1
|
de Deus M, Petit C, Schwitzer T. ElectroRetinoGraphy toward an exploration of the therapeutic potential of antidepressants in patients with major depressive disorder: a scoping review of the literature. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105833. [PMID: 39089420 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by at least one major depressive episode. It requires medical attention typically involving the prescription of antidepressants. Remission in MDD patients is often difficult to achieve because of the limited effectiveness of these drugs. Nowadays, numerous patients undergo various antidepressant treatments, with subjective changes in their personal experiences being regularly monitored. Therefore, it is essential to find clinical and objective tools that offer a more tailored approach to antidepressant selection. The neurochemistry of the retina being similar to the brain, one promising approach would be to use ElectroRetinoGraphy (ERG) measurements on MDD patients requiring antidepressant treatment. Thus, the aim of this scoping review is to highlight effects of different classes of antidepressants on retinal function evaluated by full-field ERG (ffERG), Pattern ERG (PERG) and multifocal ERG (mfERG) waveforms in MDD patients. These ERG measurements could serve as pivotal indicators in defining patient profiles, facilitating a more objective and personalized approach to therapeutic interventions, thereby advancing precision psychiatry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie de Deus
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie d'Adulte et d'Addictologie du Grand Nancy, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, 1, rue du Docteur Archambault, F-54 520 Laxou, France
| | - Charlotte Petit
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie d'Adulte et d'Addictologie du Grand Nancy, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, 1, rue du Docteur Archambault, F-54 520 Laxou, France
| | - Thomas Schwitzer
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie d'Adulte et d'Addictologie du Grand Nancy, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, 1, rue du Docteur Archambault, F-54 520 Laxou, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marcar VL, Battegay E, Schmidt D, Cheetham M. Parallel processing in human visual cortex revealed through the influence of their neural responses on the visual evoked potential. Vision Res 2021; 193:107994. [PMID: 34979298 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The neural response in the human visual system is composed of magno-, parvo- and koniocellular input from the retina. Signal differences from functional imaging between health and individuals with a cognitive weakness are attributed to a dysfunction of a specific retinal input. Yet, anatomical interconnections within the human visual system obscure individual contribution to the neural response in V1. Deflections in the visual evoked potential (VEP) arise from an interaction between electric dipoles, their strength determined by the size of the neural population active during temporal - and spatial luminance contrast processing. To investigate interaction between these neural responses, we recorded the VEP over visual cortex of 14 healthy adults viewing four series of windmill patterns. Within a series, the relative area white in a pattern varied systematically. Between series, the number of sectors across which this area was distributed doubled. These patterns were viewed as pattern alternating and on-/off stimuli. P100/P1 amplitude increased linearly with the relative area white in the pattern, while N135/N1 and P240/P2 amplitude increased with the number of sectors of which the area white was distributed. The decreases P100 amplitude with increasing number of sectors is attributed to an interaction between electric dipoles located in granular and supragranular layers of V1. Differences between the VEP components obtained during a pattern reversing display and following pattern onset are accounted for by the transient and sustained nature of neural responses processing temporal - and spatial luminance contrast and ability of these responses to manifest in the VEP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V L Marcar
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Internal Medicine, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland; University Hospital Zürich, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Zurich, PO Box, 157, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland; University Hospital Zürich, Biomedical Optical Research Laboratory (BORL), Department of Neonatology, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - E Battegay
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Internal Medicine, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; International Center for Multimorbidity and Complexity in Medicine (ICMC), University Zurich, University Hospital Basel (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine), Merian Iselin Klinik Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Schmidt
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Internal Medicine, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Cheetham
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Internal Medicine, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dettoraki M, Moschos MM. The Role of Multifocal Electroretinography in the Assessment of Drug-Induced Retinopathy: A Review of the Literature. Ophthalmic Res 2016; 56:169-177. [PMID: 27351191 DOI: 10.1159/000446321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) is an objective, noninvasive examination for the assessment of visual function. It enables the stimulation of multiple retinal areas simultaneously and recording of each response independently, providing a topographic measure of retinal electrophysiological activity in the central 40-50° of the retina. A clinical application of mfERG represents the assessment of retinal toxicity associated with systemic medications. Drug-induced retinopathy represents a disease that, although not common, requires early recognition: if not detected early, it may progress and cause irreversible retinal dysfunction with subsequent visual impairment. This review aims to evaluate the use of mfERG in the assessment of retinal dysfunction associated with various systemic pharmacological agents based on the currently available literature. The most commonly recognized systemic medications affecting retinal function are included, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, vigabatrin, deferoxamine, ethambutol, interferon-α, tamoxifen, digoxin, sildenafil, canthaxanthin, amiodarone and nefazodone. The role of mfERG in the early diagnosis of retinal toxicity and the evaluation of disease severity is reviewed, as well as its clinical value in monitoring disease progression or recovery after drug cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dettoraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim HYH, Korade Z, Tallman KA, Liu W, Weaver CD, Mirnics K, Porter NA. Inhibitors of 7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase: Screening of a Collection of Pharmacologically Active Compounds in Neuro2a Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:892-900. [PMID: 27097157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A small library of pharmacologically active compounds (the NIH Clinical Collection) was assayed in Neuro2a cells to determine their effect on the last