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Larifla L, Armand C, Bangou J, Blanchet-Deverly A, Numeric P, Fonteau C, Michel CT, Ferdinand S, Bourrhis V, Vélayoudom-Céphise FL. Association of APOE gene polymorphism with lipid profile and coronary artery disease in Afro-Caribbeans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181620. [PMID: 28727855 PMCID: PMC5519172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) polymorphism is associated with the lipid profile and cardio-vascular disease. However, these relationships vary between ethnic groups. We evaluated, for the first time in an Afro-Caribbean population, the distribution of APOE polymorphisms and their associations with coronary artery disease (CAD), the lipid profile and other cardio-metabolic risk factors. METHODS We studied 712 Afro-Caribbean subjects including 220 with documented CAD and 492 healthy subjects. TaqMan assays were performed to genotype rs7412 and rs429358, the two variants that determine the APOE alleles ε2, ε3 and ε4. The association between APOE genotype and the lipid profile was analysed by comparing ε2 carriers, ε3 homozygotes and ε4 carriers. RESULTS The frequencies of ε2, ε3 and ε4 in the overall sample were 8%, 70% and 22%, respectively. CAD was not associated with APOE polymorphism. The total cholesterol level was higher in ε4 carriers compared with ε2 carriers: 5.07 vs 4.59 mmol/L (P = 0.016). The LDL-cholesterol level was lower in APOE ε2 carriers compared with ε3 homozygotes and ε4 carriers: 2.65 vs 3.03 and 3.17 mmol/L, respectively (p = 0.002). The total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios were similar in the three allelic groups. APOE polymorphism was not associated with diabetes, hypertension, waist circumference or body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that APOE gene polymorphism is associated with the lipid profile but not with CAD in Afro-Caribbean people. This lack of association with CAD may be explained by the low atherogenic profile observed in ε4 carriers, which may warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Larifla
- Research Group Clinical Epidemiology and Medicine, ECM/L.A.M.I.A EA 4540, University of Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Christophe Armand
- Research Group Clinical Epidemiology and Medicine, ECM/L.A.M.I.A EA 4540, University of Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- Department of Medical Information and Public Health, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Jacqueline Bangou
- Research Group Clinical Epidemiology and Medicine, ECM/L.A.M.I.A EA 4540, University of Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- Biochemistry Unit, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Anne Blanchet-Deverly
- Research Group Clinical Epidemiology and Medicine, ECM/L.A.M.I.A EA 4540, University of Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Patrick Numeric
- Department of Internal Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de France, France
| | - Christiane Fonteau
- Biochemistry Unit, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de France, France
| | - Carl-Thony Michel
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Séverine Ferdinand
- Department of Medical Information and Public Health, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Véronique Bourrhis
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Fritz-Line Vélayoudom-Céphise
- Research Group Clinical Epidemiology and Medicine, ECM/L.A.M.I.A EA 4540, University of Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
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Larifla L, Beaney KE, Foucan L, Bangou J, Michel CT, Martino J, Velayoudom-Cephise FL, Cooper JA, Humphries SE. Influence of Genetic Risk Factors on Coronary Heart Disease Occurrence in Afro-Caribbeans. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:978-85. [PMID: 26971241 PMCID: PMC4977013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite excessive rates of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, Afro-Caribbeans have lower mortality rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) than do whites. This study evaluated the association of genetic risk markers previously identified in whites and CHD in Afro-Caribbeans. METHODS We studied 537 Afro-Caribbean individuals (178 CHD cases and 359 controls) who were genotyped for 19 CHD-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A genetic risk score (GRS) incorporating the 19 SNPs was calculated. These participants were compared with 1360 white individuals from the Second Northwick Park Heart Study. RESULTS In Afro-Caribbeans, patients with CHD had higher rates of hypertension (78.7% vs 30.1%), hypercholesterolemia (52.8% vs 15.0%), and diabetes (53.9% vs 14.8%) and were more often men (64.0% vs 43.7%) and smokers (27.5% vs 13.4%) compared with non-CHD controls (all P < 0.001). The GRS was higher in Afro-Caribbeans with CHD than in those without CHD (13.90 vs 13.17; P < 0.001) and was significantly associated with CHD after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, with an odds ratio of 1.40 (95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.80) per standard deviation change. There were significant differences in allelic distributions between the 2 ethnic groups for 14 of the 19 SNPs. The GRS was substantially lower in Afro-Caribbean controls compared with white controls (13.17 vs 16.59; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that a multilocus GRS composed of 19 SNPs associated with CHD in whites is a strong predictor of the disease in Afro-Caribbeans. The differences in CHD occurrence between Afro-Caribbeans and whites might be a result of significant discrepancies in common gene variant distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Larifla
- Research Group Clinical Epidemiology and Medicine, ECM/L.A.M.I.A EA 4540, University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, University of Antilles, Guadeloupe, France; Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.
