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The size of copper nanoparticles exerts a significant influence on the selectivity of the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Karelovic
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN)
- Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (MOST)
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Patricio Ruiz
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN)
- Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (MOST)
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve
- Belgium
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Tang QL, Zou WT, Huang RK, Wang Q, Duan XX. Effect of the components' interface on the synthesis of methanol over Cu/ZnO from CO2/H2: a microkinetic analysis based on DFT + U calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:7317-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05518g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
During the methanol synthesis over Cu/ZnO catalysts, the phase interface was observed to supply spillover hydrogen to active copper sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Lin Tang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Xidian University
- Xi'an 710071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Tian Zou
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Xidian University
- Xi'an 710071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Kun Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Xidian University
- Xi'an 710071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Xidian University
- Xi'an 710071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Duan
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Xidian University
- Xi'an 710071
- People's Republic of China
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Medford AJ, Sehested J, Rossmeisl J, Chorkendorff I, Studt F, Nørskov JK, Moses PG. Thermochemistry and micro-kinetic analysis of methanol synthesis on ZnO (0 0 0 1). J Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sano M, Adaniya T, Fujitani T, Nakamura J. Formation Process of a Cu−Zn Surface Alloy on Cu(111) Investigated by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012810i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Sano
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Adaniya
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Fujitani
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Junji Nakamura
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
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Fujitani T, Nakamura I. Methanol Synthesis from CO and CO2Hydrogenations over Supported Palladium Catalysts. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2002. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.75.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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In situ FT-IR study on CO 2 hydrogenation over SiO 2 -supported PtM (M = Cr, Mo, W) complex catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(01)00083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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In situ FT-IR studies on the CO2 hydrogenation over the SiO2-supported RhM (M=Cr, Mo, W) complex catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(00)00479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nishimura H, Yatsu T, Fujitani T, Uchijima T, Nakamura J. Synthesis and decomposition of formate on a Cu(111) surface — kinetic analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(99)00314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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