Effect of Vero cell coculture on the development of frozen-thawed two-cell mouse embryos

Effect of embryonic fibroblast cell co-culture on development of mouse embryos following exposure to visible light

PURPOSE

To determine the effects of visible light on development of mouse embryos and the potential of fibroblast cells to overcome deleterious effects of visible light on mouse preimplantation stage embryos.

METHODS

Two-cell mouse embryos were randomly allocated to un-exposed group (control) and exposed group receiving 1600 lx visible light for various time lengths. Both exposed and un-exposed embryos were co-cultured with either Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEF) or Human Embryonic Fibroblast (HEF). Developmental rate of embryos at day 3 (morula), 4 (expanded blastocyst) and 5 (hatching or hatched blastocyst) was evaluated.

RESULTS

Exposure of embryos to visible light for 30 min decreased developmental rate significantly (P<0.01). Developmental rate of exposed embryos co-cultured with MEF (58%; p<0.05 both at day 4 and 5) and HEF (67%; P<0.01 both at day 4 and 5) was higher than control.

CONCLUSIONS

Visible light adversely affects embryo development in a time-dependent manner. Feeder cells may enhance embryo development particularly when suboptimal conditions are involved.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and co-culture can affect post-thaw development and apoptosis in cryopreserved embryos

PURPOSE

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of growth factor supplementation and Vero cell co-culture on apoptosis and development of frozen thawed one-cell mouse embryos.

METHODS

The following treatment regimens were assessed: (a) control medium (b) Vero cell co-culture and (c) growth factor supplemented medium. The individual growth factors tested were: GM-CSF, IGF-I, IGF-II, TNF-alpha, FGF-4, LIF, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-6, PDGF and EGF. Blastocyst development and differentiation were monitored. At termination of the experiments, overall blastomere number and apoptosis were assessed using the TUNEL assay.

RESULTS

No differences were observed in blastulation and hatching rates. ICM differentiation in thawed embryos was notably improved with either co-culture or growth factor supplementation. The only growth factor significantly modulating apoptosis in thawed embryos was granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). GM-CSF enhanced continued cell survival and prevented apoptosis but did not influence overall cell number in developing blastocysts. Vero cell co-culture significantly increased cell number in blastocysts (124+/-42 vs 100+/-44 in control; P<0.05). Embryonic apoptosis was higher in the co-cultured embryos. The increased presence of apoptotic cells in blastocysts of high cell number may reflect the regulatory role of apoptosis in balancing ICM: TE ratios.

CONCLUSION

These data indicate that culture conditions can modulate post-thaw embryonic development and apoptosis.

Improvement of development of vitrified two-cell mouse embryos by vero cell coculture

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to determine the developmental potential of two-cell mouse embryos resulting from vitrification could increased using monolayer of Vero cells.

METHODS

Two-cell mouse embryos were divided into vitrified and nonvitrified groups. Embryos in the vitrified group were frozen with a combination of 10% ethylene glycol, 30% ficoll, and 0.5% M sucrose (EFS10) as cryoprotectants, and thawed rapidly with 0.5 M sucrose. The survived embryos were cultured either with Vero cells monolayer or in T6 medium. Accordingly the embryos of the nonvitrified group were also cultured. The rates of the development in all the groups were daily determined and statistically compared. At the end of the cultivation period, several expanded blastocysts from each group were stained with ethidium bromide and the mean number of the blastomers were counted and statistically compared.

RESULTS

After 4 days of culture, the developmental potential of vitrified-thawed embryos were significantly reduced in Vero cell-free medium, and the mean cell number of embryos reaching the expanded blastocyst stage were also lower than that of nonvitrified embryos. With exception of last day of culture, Vero cell coculture, resulted in a significant increase in the rate of development of vitrified-thawed embryos as well as improved the mean cell number of expanded blastocysts. On the other hand, the mean cell number of expanded blastocysts of nonvitrified group was significantly improved in coculture group. However, the rate of embryo development except for the first day of culture was similar to that of medium alone.

CONCLUSIONS

The developmental potential of vitrified-thawed embryos appears to be retarded in conventional medium and Vero cell monolayer is capable to eliminate the postthaw deleterious effect of vitrification during the first 3 days of cultivation, but not for a longer period.