| | - Katherine E Beaney
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Foucan
- Research Group Clinical Epidemiology and Medicine, ECM/L.A.M.I.A EA 4540, University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, University of Antilles, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Jacqueline Bangou
- Research Group Clinical Epidemiology and Medicine, ECM/L.A.M.I.A EA 4540, University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, University of Antilles, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Carl T Michel
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Jean Martino
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Fritz-Line Velayoudom-Cephise
- Research Group Clinical Epidemiology and Medicine, ECM/L.A.M.I.A EA 4540, University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, University of Antilles, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Jackie A Cooper
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kelishadi R, Sadry G, Zadegan N, Hashemipour M, Sabet B, Bashardoust N, Ansari R, Alikhassy H. Smoking, Adolescents and Health: Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme-Heart Health Promotion from Childhood. Asia Pac J Public Health 2016; 16:15-22. [DOI: 10.1177/101053950401600104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of some environmental factors on smoking, and to assess some health hazards of smoking in adolescents, this cross-sectional study was performed among 1950 students, ages11-18, selected by multi-stage random sampling from three cities in Iran. According to self-administered questionnaires, 12.9% of boys and 4% of girls reported to be smoker (OR=3.34, 95%CI: 2.33, 4.77, p<0.001). The mean values of total-and LDL-cholesterol were higher in smokers and their HDL-C was lower than non-smokers (163.33± 33.83, 90.73± 31 and 46.7± 12.24 vs.156± 29.53, 85±26.5 and 49.4±13.7 mg/dl, respectively, p<0.05). The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in smokers than non-smokers (110.7± 14.5, 67.6± 11.55 vs. 104.9± 14.3, 63.2± 10.8 mmHg, respectively, p<0.05). The smokers had higher BMI than non-smokers (20.34 ±3.84 vs.19.55 ± 3.66, p<0.05). The mean food consumption frequency was lower for fruits and vegetables and higher for fat/salty snacks and fast foods in smokers than non-smokers. Logistic regression analysis showed significant association between sex, age, the number of family members and number of smokers in the family and smoking in students. The findings of this study have implications for future tobacco prevention strategies through community-based interventions. Asia Pac JPublic Health 2004; 16(1): 15-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Kelishadi
- Preventive Paediatric Cardiology Department, Isfahan
Cardiovascular Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,
| | - G. Sadry
- Health Services, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Provincial Health Office
| | - N.S. Zadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre, Isfahan University
of Medical Sciences
| | - M. Hashemipour
- Paediatric Endocrinology Department, Isfahan University
of Medical Sciences
| | - B. Sabet
- Surveillance Unit, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre,
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
| | | | - R. Ansari
- Preventive Paediatric Cardiology Department, Isfahan
Cardiovascular Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
| | - H. Alikhassy
- Nutrition Department, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research
Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
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Larifla L, Armand C, Velayoudom-Cephise FL, Weladji G, Michel CT, Blanchet-Deverly A, Deloumeaux J, Foucan L. Distribution of coronary artery disease severity and risk factors in Afro-Caribbeans. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 107:212-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Hadjiev DI, Mineva PP. Antihypertensive treatment with cerebral hemodynamics monitoring by ultrasonography in elderly hypertensives without a history of stroke may prevent or slow down cognitive decline. A pending issue. Med Hypotheses 2010; 76:434-7. [PMID: 21134723 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of the antihypertensive therapy in preventing cognitive disorders in elderly persons without a history of stroke is still a matter of debate. This article focuses on the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive disorders in hypertension and on the impact of antihypertensive treatment in their prevention. Cerebral white matter lesions, caused by small vessel disease and cerebral hypoperfusion, have been found in the majority of elderly hypertensives. They correlate with cognitive disorders, particularly impairments of attention and executive functions. Excessive blood pressure lowering in elderly patients with long-standing hypertension below a certain critical level, may increase the risk of further cerebral hypoperfusion because of disrupted cerebral blood flow autoregulation. As a result, worsening of the cognitive functions could occur, especially in cases with additional vascular risk factors. Five randomized, placebo-controlled trials have focused on the efficacy of antihypertensive treatments in preventing cognitive impairments in elderly patients without a prior cerebrovascular disease. Four of them have not found positive effects. We suggest that repeated neuropsychological assessments and ultrasonography for evaluation of carotid atherosclerosis, as well as cerebral hemodynamics monitoring could adjust the antihypertensive therapy with the aim to decrease the risk of cerebral hypoperfusion and prevent or slow down cognitive decline in elderly hypertensives. Prospective studies are needed to confirm such a treatment strategy.