step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, the transformation of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) to cholesterol promoted by 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, DHCR7. Of some 727 compounds in the NIH Clinical Collection, over 30 compounds significantly increased 7-DHC in Neuro2a cells when assayed at 1 μM. Active compounds that increased 7-DHC with a Z-score of +3 or greater generally gave rise to modest decreases in desmosterol and increases in lanosterol levels. Among the most active compounds identified in the library were the antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic compounds that included perospirone, nefazodone, haloperidol, aripiprazole, trazodone, and buspirone. Fluoxetine and risperidone were also active at 1 μM, and another 10 compounds in this class of pharmaceuticals were identified in the screen at concentrations of 10 μM. Increased levels of 7-DHC are associated with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), a human condition that results from a mutation in the gene that encodes DHCR7. The SLOS phenotype includes neurological deficits and congenital malformations, and it is linked to a higher incidence of autism spectrum disorder. The significance of the current study is that it identifies common pharmacological compounds that may induce a biochemical presentation similar to SLOS. Little is known about the side effects of elevated 7-DHC postdevelopmentally, and the elevated 7-DHC that results from exposure to these compounds may also be a confounder in the diagnosis of SLOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young H Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Keri A Tallman
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | | | - Karoly Mirnics
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lai TYY, Chan WM, Lai RYK, Ngai JWS, Li H, Lam DSC. The clinical applications of multifocal electroretinography: a systematic review. Surv Ophthalmol 2007; 52:61-96. [PMID: 17212991 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) is an investigation that can simultaneously measure multiple electroretinographic responses at different retinal locations by cross-correlation techniques. mfERG therefore allows topographic mapping of retinal function in the central 40-50 degrees of the retina. The strength of mfERG lies in its ability to provide objective assessment of the central retinal function at different retinal areas within a short duration of time. Since the introduction of mfERG in 1992, mfERG has been applied in a large variety of clinical settings. This article reviews the clinical applications of mfERG based on the currently available evidence. mfERG has been found to be useful in the assessment of localized retinal dysfunction caused by various acquired or hereditary retinal disorders. The use of mfERG also enabled clinicians to objectively monitor the treatment outcomes as the changes in visual functions might not be reflected by subjective methods of assessment. By changing the stimulus, recording, and analysis parameters, investigation of specific retinal electrophysiological components can be performed topographically. Further developments and consolidations of these parameters will likely broaden the use of mfERG in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Y Y Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rizzo M, Lamers CTJ, Sauer CG, Ramaekers JG, Bechara A, Andersen GJ. Impaired perception of self-motion (heading) in abstinent ecstasy and marijuana users. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2005; 179:559-66. [PMID: 15723231 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-004-2100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2004] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Illicit drug use can increase driver crash risk due to loss of control over vehicle trajectory. This study asks, does recreational use of +/-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; marijuana) impair cognitive processes that help direct our safe movement through the world? OBJECTIVE This study assesses the residual effects of combined MDMA/THC use, and of THC use alone, upon perceived trajectory of travel. METHODS Perception of self-motion, or heading, from optical flow patterns was assessed using stimuli comprising random dot ground planes presented at three different densities and eight heading angles (1, 2, 4 and 8 degrees to the left or right). On each trial, subjects reported if direction of travel was to the left or the right. RESULTS Results showed impairments in both drug groups, with the MDMA/THC group performing the worst. CONCLUSIONS The finding that these psychoactive agents adversely affect heading perception, even in recently abstinent users, raises potential concerns about MDMA use and driving ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rizzo
- Division of Neuroergonomics and Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Crewther DP, Luu CD, Kiely PM, Kowal L, Crewther SG. Clinical application of the multifocal visual evoked potential. Clin Exp Optom 2004; 87:163-70. [PMID: 15186207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2004.tb03169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2003] [Revised: 01/14/2004] [Accepted: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measures of visual function thresholds such as visual acuity and visual fields are generally dependent on subjective responses and assume maintenance of fixation, attention and motivation. In the young, elderly, cognitively impaired or malingering populations, such measures may be inaccurate or difficult to obtain. The Visual Evoked Response Imaging System (VERIS) has been claimed to give more objective topographic recordings of retinal and cortical function. This paper aims to explore the adequacy of this technique in four unusual, unrelated, clinically difficult cases. METHODS Multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEPs) recorded on the VERIS System 3.01 are used to assess visual function in four cases with contradictory clinical findings or unreliable subjective responses. RESULTS Patient 1 had sustained a head injury and had normal ocular and pupil examination but light perception in the right eye and 6/5 acuity in the left. Multifocal VEPs showed a marked depression of the right visual field with little macular response. Patient 2 had sustained a head injury, had a left field hemianopia, possible macular sparing and loss of much of the right field, reduced but variable visual acuities, good near vision and normal ocular fundi. Multifocal VEPs showed a severe depression in both visual fields (L more than R) with little macular response. Patient 3 had a left optic nerve meningioma and experienced great difficulty with visual field assessment. mfVEPs showed a bilateral depression in the superior field particularly the left field, with a larger deficit in the left eye. Patient 4 had unexplained visual acuity and peripheral field deficits. mfVEP results were inconclusive in this case. DISCUSSION Where there is difficulty performing traditional techniques or conflicting clinical findings, mfVEPs may provide additional objective information to aid in the assessment of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P Crewther
- Brain Sciences Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, 400 Burwood Road, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2004; 13:49-64. [PMID: 14971123 DOI: 10.1002/pds.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|