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Badaruddoza, Kaur P. Familial aggregation of blood pressure with respect to anthropometric variables among the Lobana (nomadic origin) population in Punjab, India. Asia Pac J Public Health 2010; 24:104-16. [PMID: 20566522 DOI: 10.1177/1010539510372539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Familial aggregation of blood pressure with respect to anthropometric characteristics was investigated among the Lobana (a tribal origin) population in Punjab, a North Indian state. A total of 505 individuals comprised the study sample, constituting 116 families of 3 generations. The study represents a multivariate model analysis, which includes family data with respect to blood pressure phenotypes and other metric measurements such as height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and 4 skinfold measurements. A higher correlation for almost all sets of anthropometric variables with blood pressure was found among the offspring generation as compared with the parental and grandparental generations. The study confirmed that the familial aggregation of blood pressure with respect to anthropometric measurements is strong in the offspring generation. The findings suggest that sharing a household environment has a significant effect on familial aggregation especially for systolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badaruddoza
- Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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Merle S, Pierre-Louis K, Rosine J, Cardoso T, Inamo J, Deloumeaux J. Prévalence de l’hypertension artérielle en population générale à la Martinique. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2009; 57:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Hadjiev DI, Mineva PP. Antihypertensive treatment in elderly hypertensives without a history of stroke and the risk of cognitive disorders. Acta Neurol Scand 2008; 118:139-45. [PMID: 18336621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of the antihypertensive therapy in preventing cognitive disorders in elderly persons without a history of stroke is a matter of debate. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of the cognitive disorders in elderly hypertensives and on the risk factors of their occurrence. METHODS Relevant papers were identified by searches in PubMed from 1946 until October 2007, using the key words 'vascular risk factors', 'vascular cognitive impairment', 'vascular dementia', 'neuroimaging in hypertension' and 'antihypertensive treatment'. RESULTS Blood pressure lowering in elderly patients with long-standing hypertension below a certain critical level may increase the risk of cerebral hypoperfusion and cognitive decline, particularly in cases with additional vascular risk factors. Cerebral white matter lesions have been found in the majority of elderly hypertensives. They have been shown to correlate with cognitive disorders. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate neuropsychological assessment and follow-up of the cognitive functions could be considered with the aim to individualize the antihypertensive therapy and slow down cognitive decline. Prospective studies are needed to confirm such a treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Hadjiev
- University Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry St. Naum, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Particularities of peripheral arterial disease managed in vascular surgery in the French West Indies. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 101:23-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-2136(08)70251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of the antihypertensive therapy in preventing vascular cognitive disorders in elderly persons without a history of stroke is a matter of debate. This review focuses on cognitive disorders in elderly hypertensive patients. METHODS Relevant papers were identified by searches in PubMed from 1946 until February 2007 using the keywords 'cerebral blood flow autoregulation', 'vascular cognitive disorders', 'neuroimaging in hypertension', 'antihypertensive treatment' and 'neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia'. RESULTS Excessive blood pressure lowering in patients with long-standing hypertension may increase the risk of cerebral hypoperfusion, white matter lesions and consequent cognitive decline. White matter lesions have been found in the majority of patients with long-standing hypertension. They correlate with vascular cognitive disorders, particularly impairments of attention and executive function, while memory is relatively preserved. Cerebral small vessel disease in elderly patients should be taken into account when antihypertensive treatment is considered. Renin-angiotensin blockade, some calcium channel blockers and statins are thought to possess neuroprotective action. CONCLUSION For prevention of cerebral hypoperfusion in elderly hypertensives blood pressure lowering should be cautiously controlled. The increased risk of white matter lesions is an indication for early neuroprotection. The combination of renin-angiotensin blockade or calcium channel blockers with statins may become a promising preventive strategy against cognitive decline in elderly hypertensives. Cerebral white matter protection is a future challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimiter Hadjiev
- 1University Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry 'St Naum', Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petya Mineva
- 2Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Thracian University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Deneuville M, Perrouillet A. Survival and quality of life after arterial revascularization or major amputation for critical leg ischemia in Guadeloupe. Ann Vasc Surg 2007; 20:753-60. [PMID: 16791454 DOI: 10.1007/s10016-006-9087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional outcome and survival in 253 patients treated for critical leg ischemia (CLI) in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) were analyzed. Analysis included calculation of quality-of-life score (QLS) from telephone survey data, with a median follow-up time of 42 months (range 12-109). A slight but significant benefit was observed in the 140 patients who underwent arterial reconstruction, with 76% autonomous ambulatory function, 51% independent residential status, and a QLS of 6.9 +/- 1.5 in comparison with the 113 patients who underwent amputation: 34%, 17%, and 5.1 +/- 2, respectively (p < 0.0001). Survival was comparable in the two groups. Inadequate medical follow-up that was either totally lacking or performed only in case of recurrent CLI as well as low rates of rehabilitation (50%) and prosthetic fitting (32%) in the amputation group highlight the existence of a double problem involving therapeutic compliance and vascular follow-up care/rehabilitation in Guadeloupe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Deneuville
- Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire et Thoracique, CHU de Guadeloupe, Abymes, France.
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Pitsavos C, Milias GA, Panagiotakos DB, Xenaki D, Panagopoulos G, Stefanadis C. Prevalence of self-reported hypertension and its relation to dietary habits, in adults; a nutrition & health survey in Greece. BMC Public Health 2006; 6:206. [PMID: 16904009 PMCID: PMC1559700 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/13/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension leads to many degenerative diseases, the most common being cardiovascular in origin. This study has been designed to estimate the prevalence of self-reported hypertension in a random nationwide sample of adult Greek population, while focus was set to the assessment of participants' nutritional habits in relation to their hypertension status. Methods A random-digit dialed telephone survey. Based on a multistage, stratified sampling, 5003 adults (18 – 74 yr) participated (men: 48.8%, women: 51.2%). All participants were interviewed via telephone by trained personnel who used a standard questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, medical history, lifestyle habits and nutritional assessment. Results The prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 13.3% in men and 17.7% in women (P < 0.001). Furthermore, women reported higher values of systolic blood pressure (180 ± 27 mmHg) than men (169 ± 24 mmHg). Positive relationships were found between hypertension status and the prevalence of the rest investigated health conditions (i.e. hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, renal failure and obesity). Nutritional assessment showed that consumption of fish, fruits and juices, cereals, and low fat milk and yogurt was significantly higher among hypertensive subjects while the opposite was observed for food items as red meat, pork, egg, pasta and rice, full fat dairy products and desserts. Conclusion Hypertension seems to be a serious public health problem in Greece. It is encouraging that hypertensives may have started adopting some more healthy nutritional behaviour compared to normotensive ones. However, they can gain significant benefits regarding to blood pressure control, if they increase the level of compliance with dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece
| | - George A Milias
- Department of Nutrition – Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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Milias GA, Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Xenaki D, Panagopoulos G, Stefanadis C. Prevalence of self-reported hypercholesterolaemia and its relation to dietary habits, in Greek adults; a national nutrition & health survey. Lipids Health Dis 2006; 5:5. [PMID: 16529663 PMCID: PMC1456962 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-5-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The strong causal role of hypercholesterolaemia on the progression of atherosclerosis and subsequently on the development of cardiovascular disease is well described. Main aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported hypercholesterolaemia and its relation to nutritional habits, in a representative nationwide sample of adult Greek population. METHODS Cross sectional survey. Based on a multistage sampling, 5003 adults (18-74 yr) were enrolled (men: 48.8%, women: 51.2%). All participants were interviewed by trained personnel who used a standard questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, medical history, lifestyle habits and nutritional assessment. RESULTS The prevalence of self-reported hypercholesterolaemia was 16.4% in men and 21.8% in women (P < 0.001). Hypercholesterolaemic status was positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, obesity and physical inactivity, and inversely with the prevalence of smoking. The analysis of reported food consumption patterns showed that consumption of fish, fruits and juices, cereals, and low fat milk and yogurt was significantly higher among hypercholesterolaemic participants while the opposite was observed for food items as red meat, pork, egg, full fat dairy products and desserts. CONCLUSION Hypercholesterolaemia seems to affect a large part of Greek population. It is hopeful that hypercholesterolaemics may have started adopting some more healthy nutritional behaviour compared to normocholesterolaemic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Milias
- Department of Nutrition – Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece
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